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Benefits

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There are no known adverse affects of bee hummingbirds on humans.

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Glick, A. 2002. "Mellisuga helenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mellisuga_helenae.html
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Adrienne Glick, Western Maryland College
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Alaine Camfield, Animal Diversity Web
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Morphology

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Bee hummingbirds are the smallest birds in the world. They also spend a higher percentage of their lives flying than any other species. They are comparable in size to large bees. Female M. helenae tend to be slightly larger than males. Males grow to be 5.51 cm long and weigh 1.95 g, on average, while females grow to be 6.12 cm long and weigh 2.6 g, on average. This small species is very compact and agile with an average wingspan of 3.25 cm. These birds have straight and rather short beaks when compared with other species of hummingbirds. Male M. helenae can be distinguished by their bright colors and the iridescent feathers on their throats. They have specially adapted flight muscles, which make up 22 to 34 percent of their total body weight. Mellisuga helenae (and other hummingbirds) are also equipped with a large keel and tapered wings, which aid in flying. As is common among other hummingbirds, their shoulder joints allow their wings to rotate 180 degrees and their small feet and legs can only be used for perching.

Average mass: 2.28 g.

Average length: 5.82 cm.

Average wingspan: 3.25 cm.

Sexual Dimorphism: female larger; male more colorful

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

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Glick, A. 2002. "Mellisuga helenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mellisuga_helenae.html
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Adrienne Glick, Western Maryland College
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Alaine Camfield, Animal Diversity Web
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Associations

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Anti-predator adaptations in M. helenae include their maneuverability and speed. Bee hummingbirds, along with other hummingbirds, are the only birds capable of flying backwards and making immediate stops while flying in the air. They also perform a nuptial dive, which is made up of several downward dashes with intermittent pauses and is used to scare predators from their territory.

Bee hummingbirds have reportedly been caught and eaten by hawks (family Accipitridae), falcons (family Falconidae), kestrels (genus Falco), orioles (genus Icterus), frogs (order Anura), fish (class Actinopterygii) and tropical spiders (order Araneae).

Known Predators:

  • hawks (Accipitridae)
  • falcons (Falconidae)
  • kestrels (Falco)
  • orioles (Icterus)
  • frogs (Anura)
  • fish (Actinopterygii)
  • tropical spiders (Araneae)
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Glick, A. 2002. "Mellisuga helenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mellisuga_helenae.html
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Adrienne Glick, Western Maryland College
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Alaine Camfield, Animal Diversity Web
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Life Expectancy

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Bee hummingbirds are known to live up to 7 years in the wild, and 10 years in captivity.

Range lifespan
Status: wild:
7 (high) years.

Range lifespan
Status: captivity:
10 (high) years.

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Glick, A. 2002. "Mellisuga helenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mellisuga_helenae.html
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Adrienne Glick, Western Maryland College
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Habitat

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Cuba has a humid subtropical climate with no seasonal extremes, a favorable environment for bee hummingbirds. Bee hummingbirds prefer areas with the plant solandria grand flora, which provides their preferred source of nectar. Although bee hummingbirds may live at both high and low altitudes, they seem to prefer lowlands. They can be found in coastal and interior forests, in mountain valleys, swampy areas and gardens.

Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest

Aquatic Biomes: coastal

Wetlands: swamp

Other Habitat Features: suburban

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Glick, A. 2002. "Mellisuga helenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mellisuga_helenae.html
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Adrienne Glick, Western Maryland College
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Distribution

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Mellisuga helenae are residents of Cuba, an island located in the West Indies. Today, bee hummingbirds inhabit the entire island and Isla de la Juventud, which is the largest of the islands off Cuba's southern coast. There have also been several bee hummingbird sightings on the neighboring islands of Jamaica and Haiti.

Biogeographic Regions: neotropical (Native )

Other Geographic Terms: island endemic

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Glick, A. 2002. "Mellisuga helenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mellisuga_helenae.html
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Trophic Strategy

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As with all members of the family Trochilidae, M. helenae have evolved a unique tongue structure in order to more efficiently obtain nectar from flowers. Their tongue is long and protractile. The bill is also used to extract insects and spiders from within flowers. The birds hover in front of flowers while feeding. Because the hummingbird flowers have no perch, it is difficult for other birds and insects to exploit their nectar so bee hummingbirds have little competition for their food source. Bee hummingbirds consume their weight in nectar and insects each day. They prefer nectar with sucrose concentrations of 15 to 30 percent. Because of their fast metabolism, bee hummingbirds require a high nutrient intake and spend up to 15 percent of their time eating.

In addition to nectar, bee hummingbirds eat insects and spiders.

Animal Foods: insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods

Plant Foods: nectar

Primary Diet: herbivore (Nectarivore )

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Glick, A. 2002. "Mellisuga helenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mellisuga_helenae.html
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Adrienne Glick, Western Maryland College
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Alaine Camfield, Animal Diversity Web
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Associations

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Bee hummingbirds are important for the pollination of various flowers in Cuba and Jamaica. Flowers such as solandria grand flora and the scarlet bush have evolved to make their nectar accessible only to this species. In these relationships, the birds and plants are codependent.

Ecosystem Impact: pollinates

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Glick, A. 2002. "Mellisuga helenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mellisuga_helenae.html
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Adrienne Glick, Western Maryland College
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Benefits

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Bee hummingbirds, along with other species of hummingbird, are known for their grace and beauty. During the 19th century, stuffed hummingbirds were a status symbol worn on the hats of women. Farmers, scientists and tourists are often impressed by these tiny wonders of nature. Bee hummingbirds can be attracted to gardens with hummingbird flowers or hanging feeders of sugar water solution. Hummingbirds can also be important crop pollinators.

Positive Impacts: ecotourism ; pollinates crops

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Glick, A. 2002. "Mellisuga helenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mellisuga_helenae.html
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Adrienne Glick, Western Maryland College
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Untitled

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The wings of hummingbirds vibrate so rapidly that they create a humming sound. This is where the common name hummingbird originated.

When size is taken into account, the amount of energy required by a bee hummingbird each day is 10 times the amount spent by marathon runners.

This species of hummingbird is capable of visiting as many as 1,500 flowers in a single day.

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Glick, A. 2002. "Mellisuga helenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mellisuga_helenae.html
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Adrienne Glick, Western Maryland College
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Behavior

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Male and female M. helenae interact using simple songs that are high-pitched and unattractive to the human ear. They are capable of a variety of vocal sounds including squeaking and twittering. Many of their songs consist of a single repeated note, each note lasting less than a second. Analysis of these melodies has shown that different leks and individual males within a single singing assembly vary their songs.

Communication Channels: acoustic

Other Communication Modes: choruses

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Glick, A. 2002. "Mellisuga helenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mellisuga_helenae.html
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Conservation Status

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The first human threat to hummingbirds most likely occurred during the 19th century when stuffed hummingbirds were a status symbol worn on the hats of women. Today, the greatest threat to the survival of the species is the destruction of forests and replacement of other natural vegetation with crops. This has an impact on the availability of suitable nesting sites and nest construction materials.

In order to maintain the biodiversity of the West Indies, the government of Cuba is determined to keep its annual deforestation rate at a low 0.1 percent. In 1959, the revolutionary government took charge and the Reforestation Plan was enacted. Planting efforts increased from 50.8 million trees planted each year between 1960 and 1969 to 136.3 million between the years 1980 and 1988.

Bee hummingbirds are listed as lower risk/near threatened by the IUCN and under Appendix II by CITES.

CITES: appendix ii

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: near threatened

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Glick, A. 2002. "Mellisuga helenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mellisuga_helenae.html
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Life Cycle

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When first hatched, new M. helenae are blind and nearly naked of plumage (feathers), but their growth is rapid. The young Bee Hummingbirds are fed by regurgitation for 20-40 days while the mother hovers over the nest. Hatchlings tend to leave the nest only after their wing feathers are fully-grown. This is about 22-24 days after hatching. The nestlings’ initial plumage closely resembles that of an adult Bee Hummingbird, with an exception to the dark colorations and the iridescent ornamentations. These characteristics are developed later in the life (decorative patterns) of the adult male (Terres 1982; Thomson 1964).

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Glick, A. 2002. "Mellisuga helenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mellisuga_helenae.html
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Adrienne Glick, Western Maryland College
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Reproduction

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Male M. helenae form leks (groups of singing males that form during breeding season) to perform advertising songs to attract females. The songs may be brief warbles or a repetition of a few notes. Females visit several leks and select a mate based on his performance. A single male may mate with several females in one season.

Mating System: polygynous

Breeding occurs at the end of the wet season and the beginning of the dry season when many trees and shrubs are flowering. Breeding corresponds with the flowering patterns of sloandria grand flora, the bird's preferred source of nectar. Mating in bee hummingbirds can occur on a perch or while hovering in the air.

Female bee hummingbirds typically lay 2 pea-sized eggs. The eggs are elliptical in shape and are white. Incubation lasts 14 to 23 days and the chicks fledge after 18 to 38 days. Females make their first attempt to breed when they are 1 year old.

Breeding season: Breeding occurs at the end of the wet season and the beginning of the dry season.

Range eggs per season: 1 to 2.

Range time to hatching: 14 to 23 days.

Range fledging age: 18 to 38 days.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 1 years.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (Internal ); oviparous

Female M. helenae are entirely responsible for the care of the altricial young. Females build a small cup shaped nest with relatively thick walls made of moss, bark and spider webs. Nests are often lined with down to help keep the eggs warm.

Parental Investment: no parental involvement; altricial ; pre-fertilization; pre-hatching/birth (Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female)

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Glick, A. 2002. "Mellisuga helenae" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mellisuga_helenae.html
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Adrienne Glick, Western Maryland College
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Brief Summary

provided by EOL authors

Bee Hummingbirds (Mellisuga helenae) are only 5 to 6 cm long and weigh just 1.6 to 1.9 g (a small coin such as a U.S. penny weighs around 2.5 to 3 g). The male Bee Hummingbird is the smallest of all birds and can easily be mistaken for a bee. The male's head and throat are fiery red and he has an iridescent gorget with elongated lateral plumes. The remainder of his upperparts are bluish and the remainder of his underparts are mainly grayish white. The slightly larger female has green upperparts, whitish underparts, an inconspicuous white spot behind the eye and black spot on the lores, and a rounded tail with white tips on the outer tail feathers. The Bee Hummingbird's voice is a prolonged squeaking.

Bee Hummingbirds are endemic to (i.e., found only in) Cuba, where they may occur in woodland, swampland, shrubbery, and gardens, but mainly in coastal forests and forest edges. They occasionally are found in more open areas, but generally require mature growth with thick tangles of lianas (long-stemmed woody vines) and an abundance of epiphytes. They feed on nectar from a range of flowers, as well as on insects. The tiny nest is constructed 3 to 5 m above the ground on a thin twig and is often decorated on the outside with lichens. Construction (by the female alone) takes around 10 days. The two eggs are incubated for around 3 weeks. Hatchlings have a full set of feathers by around 2 weeks and practice flying for several days before leaving the nest at around 18 days.

Bee Hummingbird populations have clearly declined, presumably as a result of reduction in the mature forest habitat they require. Although once widespread on Cuba and the Isle of Pines, they may now survive at only a few localities.

(Bond 1993; Schuchmann 1999 and references therein; Raffaele et al. 2003)

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Bykolibrie ( Afrikaans )

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Bee hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae) female in flight.jpg
Bee hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae) adult male in flight.jpg
’n Wyfie (heel bo) en mannetjie (bo) in vlug, albei in Kuba.

Die bykolibrie of Helena-kolibrie (Mellisuga helenae) is ’n spesie van die familie kolibries. Dit is die kleinste voël in die wêreld.[2][3]

Beskrywing

Die bykolibrie is die kleinste lewende voël.[2] Wyfies weeg gemiddeld 2,6 g en is 6,1 cm lank, terwyl mannetjies effens kleiner is; hulle weeg gemiddeld 1,95 g en is 5,5 cm lank.[4] Soos alle kolibries is hulle vinnige, sterk vlieërs.

Die bykolibrie kom in die hele Kubaanse argipel voor, van die hoofeiland tot Jeugeiland in Wes-Indië.[4] Mannetjies het ’n reënboogkleurige kraag met langer vere. Die boonste dele is blouerig en die onderste dele meestal gryswit.[2][5] Die wyfies is blougroen bo en witgrys onder, en die punte van die buitenste stertvere het wit kolle op. In vergelyking met ander kolibries, wat gewoonlik ’n skraal bou het, lyk die bykolibries rond en plomp. In die paarseisoen het mannetjies ’n rooi tot pienk kop, ken en keel. Die wyfies lê net twee eiers op ’n slag, elk omtrent so groot soos ’n koffieboon.[2]

Die bykolibrie se slank, gepunte snawel is aangepas om diep in ’n blom na nekter te soek. Die voël neem hoofsaaklik nektar in, en af en toe ’n insek of spinnekop, deur sy tong vinnig in en uit sy bek te beweeg. In een dag kan die bykolibrie tot 1 500 blomme besoek en hy speel dus ’n belangrike rol in bestuiwing.[6] Die voëls besoek 10 plantspesies, waarvan nege inheems aan Kuba is.[7]

Verwysings

  1. (2016) “Mellisuga helenae”. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22688214A93187682.en. Besoek op 9 Desember 2017.
  2. 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 Simon, Matt (10 Julie 2015). "Absurd Creature of the Week: The World's Tiniest Bird Weighs Less Than a Dime". Wired. Besoek op 8 Maart 2017.
  3. (2009) “Plant-hummingbird interactions in the West Indies: Floral specialisation gradients associated with environment and hummingbird size”. Oecologia 159 (4): 757–66. doi:10.1007/s00442-008-1255-z.
  4. 4,0 4,1 Adrienne Glick. "Mellisuga helenae". Animal Diversity Web. Besoek op 2017-06-19.
  5. T. S. Schulenber, red. (2010). "Bee Hummingbird, Mellisuga helenae". Ithaca, N.Y.: Neotropical Birds Online, Cornell University Laboratory of Ornithology. Besoek op 8 Maart 2017.
  6. Piper, Ross (2007). Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals'. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0313339226.
  7. Dalsgaard, Bo, et al. "Floral traits of plants visited by the bee hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae)". Ornitologia Neotropical 23.1 (2012): 143–149.

Eksterne skakels

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Bykolibrie: Brief Summary ( Afrikaans )

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Bee hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae) female in flight.jpg Bee hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae) adult male in flight.jpg ’n Wyfie (heel bo) en mannetjie (bo) in vlug, albei in Kuba.

Die bykolibrie of Helena-kolibrie (Mellisuga helenae) is ’n spesie van die familie kolibries. Dit is die kleinste voël in die wêreld.

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Kolibri Elena ( Breton )

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Ar c'holibri Elena(Daveoù a vank) (zunzuncito e spagnoleg) a zo un evn, Mellisuga helenae an anv skiantel anezhañ, hag a vev e Kuba en Isla de la Juventud (pe Isla de Pinos).

Anv

Lakaet e oa bet an anv-mañ d'an evn en enor da Elena de Faz[1], pe Helen Booth[2], pried Carlos (pe Charles) Booth, ur mignon da Juan Gundlach (1810-1896), an naturour kuban a orin alaman en devoa bevet meur a vloaz e Kuba.


Doareoù pennañ

Evned bihanañ ar bed eo ar c'holibried Elena : 5 pe 6 kantimetrad hed hag etre 1,6 hag 1,9 gramm. Ha c'hoazh ez eo bihanoc'h ar par eget ar barez.

Boued

Debriñ a reont nektar dreist-holl ha pakañ amprevaned bihan ivez. Ar re yaouank, lezet en neizh pa vez ar barez o klask he boued, ne vezont ket pell o tapout hag o tebriñ an amprevaned bihan a dremen war-hed taol.

Annez

 src=
Tiriad ar c'holibri Elena.

Gallout a raed kavout an evned-se en enez Kuba (e-lec'h ma reer zunzúnes anezho) hag en Enez ar Pin[3]. Soñjal a reer ez int evned chomidik, daoust ma'z eus bet gwelet unan bennak e Providenciales (Inizi Caicos) hag en inizi Bahamas.
O koazhat emañ o niver, dre ma vez distrujet ar c'hoadoù ma vevont, ha ne vezont ket ken stank mui.

Rummatadur

Liamm diavaez

Sell ivez

Notennoù ha daveennoù

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Kolibri Elena: Brief Summary ( Breton )

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Ar c'holibri Elena(Daveoù a vank) (zunzuncito e spagnoleg) a zo un evn, Mellisuga helenae an anv skiantel anezhañ, hag a vev e Kuba en Isla de la Juventud (pe Isla de Pinos).

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Colibrí nan abella ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El colibrí de Helen[1] o colibrí abella és un colibrí endèmic de Cuba i de l'Illa de la Juventud.

Amb una massa d'aproximadament 1,8 grams i una llargada de 5 centímetres, és l'ocell més petit de tots. Té, més o menys, la mida d'una abella (d'aquí un dels seus noms). Això no obstant, és un gran volador. Abat les seves ales 80 vegades per segon, massa ràpid perquè ho capti la vista humana. Durant l'època de festeig, els mascles les poden abatre fins a 200 vegades per segon.[2]

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Colibrí nan abella Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
  1. TERMCAT.cat
  2. Piper, Ross. Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia od Curious and Unusual Animals. Greenwood Press, 2007. ISBN 0-313-33922-8.
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Colibrí nan abella: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El colibrí de Helen o colibrí abella és un colibrí endèmic de Cuba i de l'Illa de la Juventud.

Amb una massa d'aproximadament 1,8 grams i una llargada de 5 centímetres, és l'ocell més petit de tots. Té, més o menys, la mida d'una abella (d'aquí un dels seus noms). Això no obstant, és un gran volador. Abat les seves ales 80 vegades per segon, massa ràpid perquè ho capti la vista humana. Durant l'època de festeig, els mascles les poden abatre fins a 200 vegades per segon.

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Sïedn bychan ( Welsh )

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Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Sïedn bychan (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: sïednod bychain) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Calypte helenae; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Bee hummingbird. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Sïednod (Lladin: Trochilidae) sydd yn urdd y Apodiformes.[1]

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn C. helenae, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.[2] Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yng Ngogledd America.

Gall fwyta neithdar o fewn blodau, ac wrth ymestyn i'w gyrraedd, mae'n rwbio'n erbyn y paill ac yn ei gario i flodyn arall gan ei ffrwythloni.

Teulu

Mae'r sïedn bychan yn perthyn i deulu'r Sïednod (Lladin: Trochilidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:

Rhestr Wicidata:

rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Seren goed torch biws Myrtis fanny Sïedn cleddbig Ensifera ensifera
Sword-billed Hummingbird (Ensifera ensifera).jpg
Sïedn clustfioled brown Colibri delphinae
050305 Brown Violet-ear crop.jpg
Sïedn clustfioled tinwyn Colibri serrirostris
White-Vented Violetear.JPG
Sïedn cynffonnog coch Sappho sparganurus
Sappho sparganura.jpg
Sïedn cynffonnog efydd Polyonymus caroli
MonographTrochi3Goul 0252.jpg
Sïedn dreinbig melynwyrdd Chalcostigma olivaceum
Histoirenaturell00muls 0053.jpg
Sïedn gên emrallt Abeillia abeillei
MonographTrochi4Goul 0042.jpg
Sïedn y werddon Rhodopis vesper
Hummingbird Incubating3.jpg
Diwedd y rhestr a gynhyrchwyd yn otomatig o Wicidata.

Gweler hefyd

Cyfeiriadau

  1. Gwefan Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd; adalwyd 30 Medi 2016.
  2. Gwefan Avibase; adalwyd 3 Hydref 2016.
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Sïedn bychan: Brief Summary ( Welsh )

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Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Sïedn bychan (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: sïednod bychain) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Calypte helenae; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Bee hummingbird. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Sïednod (Lladin: Trochilidae) sydd yn urdd y Apodiformes.

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn C. helenae, sef enw'r rhywogaeth. Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yng Ngogledd America.

Gall fwyta neithdar o fewn blodau, ac wrth ymestyn i'w gyrraedd, mae'n rwbio'n erbyn y paill ac yn ei gario i flodyn arall gan ei ffrwythloni.

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Kalypta nejmenší ( Czech )

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Kalypta nejmenší (Mellisuga helenae) je maličký druh kolibříka. Jedná se o nejmenší žijící ptačí druh na světě. Mezinárodní svaz ochrany přírody hodnotí druh jako téměř ohrožený, nebezpečí představuje ztráta biotopu. Je uveden na druhé příloze úmluvy CITES.[2]

Výskyt

Vyskytuje se na Kubě a na ostrově Isla de la Juventud, pozorováni byli též na sousedních ostrovech Jamajka a Haiti.

Znaky

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samička

Samičky dorůstají průměrné délky 6,12 cm a váží 2,6 gramů, samečci dorůstají dokonce 5,51 cm a váží 1,95 g. Průměrné rozpětí křídel je 3,25 cm.[3] Obě pohlaví mají zelenavý hřbet a světlou spodinu těla, dospělí samci jsou navíc nápadní svým jasně červeným opeřením na hrdélku a temeni. Mláďata jsou zbarvená jako samičky, jen méně výrazná. Zobák je rovný a v porovnání s jinými kolibříky poměrně krátký.

Ekologie

Podobně jako ostatní kolibříci je i kalypta nejmenší velmi dobrý letec, který se živí rostlinným nektarem. Létací svaly tvoří 22–34 % hmotnosti jejich těla a stejně jako další kolibříci mohou křídly v ramenních kloubech otáčet až o 180 °.

Jsou schopni navštívit až 1500 květů v jednom dni, hrají tak velmi významnou úlohu při opylování. Některé druhy, jako např. Hamelia patens, dokonce přizpůsobily tvar svých květů tak, aby se k jejich nektaru mohly dostat pouze kalypty nejmenší.[3]

Kalypty nejmenší hnízdí na konci období dešťů a začátku období sucha, tj. v době, kdy jsou stromy a keře v květu. Snáší 1 až 2 vejce, která patří k nejmenším na světě – co do velikosti se totiž nevyrovnají ani kávovému zrnu. Kalypty na vejcích sedí 14–23 dní, mladí ptáci opouštějí hnízdo po 18–38 dnech a samičky snáší svá první vejce po 1 roce života.[3]

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Bee Hummingbird na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-10]
  2. Mellisuga helenae [online]. iucnredlist.org [cit. 2018-04-06]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
  3. a b c GLICK, Adrienne. Mellisuga helenae – bee hummingbird [online]. University of Michigan Musem of Zoology [cit. 2010-01-14]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)

Externí odkazy

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Kalypta nejmenší: Brief Summary ( Czech )

provided by wikipedia CZ

Kalypta nejmenší (Mellisuga helenae) je maličký druh kolibříka. Jedná se o nejmenší žijící ptačí druh na světě. Mezinárodní svaz ochrany přírody hodnotí druh jako téměř ohrožený, nebezpečí představuje ztráta biotopu. Je uveden na druhé příloze úmluvy CITES.

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Bikolibri ( Danish )

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Bikolibrien (latin: Mellisuga helenae) er verdens mindste kolibri og formentlig også den mindste fugl. Hannen vejer blot 1,6 g, mens hunnen når helt op på 2 g. Kolibrien har en længde på 5-6 cm og lever kun i Cuba og på Isla de la Juventud.


Kilder og eksterne henvisninger

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Bikolibri: Brief Summary ( Danish )

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Bikolibrien (latin: Mellisuga helenae) er verdens mindste kolibri og formentlig også den mindste fugl. Hannen vejer blot 1,6 g, mens hunnen når helt op på 2 g. Kolibrien har en længde på 5-6 cm og lever kun i Cuba og på Isla de la Juventud.


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Bienenelfe ( German )

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Die Bienenelfe (Mellisuga helenae), auch Kubaelfe oder Hummelkolibri, auch Bienen- oder Elfenkolibri genannt, gilt als die kleinste Kolibriart und als der kleinste Vogel weltweit. Sie legt auch die kleinsten Vogeleier.[1] Daneben wird oft die Zwergelfe (Mellisuga minima (Linnaeus, 1758)) als kleinste Art genannt.

Aussehen und Merkmale

Bienenelfen messen von Schwanz bis Schnabel ca. 5–7 cm, Weibchen werden größer als Männchen. Mit einem Gewicht von etwa 1,8 Gramm sind sie leichter als eine Straußenfeder. Sie haben einen Herzschlag von 300 bis 500 Schlägen pro Minute.

Die für Kolibriarten charakteristische Gefiederung ist bei Männchen und Weibchen der Bienenelfen unterschiedlich. So ist das Gefieder des Männchens oberseits bläulich schillernd und das des Weibchens eher grünlich gefärbt, die Farbe der Unterseite des Gefieders ist dagegen bei beiden hellgrau. Die Schwanzfederspitzen der Weibchen sind weiß, während Männchen an der metallisch roten Färbung von Kopf und Kehle zu erkennen sind.[2]

Nahrung

Die Bienenelfe ernährt sich ausschließlich von Nektar. Sie saugt ihn mit ihrer langen, an der Spitze gespaltenen und strohhalmförmigen Zunge auf, diese ist doppelt so lang wie der dünne Schnabel. Dabei schwebt sie mit über 90 Flügelschlägen pro Sekunde in der Luft vor der Pflanze. Mit dem Nektar werden auch Pollen aufgenommen, die dadurch von Blüte zu Blüte transportiert werden. Somit hat die Bienenelfe eine wichtige Rolle in der Bestäubung von Pflanzen. Die Anzahl der besuchten und bestäubten Blüten kann bei 1500 Blüten pro Tag liegen.[2]

Vorkommen

 src=
Verbreitungskarte

Die Art ist endemisch. Sie benötigt epiphyten- und lianenreiche Waldgebiete und kommt daher nur noch in einigen Regionen der Hauptinsel Kubas vor, wie in der Ciénaga de Zapata und auf der Guanahacabibes-Halbinsel. Auch auf Isla de la Juventud, die früher Isla de Pinos genannt wurde, ist die Bienenelfe präsent.[3]

Etymologie und Forschungsgeschichte

Die Bienenelfe wurde 1844 vom deutschen Naturforscher Johann Christoph Gundlach entdeckt. Die Erstbeschreibung erfolgte 1850 durch Juan Lembeye unter dem wissenschaftlichen Namen Orthorhynchus helenæ. Er verwendete hierzu ein Manuskript von Gundlach.[4][A 1] Erst später wurde die Art der Gattung Mellisuga Brisson, 1760[5] zugeordnet. Das Wort leitet sich vom lateinischen »mel, mellis« für »Honig« und »sugere« für »saugen« ab.[6] Das Artepitheton ist Elena de Faz, die Frau des kubanischen Plantagenbesitzers Charles Booth, der mit Gundlach befreundet war, gewidmet. Elena de Faz starb 1850 an Cholera.[7]

Unterarten

Es sind keine Unterarten der Bienenelfe bekannt. Sie gilt als monotypisch.[9]

Literatur

  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  • Juan Lembeye: Aves de la isla de Cuba. Band 1. Imprenta del Tiempo, Havanna 1850 (biodiversitylibrary.org).
  • Mathurin-Jacques Brisson: Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés: a laquelle on a joint une description exacte de chaque espèce, avec les citations des auteurs qui en ont traité, les noms quils leur ont donnés, ceux que leur ont donnés les différentes nations, & les noms vulgaires. Band 1. Ad Ripam Augustinorum, apud Cl. Joannem-Baptistam Bauche, bibliopolam, ad Insigne S. Genovesae, & S. Joannis in Deserto, Paris 1760 (biodiversitylibrary.org).
  • Juan Gundlach: Zusätze und Berichtigungen zu den Beiträgen zur Ornithologie Cuba's. In: Journal für Ornithologie. Band 9, 1861, S. 401–416 (biodiversitylibrary.org).
  • Juan Gundlach: Notes on some Species of birds of the Island of Cuba. In: The Auk. Band 8, Nr. 2, 1891, S. 187–191 (sora.unm.edu [PDF; 497 kB]).

Einzelnachweise

  1. badische-zeitung.de: Die Bienenelfe legt die kleinsten Eier. Badische Zeitung, 15. April 2014. (20. April 2014)
  2. a b Bienenelfe. In: tierdoku.com. Abgerufen am 26. Juni 2012.
  3. Internet Bird Collection Bee Hummingbird
  4. Juan Lembeye, S. 70.
  5. Mathurin-Jacques Brisson, S. 40.
  6. James A. Jobling, S. 249.
  7. Johann Christoph Gundlach (1891), S. 187–188.
  8. Aves de la Isla de Cuba bei Cuba Museo.net
  9. IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
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Bienenelfe: Brief Summary ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Die Bienenelfe (Mellisuga helenae), auch Kubaelfe oder Hummelkolibri, auch Bienen- oder Elfenkolibri genannt, gilt als die kleinste Kolibriart und als der kleinste Vogel weltweit. Sie legt auch die kleinsten Vogeleier. Daneben wird oft die Zwergelfe (Mellisuga minima (Linnaeus, 1758)) als kleinste Art genannt.

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Kolibri bletë ( Albanian )

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 src=
Mashkulli në degë
 src=
Femra në fluturim
 src=
Kolibri bletë
Kubë
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Kolibri bletë
Kubë

Kolibri bletë (Anglisht: Bee hummingbird, Helena hummingbird; spanjisht: zunzuncito; Latin: Mellisuga helenae) është një specie e kolibrit i cili konsiderohet shpendi më i vogël në botë.[1]

Përshkrimi

Kolibri bletë është shpend i vogël. Femrat peshojnë 2.6 gram (0.092 oz) dhe janë 6.1 centimetra (2.4 in) të gjatë, dhe janë pak më të mëdha se sa meshkujt, me një mesatare të peshës prej 1.95 gram (0.069 oz) dhe gjatësi prej 5.5 centimetra (2.2 in).[2] Ashtu si na sugjeron edhe emri i saj sugjeron, ky është pak më i madhe se sa një bletë. Si të gjithë kolibrat tjerë, është një fluturues i shpejtë.

Gjatë sezonit të çiftëzimit, meshkujt kanë një njollë të kuqe deri në rozë, në kokë, mjekërr, dhe fyt. Femra jep vetëm dy vezë, secila me një madhësi sa një kokërr kafeje.

Ushqimi

Kolibri bletë ushqehet me rreth 10 specie bimore; nëntë prej të cilave janë shumë të përhapura në Kubë. Këto bimë përfshijnë Hamelia patens (Rubiaceae), Chrysobalanus icaco (Chrysobalanaceae), Pavonia paludicola (Malvaceae), Forsteronia corymbosa (Apocynaceae), Lysiloma latisiliquum (Mimosaceae), Turnera ulmifolia (Passifloraceae), Antigonon leptopus (Polygonaceae), Clerodendrum aculeatum (Verbenaceae), Tournefortia hirsutissima (Boraginaceae), dhe Cissus obovata (Vitaceae).

Shih edhe

Referime

  1. ^ Simon, Matt (10 korrik 2015). "Absurd Creature of the Week: The World's Tiniest Bird Weighs Less Than a Dime". Wired. Marrë më 8 mars 2017.
  2. ^ Adrienne Glick. "Mellisuga helenae". Animal Diversity Web. Marrë më 2017-06-19.

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Kolibri bletë: Brief Summary ( Albanian )

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 src= Mashkulli në degë  src= Femra në fluturim  src= Kolibri bletë
Kubë  src= Kolibri bletë
Kubë

Kolibri bletë (Anglisht: Bee hummingbird, Helena hummingbird; spanjisht: zunzuncito; Latin: Mellisuga helenae) është një specie e kolibrit i cili konsiderohet shpendi më i vogël në botë.

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Пчелесто колибри ( Macedonian )

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Пчелесто колибри (науч. Mellisuga helenae) — вид од семејството на колибријата (Trochilidae) и најмала птица во светот.[1][2]

Опис

Како најмала птица, ова колибри е мошне лесно. Женката тежи 2,6 г и долга е околу 6,1 см и е малку поголема од мажјакот, чија просечна тежина изнесува 1,95 г и има должина од 5,5 см.[3] Како што укажува самото име, птицата има слична големина на пчела. Како и сите колибрија, птицата е силен и спретен летач.

Мажјакот има зелена глава и црвено грло, гуша со прелеани бои и издолжено странично перје, сино во горните делови, додека статокот од подолните делови е претежно сивобел.[1][4] Женкатае нешто поголема. Таа е зелена горе, а белузлава долу, со бели врвови на опашните пердуви. Во споредба со другите мали колибрија, кои се тенки, пчелестото колибри има заоблен и набиен изглед.

Женките се синозелени со светлосива долна страна. Врвовите на опашката се просеани со бели точки. Во парната сезона, главата и грлото на мажјаците стануваат црвеникаво-розови. Женката несе по две јајца, секое со големина на зрно грашок.[1]

Силните прелеани бои на перјето на пчелестото колибри му дава изглед на скапоцен камен. Прелевањето не е секогаш забележливо, туку зависи од аголот на гледање. Тенкиот клун е приспособен за достигање на нектарот длабоко во цветовите, но птицата понекогаш јаде инсекти или пајаци, грабнувајќи ги со јазикот кој го испружува и вовлекува со голема брзина. Хранејќи се, птицата нафаќа полен на клунот и главата, пренесувајќи го на другите растенија кога лета од цвет на цвет. На овој начин, колибрито игра важна улога во размножувањето на растенијата. Во текот на еден ден, птицата може да посети до 1.500 цветови.[5]

Женката гради гнездо користејќи парчиња од пајажина, кора од дрва и лишаи, постелувајќи го со меки растителни влакна. Гнездото има облик на шолја, но со пречник од само 2,5 см. Квачењето и одгледувањето на младите го врши сама.

Исхрана

Се смета дека пчелестото колибри посетува до 10 видови растенија, од кои девет се ендемски во Куба. Тие се Hamelia patens (сем. бросови), Chrysobalanus icaco (сем. златосливи), Pavonia paludicola (сем. слезови), Forsteronia corymbosa (сем. кучешки чемери), Lysiloma latisiliquum (сем. мимози), Turnera ulmifolia (сем. часовничиња), Antigonon leptopus (сем. троскоти), Clerodendrum aculeatum (сем. врбинки), Tournefortia hirsutissima (сем. лисичинки), and Cissus obovata (сем. лози).[6]

Живеалиште и распространетост

Оваа птица е ендемски вид, и живее на целиот архипелаг на Куба, вклучувајќи го Островот на Младоста (Хувентуд) во Западните Инди.[3] Живее претежно на стрмните ридишта (моготе)[7], а поретко се среќава на Плаја Ларга кај мочуриштето Сапата,[8] и во западна Куба.[6]

Размножување

 src=
Страничен поглед на гнездо

Пчелестото колибри се размножува од март до јуни и полага по 2 јајца.[9]

Поврзано

Наводи

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 Simon, Matt (10 July 2015). „Absurd Creature of the Week: The World's Tiniest Bird Weighs Less Than a Dime“. Wired. конс. 8 March 2017.
  2. Dalsgaard, B; Martín González, A. M.; Olesen, J. M.; Ollerton, J; Timmermann, A; Andersen, L. H.; Tossas, A. G.. Plant-hummingbird interactions in the West Indies: Floral specialisation gradients associated with environment and hummingbird size. „Oecologia“ том 159 (4): 757–66. doi:10.1007/s00442-008-1255-z. PMID 19132403.
  3. 3,0 3,1 Adrienne Glick. „Mellisuga helenae“. Animal Diversity Web. конс. 2017-06-19.
  4. T. S. Schulenber, уред. (2010). „Bee Hummingbird, Mellisuga helenae. Ithaca, N.Y.: Neotropical Birds Online, Cornell University Laboratory of Ornithology. конс. 8 March 2017.
  5. Piper, Ross (2007). Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals'. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0313339226.
  6. 6,0 6,1 Dalsgaard, Bo, et al. "Floral traits of plants visited by the bee hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae)". Ornitologia Neotropical 23.1 (2012): 143–149.
  7. Ibarra, Elena. "Bird Surveys In The Mogote Vegetational Complex In The Sierra Del Infierno, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, June 2000". El Pitirre: 7.
  8. Garrido, O. H., & A. Kirkconnell. 2000. Field guide to the birds of Cuba. Cornell University Press, New York
  9. Martínez García, Orestes; Bacallao Mesa, Loraiza; Nieves Lorenzo, Elio. Estudio preliminar de la conducta reproductiva de Mellisuga helenae (Aves, Apodiformes) en condiciones naturales (на es). „El Pitirre“ (Winter): 102–106. https://eurekamag.com/research/038/567/038567451.php.

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Пчелесто колибри: Brief Summary ( Macedonian )

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Пчелесто колибри (науч. Mellisuga helenae) — вид од семејството на колибријата (Trochilidae) и најмала птица во светот.

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बी हमिङ्ग बर्ड ( Nepali )

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बी हमिङ्ग बर्ड वा जुनजुनसिटो (Zunzuncito) हमिङ्गबर्ड प्रजातिको चरा हो । यो चरा मुख्यतः क्युबाको आईसा डे ला जुवेनटुडमा पाइन्छ । बी हमिङ्ग बर्ड बिश्व कै सबैभन्दा सानो चरा हो, सामान्यतया यसको तौल १.८ ग्राम र लम्बाई ५ सेन्टीमिटर ( २ इन्च ) हुन्छ ।

विवरण

भाले बी हमिङ्ग बर्डको हरियो सिउर र रातो वा रानी रङ्गको घाँटी, शरीरको माथिल्लो भाग निलो-निलोतथा बाँकी शरीरको तल पट्टीको भाग खरानी-सेतो हुन्छ । भालेको आकार पोथीको भन्दा पनि सानो हुन्छ । पोथीको शरीरको माथिल्लो भागको रङ्ग निलो-हरियो, तल पट्टी भाग खरानी-सेतो हुन्छ र पुच्छरका प्वाँखहरू सेता थोप्ले हुन्छन् । बी हमिङ्ग बर्डले एक पटकमा २ वटा मात्र अण्डा पार्ने गर्छ ।

बी हमिङ्ग बर्ड लगभग ठुलो आकारको मौरी हुन्छ । अन्य हमिङ्ग बर्ड जस्तै यो चरा पनि तिब्र गतिमा उड्न सक्छ । यो चरा हेलिकप्टर जस्तो उड्दा उड्दै तल माथी वा पछाडी उड्न सक्छ । बी हमिङ्ग बर्डले आफ्नो पंखेटा एक सेकेण्डमा ८० पटक फट्फटाउन सक्छ । यसको पंखेटा फट्फटाउँदाको गति मानिसको सामान्य आँखाले देख्न सकिदैन । बी हमिङ्ग बर्डले फूलको रस खाने गर्छ र यस्को लागि एक दिनको समयमा लगभग १५०० सम्म फूलहरूमा चाहार्ने गर्छ ।

सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू

  1. BirdLife International (२०१६), "Mellisuga helenae", IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN) 2016: e.T२२६८८२१४A९३१८७६८२, डिओआई:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22688214A93187682.en, अन्तिम पहुँच ९ डिसेम्बर २०१७

बाह्य लिङ्कहरू

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बी हमिङ्ग बर्ड: Brief Summary ( Nepali )

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बी हमिङ्ग बर्ड वा जुनजुनसिटो (Zunzuncito) हमिङ्गबर्ड प्रजातिको चरा हो । यो चरा मुख्यतः क्युबाको आईसा डे ला जुवेनटुडमा पाइन्छ । बी हमिङ्ग बर्ड बिश्व कै सबैभन्दा सानो चरा हो, सामान्यतया यसको तौल १.८ ग्राम र लम्बाई ५ सेन्टीमिटर ( २ इन्च ) हुन्छ ।

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தேனி ஓசனிச்சிட்டு ( Tamil )

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தேனி ஓசனிச்சிட்டு (Bee Hummingbird, mellisuga helenae) என்ற பறவை இனம் ஓசனிச்சிட்டு என்ற வகையைச் சார்ந்ததாகும். இப்பறவை ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட சூழ்நிலைக்குள் வாழும் உயிரினம் ஆகும். இப்பறவை கியூபா நாட்டின் இரண்டாவது பெரிய தீவான ஐலா டீ லா ஜுவெண்டடு (Isla de la Juventud) பகுதியில் அடர்ந்த காடுகள் நிறைந்த முக்கிய தீவின் முகத்துவாரங்களில் அதிகமாக காணப்படும் ஒரு சிறிய பறவை இனம் ஆகும்.[2][3]

தன்மை

இப்பறவையின் எடை 2 கிராம் வரை இருக்கும். இதன் நீளம் பெண் 2 அங்குலம், ஆண் 1.75 அங்குலம் அளவுதான் இருக்கும். இப்பறவை நொடிக்கு 80 தடவைகள் இறக்கையை விரிக்கின்றன. இவை அதன் கூடுகளை சிலந்தியின் வலையைக்கொண்டு கட்டிக்கொள்கின்றன.இப்பறவைகளில் பெண்பறவை சிலந்திகளின் நூலாம்படையைக் கொண்டு அதோடு மரப்பட்டை, பச்சை பூஞ்சைகள் சேர்த்து 2.5 செ.மீ(1 அங்குலம்) கூடு கட்டும். இக்கூடு மென்மையான தாவர இலைகளில் கூடுகளைக்கட்டுகிறது. இதன் முட்டை பட்டாணி விதையை விட பெரியதாக இருக்கும். இதில் பெண் பறவை தனியாக அடைகாத்து குஞ்சு பொரிக்கும்.

உணவு

அகோர பசி கொண்ட இப்பறவைகள் சிலந்திகளையும், ஈக்களையும், தேனையும், மற்றும் மகரந்த துகள்களையும் உணவாக உண்டு வாழ்கின்றன.

தோற்றம்

இதன் உடல் பகுதி கணக்கிடமுடியாத வண்ணத்திலுள்ள நிறமாக இருக்கும். இதன் அலகு சிகப்பு நிறத்தில் காணப்படுகிறது.

மேற்கோள்கள்

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தேனி ஓசனிச்சிட்டு: Brief Summary ( Tamil )

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தேனி ஓசனிச்சிட்டு (Bee Hummingbird, mellisuga helenae) என்ற பறவை இனம் ஓசனிச்சிட்டு என்ற வகையைச் சார்ந்ததாகும். இப்பறவை ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட சூழ்நிலைக்குள் வாழும் உயிரினம் ஆகும். இப்பறவை கியூபா நாட்டின் இரண்டாவது பெரிய தீவான ஐலா டீ லா ஜுவெண்டடு (Isla de la Juventud) பகுதியில் அடர்ந்த காடுகள் நிறைந்த முக்கிய தீவின் முகத்துவாரங்களில் அதிகமாக காணப்படும் ஒரு சிறிய பறவை இனம் ஆகும்.

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Bee hummingbird

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The bee hummingbird, zunzuncito or Helena hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae) is a species of hummingbird, native to the island of Cuba in the Caribbean. It is the world's smallest bird.[3][4]

Description

The bee hummingbird is the smallest living bird.[3][4] Females weigh 2.6 g (0.092 oz) and are 6.1 cm (2+38 in) long, and are slightly larger than males, which have an average weight of 1.95 g (0.069 oz) and length of 5.5 cm (2+18 in).[3] Like all hummingbirds, it is a swift, strong flier.

The male has a green pileum and bright red throat, iridescent gorget with elongated lateral plumes, bluish upper parts, and the rest of the underparts mostly greyish white.[4][5] Compared to other small hummingbirds, which often have a slender appearance, the bee hummingbird looks rounded and plump.[5]

Female bee hummingbirds are bluish green with a pale gray underside.[5] The tips of their tail feathers have white spots. During the mating season, males have a reddish to pink head, chin, and throat. The female lays only two eggs at a time, each about the size of a coffee bean.[4]

The bee hummingbird's feathers have iridescent colors, which is not always noticeable, but depends on the viewing angle. The bird's slender, pointed bill is adapted for probing deep into flowers. The bee hummingbird feeds mainly on nectar, by moving its tongue rapidly in and out of its mouth. In the process of feeding, the bird picks up pollen on its bill and head. When it flies from flower to flower, it transfers the pollen. In this way, it plays an important role in plant reproduction. In one day, the bee hummingbird may visit 1,500 flowers.[6] It is a diurnal bird that can fly at 40–48 km/h (22–26 kn; 11–13 m/s), and it beats its wings 80–200 times per second, which allows it to remain stationary in the air to feed on flowers. The bee hummingbird lives up to seven years in the wild, and 10 years in captivity.[3]

The bee hummingbird has also been described as "the smallest dinosaur".[7] This characterization is based upon the recognition that birds are, in fact, a living form of dinosaurs (or, strictly speaking, avian dinosaurs),[8] and no smaller bird or non-avian dinosaur has been found in the fossil record.[7]

Diet

Bee hummingbird feeding on a flower

The bee hummingbird has been reported to visit ten plant species, nine of them native to Cuba. These flowers include Hamelia patens (Rubiaceae), Chrysobalanus icaco (Chrysobalanaceae), Pavonia paludicola (Malvaceae), Forsteronia corymbosa (Apocynaceae), Lysiloma latisiliquum (Mimosaceae), Turnera ulmifolia (Passifloraceae), Antigonon leptopus (Polygonaceae), Clerodendrum aculeatum (Verbenaceae), Tournefortia hirsutissima (Boraginaceae), and Cissus obovata (Vitaceae).[9] They occasionally eat insects and spiders. In a typical day, bee hummingbirds will consume up to half their body weight in food.

Habitat and distribution

The bee hummingbird is endemic to the entire Cuban archipelago, including the main island of Cuba and the Isla de la Juventud in the West Indies.[3][10] Its population is fragmented; it is found in Cuba's mogote areas in Pinar del Río Province[11] and more commonly in Zapata Swamp (Matanzas Province) and in eastern Cuba, with reference localities in Alexander Humboldt National Park and Baitiquirí Ecological Reserve (Guantánamo Province) and Gibara and Sierra Cristal (Holguín Province).[12]

Breeding

Side view of the nest

Male bee hummingbirds court females with sound from tail‐feathers, which flutter during display dives.[13] The bee hummingbird's breeding season is March–June, with the female laying one or two eggs.[14]

Using strands of cobwebs, bark, and lichen, female bee hummingbirds build a cup-shaped nest about 2.5 cm (1 in) in diameter, lining the nest with soft plant fibers. Branches in mature, leafy jucaro (Terminalia buceras) and juvenile ocuje (Calophyllum antillanum) trees are commonly used for nest building. After completion of the nest, the eggs are incubated for 21 days by only the female, followed by 2 days of hatching, and 18 days of care by the mother. Over the final 4–5 days of care, juvenile bee hummingbirds practice their flight capabilities. The nests are used only once.[14]

Coevolution with flowers

The bee hummingbird's interaction with the flowers that supply nectar is a notable example of bird–plant coevolution with its primary food source (flowers for nectar).[4][10]

See also

References

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2021). "Mellisuga helenae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T22688214A178593744. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22688214A178593744.en. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Archived from the original on 4 February 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e Glick, Adrienne. "Mellisuga helenae". Animal Diversity Web. Archived from the original on 8 May 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d e Simon, Matt (10 July 2015). "Absurd Creature of the Week: The World's Tiniest Bird Weighs Less Than a Dime". Wired. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
  5. ^ a b c Chai, Peng; Kirwan, Guy M. (4 March 2020). "Bee Hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae)". In Del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David; De Juana, Eduardo (eds.). Bee Hummingbird, Mellisuga helenae. Neotropical Birds Online, Cornell University Laboratory of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.beehum1.01. S2CID 216294824. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
  6. ^ Piper, Ross (2007). Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals'. Greenwood Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-0313339226.
  7. ^ a b Norell, Mark; Dingus, Lowell; Gaffney, Eugene (1995). Discovering dinosaurs: evolution, extinction, and the lessons of prehistory. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-520-22501-5.
  8. ^ Chiappe, Luis M. (2009). "Downsized Dinosaurs: The Evolutionary Transition to Modern Birds". Evolution: Education and Outreach. 2 (2): 248–256. doi:10.1007/s12052-009-0133-4.
  9. ^ Dalsgaard, Bo (2012). "Floral traits of plants visited by the bee hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae)" (PDF). Ornitologia Neotropical. 23 (1): 143–149. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
  10. ^ a b Dalsgaard, B; Martín González, A. M.; Olesen, J. M.; Ollerton, J; Timmermann, A; Andersen, L. H.; Tossas, A. G. (2009). "Plant-hummingbird interactions in the West Indies: Floral specialisation gradients associated with environment and hummingbird size". Oecologia. 159 (4): 757–66. Bibcode:2009Oecol.159..757D. doi:10.1007/s00442-008-1255-z. PMID 19132403. S2CID 35922888. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
  11. ^ Ibarra, Elena (2002). "Bird Surveys In The Mogote Vegetational Complex In The Sierra Del Infierno, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, June 2000". El Pitirre. 15 (1): 7–15. Archived from the original on 27 June 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
  12. ^ Navarro, Nils (2015). Endemic Birds of Cuba. A Comprehensive Field Guide. Ediciones Nuevos Mundos. pp. 56–57. ISBN 978-0-9909419-1-0.
  13. ^ Clark, Christopher J.; McGuire, Jimmy A.; Bonaccorso, Elisa; Berv, Jacob S.; Prum, Richard O. (2018). "Complex coevolution of wing, tail, and vocal sounds of courting male bee hummingbirds". Evolution. 72 (3): 630–646. doi:10.1111/evo.13432. ISSN 1558-5646. PMID 29380351.
  14. ^ a b Martínez García, Orestes; Bacallao Mesa, Loraiza; Nieves Lorenzo, Elio (1998). "Estudio preliminar de la conducta reproductiva de Mellisuga helenae (Aves, Apodiformes) en condiciones naturales" [Preliminary study on the reproductive behaviour of Mellisuga helenae (Aves, Apodiformes) in natural conditions]. El Pitirre (in Spanish). 11 (Winter): 102–106. Archived from the original on 15 January 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2017.

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Bee hummingbird: Brief Summary

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The bee hummingbird, zunzuncito or Helena hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae) is a species of hummingbird, native to the island of Cuba in the Caribbean. It is the world's smallest bird.

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Mellisuga helenae ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El zunzuncito, colibrí zunzuncito,[2]pájaro mosca, o elfo de las abejas (Mellisuga helenae) es la especie más pequeña de los colibríes y de las aves en general. Habita sólo en Cuba.

Fue descubierto por el naturalista y científico alemán Juan Cristóbal Gundlach en 1844. Se dio a conocer por primera vez en el libro "Las Aves de Cuba", escrito por el naturalista y profesor gallego Juan Lembeye en 1850. El nombre científico Mellisuga hace referencia a sus costumbres de succionar miel o néctar, y helenae a Helena Booth, esposa de Carlos Booth, el compañero de estudios de Gundlach en Alemania, que invitó y alojó a este en Cuba para estudiar la fauna del país.

Descripción

 src=
Nido con pinchones dentro.

El macho, de menor tamaño que la hembra, tiene la cabeza y el cuello de color rojo vivo, la espalda y las alas de un tono azul metálico, y el pecho y abdomen blancos grisáceos. La hembra, en cambio, tiene una coloración verde azulada con blanco en pecho y abdomen, y posee manchas blancas en la punta de la cola. Mide alrededor de 5.5 - 6.1 cm del pico a la cola, y pesa aproximadamente 1,8 g. Su nido mide apenas 3 cm de diámetro, por lo cual es el menor de todos los nidos de pájaros. El macho de la especie es el animal vertebrado de sangre caliente de menor tamaño del mundo. Es más probable confundirlo con una abeja que con un pájaro, debido a su pequeño tamaño.

En vuelo agita sus alas unas 80 veces por segundo, lo que le permite permanecer en el aire en una misma posición durante mucho tiempo; de esta forma es capaz de succionar el néctar de las flores, sin la necesidad de apoyarse en estas, o en ramas. Durante el apareamiento agita las alas hasta 200 veces por segundo. Su pico es negro y muy fino; la lengua es roja oscura, extremadamente fina y larga, la cual introduce dentro de las flores para alimentarse. Posee el segundo ritmo cardíaco más rápido de todos los animales, y es el ave con la menor cantidad de plumas. Su temperatura corporal es de 40 °C, la más alta de todas las aves, mientras que durante la noche desciende hasta los 19 °C para ahorrar energía. El zunzuncito consume la mitad de su peso en alimento y hasta 8 veces su peso en agua durante un día. Su alimentación se basa fundamentalmente en néctar e insectos.

El zunzuncito puede ser encontrado en bosques, bosque bajo y jardines en la isla de Cuba y la Isla de la Juventud.[1]

 src=
Ilustración de John Gould.

Véase también

Referencias

  1. a b BirdLife International (2008). «Mellisuga helenae». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2010.4 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 25 de abril de 2011.
  2. Bernis, F; De Juana, E; Del Hoyo, J; Fernández-Cruz, M; Ferrer, X; Sáez-Royuela, R; Sargatal, J (2000). «Nombres en castellano de las aves del mundo recomendados por la Sociedad Española de Ornitología (Quinta parte: Strigiformes, Caprimulgiformes y Apodiformes)». Ardeola. Handbook of the Birds of the World (Madrid: SEO/BirdLife) 47 (1): 123-130. ISSN 0570-7358. Consultado el 1 de septiembre de 2011.

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Mellisuga helenae: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El zunzuncito, colibrí zunzuncito,​ pájaro mosca, o elfo de las abejas (Mellisuga helenae) es la especie más pequeña de los colibríes y de las aves en general. Habita sólo en Cuba.

Fue descubierto por el naturalista y científico alemán Juan Cristóbal Gundlach en 1844. Se dio a conocer por primera vez en el libro "Las Aves de Cuba", escrito por el naturalista y profesor gallego Juan Lembeye en 1850. El nombre científico Mellisuga hace referencia a sus costumbres de succionar miel o néctar, y helenae a Helena Booth, esposa de Carlos Booth, el compañero de estudios de Gundlach en Alemania, que invitó y alojó a este en Cuba para estudiar la fauna del país.

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Kimalaskoolibri ( Estonian )

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Kimalaskoolibri (Mellisuga helenae) on koolibrilaste sugukonda kuuluv maailma väikseim linnuliik.

Välimus

Isaslind kaalub kõigest 1,6 grammi. Ta on roheline, hallikasvalge kõhualusega, küütleva tulipunase pea ja särava kraega.

Emaslinnud on pisut suuremad ja kaaluvad 2 grammi. Nende kael ja pea ei ole nii küütlevad.

Toitumine

Kimalaskoolibrid toituvad peamiselt nektarist, koguvad seda horisontaalasendis ja torkavad oma lühikese sirge noka iga õie sisse.

Ühe 2012. aasta uurimuse järgi toituvad kimalaskoolibrid kümne taimeliigi esindajatelt korjatud nektarist. Neist taimedest kaks kasvavad ainult Kuubal.[1]

Paljunemine

Munad on 6 mm pikkused, herneterast väiksemad. Esmaslind muneb nad enda ehitatud umbes 2,5 cm läbimõõduga pessa. Järglaste kasvatamisel osaleb ainult emaslind.

Viited

  1. Dalsgaard, Bo, et al. "Floral traits of plants visited by the bee hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae)." Ornitologia Neotropical 23.1 (2012): 143–149.
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Kimalaskoolibri: Brief Summary ( Estonian )

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Kimalaskoolibri (Mellisuga helenae) on koolibrilaste sugukonda kuuluv maailma väikseim linnuliik.

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Mellisuga helenae ( Basque )

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Mellisuga helenae Mellisuga generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Trochilidae familian sailkatua dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)BirdLife International (2012) Species factsheet. www.birdlife.org webgunetitik jaitsia 2012/05/07an
  2. (Ingelesez) IOC Master List

Ikus, gainera

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Mellisuga helenae: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Mellisuga helenae Mellisuga generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Trochilidae familian sailkatua dago.

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Kimalaiskolibri ( Finnish )

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Kimalaiskolibri (Mellisuga helenae) on maailman pienin lintu. Se painaa noin 1,6 grammaa (vähemmän kuin sentin eurokolikko[2]) ja on 5,7 cm pitkä. Nimensä kimalaiskolibri on saanut pienuutensa vuoksi, sillä kokonsa takia ne usein sekoitetaan mehiläiseen tai kimalaisiin. Kimalaiskolibreja esiintyy enimmäkseen Kuubassa.

Kimalaiskolibrit pystyvät lentämään paikallaan kuten muutkin kolibrit. Kimalaiskolibrit räpyttävät siipiään 80 kertaa sekunnissa, mutta kosiskelumenojen aikana ne voivat räpytellä jopa 200 kertaa sekunnissa. Kimalaiskolibrin syke voi olla jopa 1 000 kertaa minutissa.

Kimalaiskolibrin muna painaa vain noin puoli grammaa. Sillä on kaikista linnuista vähiten höyheniä ja sen ruumiinlämpö on 40 °C, joka on lintulajeista korkein. Yöllä kimalaiskolibrin ruumiinlämpö laskee energian säästämiseksi 19 °C:een.

Koiraalla on punertava kaula sekä sinertävä kurkku, joka on sivuilta helmiäisvärinen. Alaosa on yleensä harmahtavan valkoinen. Naaraat ovat yleensä yläpuoleltaan sinertävän vihreitä ja alaosaltaan vaaleita tai harmahtavia.

 src=
Kimalaiskolibrin levinneisyys.

Lähteet

  1. BirdLife International: Mellisuga helenae IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. 2012. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 5.4.2014. (englanniksi)
  2. Eurosetelit ja -kolikot Euroopan keskuspankki. Viitattu 13.12.2007.
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Kimalaiskolibri: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

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Kimalaiskolibri (Mellisuga helenae) on maailman pienin lintu. Se painaa noin 1,6 grammaa (vähemmän kuin sentin eurokolikko) ja on 5,7 cm pitkä. Nimensä kimalaiskolibri on saanut pienuutensa vuoksi, sillä kokonsa takia ne usein sekoitetaan mehiläiseen tai kimalaisiin. Kimalaiskolibreja esiintyy enimmäkseen Kuubassa.

Kimalaiskolibrit pystyvät lentämään paikallaan kuten muutkin kolibrit. Kimalaiskolibrit räpyttävät siipiään 80 kertaa sekunnissa, mutta kosiskelumenojen aikana ne voivat räpytellä jopa 200 kertaa sekunnissa. Kimalaiskolibrin syke voi olla jopa 1 000 kertaa minutissa.

Kimalaiskolibrin muna painaa vain noin puoli grammaa. Sillä on kaikista linnuista vähiten höyheniä ja sen ruumiinlämpö on 40 °C, joka on lintulajeista korkein. Yöllä kimalaiskolibrin ruumiinlämpö laskee energian säästämiseksi 19 °C:een.

Koiraalla on punertava kaula sekä sinertävä kurkku, joka on sivuilta helmiäisvärinen. Alaosa on yleensä harmahtavan valkoinen. Naaraat ovat yleensä yläpuoleltaan sinertävän vihreitä ja alaosaltaan vaaleita tai harmahtavia.

 src= Kimalaiskolibrin levinneisyys.
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Colibri d'Elena ( French )

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Mellisuga helenae

Le Colibri d'Elena (Mellisuga helenae), colibri d'Helen, ou colibri-abeille, est une espèce d'oiseau de la famille des Trochilidae. Ce nom lui a été donné en l'honneur d'Elena Booth, l'épouse d'un ami de Juan Gundlach (1810-1896), naturaliste allemand qui a séjourné pendant plusieurs années à Cuba. D'après Alan P. Peterson, c'est une espèce monotypique.

Avec une longueur totale de 5 à 6 cm et un poids de 1,6 à 1,9 gramme, le mâle de cette espèce est le plus petit de tous les oiseaux[1]. La femelle a un poids de 2 grammes et pond possiblement les plus petits œufs amniotiques au monde, bien qu'il n'y ait aucune certitude à ce sujet[2].

Description

 src=
Colibri d'Elena.

Le mâle adulte a la tête et la gorge rouge étincelant, et un collier iridescent aux plumes latérales allongées. Le reste de son plumage est bleuâtre dessus et blanc grisâtre dessous. Il a la queue légèrement échancrée. La femelle, un peu plus grande que le mâle, est verte dessus et blanchâtre dessous. Les plumes latérales de sa queue arrondie ont l’extrémité blanche. L’immature est semblable à la femelle.

Habitats

Cet oiseau-mouche vit dans les bois, les marécages, les massifs d’arbustes et les jardins ; on le rencontre à l’occasion en milieu assez ouvert, mais il a généralement besoin de végétation mature avec un enchevêtrement touffu de lianes et riche en épiphytes.

Alimentation

Il se nourrit principalement de nectar. Il prend aussi de petits insectes ; les jeunes laissés seuls au nid quand la femelle est partie s’alimenter capturent et mangent les petits insectes qui viennent à leur portée.

Reproduction

Le colibri d'Elena niche de mars à juin. Son nid est généralement placé à une hauteur moyenne de 3,50 m sur une fine branche ; il se compose de fibres végétales sèches, est garni intérieurement de laine végétale et décoré à l’extérieur de lichens. Habituellement, il est partiellement dissimulé par le feuillage qui le surplombe ; sa construction, par la femelle seule, dure une dizaine de jours. La ponte se compose de deux œufs, pondus à un jour d’intervalle. L’incubation prend 21 ou 22 jours. Les jeunes, rouge foncé et nus, éclosent avec un décalage d’un jour ; ils sont nourris et couvés par la femelle. Les jeunes sont complètement emplumés à l’âge de 13 ou 14 jours, et s’entraînent alors au vol pendant 4 ou 5 jours ; ils quittent le nid à l’âge de 18 jours environ.

Répartition et populations

 src=
Répartition de l'espèce.

Ce colibri vit à Cuba et sur l’île de la Jeunesse. On pense qu’en règle générale il est sédentaire, bien que des individus erratiques aient été vus à Providenciales (îles Caicos) et aux Bahamas.

Ses populations sont en net déclin, probablement à cause de pertes d’habitat, l’espèce semblant très dépendante des forêts matures. Cet oiseau se rencontrait jadis partout à Cuba et sur l’île des Pins, mais ne survivrait plus actuellement que dans quelques régions.

Notes et références

  1. Encyclopédie Universalis article « colibri ».
  2. D.R. Khanna, Biology of Birds, Discovery Publishing House, 2005. p. 132.

Références externes

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Colibri d'Elena: Brief Summary ( French )

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Mellisuga helenae

Le Colibri d'Elena (Mellisuga helenae), colibri d'Helen, ou colibri-abeille, est une espèce d'oiseau de la famille des Trochilidae. Ce nom lui a été donné en l'honneur d'Elena Booth, l'épouse d'un ami de Juan Gundlach (1810-1896), naturaliste allemand qui a séjourné pendant plusieurs années à Cuba. D'après Alan P. Peterson, c'est une espèce monotypique.

Avec une longueur totale de 5 à 6 cm et un poids de 1,6 à 1,9 gramme, le mâle de cette espèce est le plus petit de tous les oiseaux. La femelle a un poids de 2 grammes et pond possiblement les plus petits œufs amniotiques au monde, bien qu'il n'y ait aucune certitude à ce sujet.

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Mellisuga helenae ( Italian )

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Il colibrì di Elena (Mellisuga helenae (Lembeye, 1850)) è un uccello della famiglia Trochilidae, endemico di Cuba[1][2].

Descrizione

È considerato l'uccello più piccolo del mondo: i maschi misurano in media 5,5 cm e pesano 1,95 g, mentre le femmine raggiungono 6,12 cm e un peso di 2,6 g. L'apertura alare media è di 3,25 cm[3].

Biologia

Hanno una dieta prevalentemente nettarivora e, in misura minore, insettivora[3].

Distribuzione e habitat

Mellisuga helenae è endemico di Cuba. Vive principalmente nelle aree forestali e ai margini dei boschi. Un tempo comune in tutta l'isola, il suo habitat originario è stato progressivamente soppiantato dalle piantagioni di cacao, caffè e tabacco, per cui attualmente ha un areale molto frammentato che include L'Avana, la Sierra de Anafe, la penisola di Guanahacabibes, la palude di Zapata, Jucaro, Moa, la Cuchillas de Toa, la Sierra Cristal, Mayarí e Guantánamo[1].

Conservazione

La progressiva distruzione del suo habitat ha portato negli ultimi anni ad un rapido declino della popolazione. Per tali ragioni la IUCN Red List classifica M. helenae come specie prossima alla minaccia di estinzione (Near Threatened)[1].

La specie è inserita nell'Appendice II della Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES)[4].

Note

  1. ^ a b c d (EN) BirdLife International 2016, Mellisuga helenae, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020. URL consultato il 2 luglio 2018.
  2. ^ (EN) Gill F. and Donsker D. (eds), Family Trochilidae, in IOC World Bird Names (ver 9.2), International Ornithologists’ Union, 2019. URL consultato il 2 luglio 2018.
  3. ^ a b (EN) Adrienne Glick, ADW: Mellisuga helenae: INFORMATION, su Alaine Camfield e Randall L. Morrison (a cura di), AnimalDiversity.org, 2004. URL consultato il 2 luglio 2018.
  4. ^ (EN) CITES - Appendices I, II and III (PDF), in Convention On International Trade In Endangered Species Of Wild Fauna And Flora, International Environment House, 2011 (archiviato dall'url originale il 4 agosto 2012).

Bibliografia

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Mellisuga helenae: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Il colibrì di Elena (Mellisuga helenae (Lembeye, 1850)) è un uccello della famiglia Trochilidae, endemico di Cuba.

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Bijkolibrie ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Vogels

De bijkolibrie of zunzuncito (Mellisuga helenae) is de kleinste vogel ter wereld.[2] Het is een voor uitsterven gevoelige, endemische vogelsoort op Cuba.

 src=
Illustratie uit 1861 uit A monograph of the Trochilidae, or family of humming-birds deel 3 van John Gould. Hierop staan de mannetjes afgebeeld.

Kenmerken

Deze kolibrie is 5 tot 6 cm lang. Het gewicht ligt tussen de 1,6 en 2,6 gram; het vrouwtje weegt 0,5 gram meer dan het mannetje. Het mannetje is de lichtste vogel die er is. Het mannetje is groen met grijswitte onderdelen en heeft een iriserende vuurrode kop en keelvlek. De veren van deze vuurrode keelvlek zijn verlengd en kunnen worden opgezet. Het vrouwtje mist deze iriserende veren op de kop en de hals. Onvolwassen vogels lijken op het vrouwtje. De snavel is matzwart en recht. De vogel is van boven blauwachtig tot grijs.[2]

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Geografische verspreiding

De soort komt alleen maar voor op nog een paar plaatsen in Cuba waaronder de provincie Ciudad de La Habana, het uiterst westelijk gelegen schiereiland Guanahacabibes, het berggebied Cuchillas de Toa, de omgeving van Mayarí en het kustgebied van Guantánamo. Vroeger was de vogel veel algemener en kwam ook nog voor op het eiland Isla de la Juventud.

Leefwijze

Het leefgebied bestaat uit terrein met bos en struikgewas en tuinen, soms in vrij open landschap met een voorkeur voor bosranden van natuurlijk, dicht bos met struikgewas en ontwikkeld bos waarin slingerplanten en epifyten voorkomen.

Bijkolibries eten vooral nectar, ze zweven voor een bloem en duwen hun korte, rechte snaveltje in de bloemkelk. Ze vangen in de vlucht ook insecten.

Voortplanting

De eieren van de bijkolibrie zijn slechts 6 mm lang, wat kleiner is dan een erwt.

Status

De bijkolibrie heeft een sterk versnipperd verspreidingsgebied en daardoor is de kans op uitsterven aanwezig. De grootte van de populatie is (nog) niet gekwantificeerd, maar de vogel is schaarser geworden. Het leefgebied wordt aangetast door ontbossing waarbij natuurlijk bos wordt omgezet in gebied voor agrarisch gebruik zoals de teelt van cacao, koffie en tabak. Om deze redenen staat deze soort als gevoelig op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN.[1]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. a b (en) Bijkolibrie op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. a b (en) J. Del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, Handbook of the Birds of the World deel 5, 1999.
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Bijkolibrie: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De bijkolibrie of zunzuncito (Mellisuga helenae) is de kleinste vogel ter wereld. Het is een voor uitsterven gevoelige, endemische vogelsoort op Cuba.

 src= Illustratie uit 1861 uit A monograph of the Trochilidae, or family of humming-birds deel 3 van John Gould. Hierop staan de mannetjes afgebeeld.
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Bikolibri ( Norwegian )

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Bikolibri (Mellisuga helenae) er den minste av alle fuglar i verda, omtrent som ei stor bie i storleik. Han har ein medels masse på ca. 1,8 g og er ca. 5 cm lang. Denne kolibriarten er endemisk til Cuba, han finst òg på den cubanske øya Isla de la Juventud. På Cuba er han kjent som zunzuncito.

Skildring

 src=
Umoden hannfugl
Foto: Charles J Sharp

Hannen har strupe, panne og hovud i kraftig grøn farge, iriserande krage med forlenga fjør ned på begge sidene av strupen. Oversida er blåleg, resten av undersida er lys grå til kvit. Hoa er blågrøn med lyst i bryst og undersida. Dessutan har ho kvite flekker på enden av ytre halefjøra. Unge hannar liknar hoa, men manglar kvitt på halefjøra. I hekkedrakt har hannfuglar iaugefallande rosa til raud farge i panne, på hovud og i nakke, og er iriserande metallisk blå på rygg og venger. Som for andre kolibriar er dei iriserande fargene i fjøra ikkje alltid synlege. Effekten er avhengig av vinkelen mellom observatør, fugl og lyskjelde.

Lengda er ca. 5 centimeter frå nebbspiss til halespiss og gjennomsnittleg vekt er ca. 1,8 gram. Dette er også det minste varmblodige virveldyr. På grunn av storleiken kan bikolibriar lett forvekslast med bier. Frekvensen på vengeslaga er rundt 80 gongar i sekundet. Dette held fuglen stille i lufta framføre blomar som han beitar på. Det svarte nebbet er særs tynt, tunga er ekstremt tynn og relativt lang. Kroppstemperaturen er 40 °C, men om natta går han ned til 19 °C for å spare energi.

Desse fuglane er slanke med rett nebb utforma for å trengje djupt inn i blomar. Med tunga forma som eit langt røyr syg fuglen opp nektar - og no og då også insekt og edderkoppar - akkurat som om tunga var eit sugerøyr. I denne prosessen får fuglen blomsterpollen på nebb og hovud og spreier det til andre blomar. På denne måten spelar han ei vektig rolle i reproduksjon av planten. Bikolibrien konsumerer dagleg mat som svarar til halvparten kroppsvekta og drikk opptil 8 gongar si eiga vekt i vatn pr. dag.

Hoa av bikolibrien byggjer eit skålforma reir av bitar av spindelvev, bork og lav. Egga er mindre enn kaffibønner. Ho rugar aleine i 21 eller 22 dagar. Ungane har fått fjørdrakt etter 13 til 14 dagar og flyg ut av reiret ca. 18 dagar gamle.

Populasjonen minkar, sannsynlegvis på grunn av tap av habitat. Arten synest å vere avhengig av moden skog.

Kjelder

Bakgrunnsstoff

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Bikolibri: Brief Summary ( Norwegian )

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Bikolibri (Mellisuga helenae) er den minste av alle fuglar i verda, omtrent som ei stor bie i storleik. Han har ein medels masse på ca. 1,8 g og er ca. 5 cm lang. Denne kolibriarten er endemisk til Cuba, han finst òg på den cubanske øya Isla de la Juventud. På Cuba er han kjent som zunzuncito.

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Bikolibri ( Norwegian )

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Bikolibri (Mellisuga helenae) er én av kun to arter i slekten Mellisuga, som tilhører gruppen med typiske kolibrier i kolibrifamilien. Arten er endemisk for Cuba og Isla de la Juventud og hannene regnes som verdens minste jevnvarme dyr.

Bikolibrien veier kun omkring 1,6–2,6 g og blir cirka 5–6 cm lang, og hannen er minst. I hjemlandet er den kjent som «zunzuncito», men i Norge kaller vi den altså bikolibri, siden den er så liten at den kan minne om bier.[1]

Bikolibri ble beskrevet av naturhistorikeren og taksonomen Juan Gundlach i 1844. Den ble skrevet om for første gang i Las Aves de Cuba (Cubas fugler) av Juan Lembeye i 1850.

Beskrivelse

 src=
Bikolibri (hann)
(M. helenae)
Foto: Charles J Sharp, 2019
 src=
Bikolibri (hunn)
(M. helenae)
Foto: Charles J Sharp, 2019

Hannen har strupe, panne og hode i kraftig grønn farge, iriserende krage med fjær som er forlenget ned på begge sidene av strupen. Oversiden er blåfarget, mens resten av undersiden er lys grå til hvit. Hunnen er blågrønn med noe lyst i bryst og underside. Dessuten har hun hvite flekker på enden av de ytre halefjærene. I hekkedrakt har hannfugler iøynefallende rosa til rød farge i panne, på hode og i nakke, og er iriserende metallisk blå på rygg og vinger. Som for andre kolibrier er de iriserende fargene i fjærene ikke alltid synlige. Effekten er avhengig av vinkelen mellom observatør, fugl og lyskilde. Det svarte, halvlange rettenebbet er tynt, og tungen tilsvarende lang og kløftet ytterst på tuppen, for best mulig næringsopptak. Kroppstemperaturen ligger rundt 41 °C om dagen, men den senkes om natta for å spare energi.

Hannen er litt mindre enn hunnen. Arten måler cirka 5–6 cm fra tuppen av nebbet til enden av stjerten, og gjennomsnittsvekten er cirka 1,8 g. Vingene slår med cirka 80 slag/sek når fuglene flyr. Dette er nok til at fuglen kan henge stille i lufta foran blomster som den henter nektar fra, omtrent som bier og vepser.[1]

Med tungen formet som et langt rør suger fuglen opp nektar, som om tungen var et sugerør. I denne prosessen får fuglen blomsterpollen på nebb og hode, som når den besøker andre blomster pollinerer disse med. På denne måten spiller fuglen en viktig rolle i reproduksjon av planten. Bikolibrien konsumerer daglig nektar tilsvarende halve kroppsvekten. Den drikker også inntil åtte ganger sin egen vekt med vann.

Hunnen bygger et skålformet reir av spindelvev, bark og lav, som regel 3–5 m over bakken og godt skjult i vegetasjonen. Konstruksjonen av redet tar cirka 10 dager. Eggene er mindre enn kaffebønner og hunnen ruger dem alene i 21–22 dager. Ungene får fjærdrakt etter 13–14 dager og flyr ut av reiret etter cirka 18 dager.[1]

Bikolibrien er trolig standfugl. Populasjonen minker, sannsynligvis på grunn av tap av habitat. Arten ser ut til å være avhengig av moden skog. Arten står på CITES liste II.

Referanser

  1. ^ a b c Chai, P., Kirwan, G.M. & Boesman, P. (2016). Bee Hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.

Eksterne lenker

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Bikolibri: Brief Summary ( Norwegian )

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Bikolibri (Mellisuga helenae) er én av kun to arter i slekten Mellisuga, som tilhører gruppen med typiske kolibrier i kolibrifamilien. Arten er endemisk for Cuba og Isla de la Juventud og hannene regnes som verdens minste jevnvarme dyr.

Bikolibrien veier kun omkring 1,6–2,6 g og blir cirka 5–6 cm lang, og hannen er minst. I hjemlandet er den kjent som «zunzuncito», men i Norge kaller vi den altså bikolibri, siden den er så liten at den kan minne om bier.

Bikolibri ble beskrevet av naturhistorikeren og taksonomen Juan Gundlach i 1844. Den ble skrevet om for første gang i Las Aves de Cuba (Cubas fugler) av Juan Lembeye i 1850.

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Koliberek hawański ( Polish )

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Koliberek hawański, hawańczyk[3] (Mellisuga helenae) – gatunek małego ptaka z rodziny kolibrowatych (Trochilidae). Jest najmniejszym ptakiem występującym na kuli ziemskiej.

Zasięg występowania

Występuje endemicznie na Kubie. Całkowity zasięg występowania szacowany jest na 109 000 km². Środowisko życia stanowią lasy oraz ich obrzeża z licznymi krzewami[4].

Morfologia

Długość ciała wynosi około 6,3 cm, z czego 1,2 cm przypada na dziób, zaś 1,5 cm na ogon. Skrzydło mierzy 2,9 cm. U samca wierzch ciała zielononiebieski, połyskliwy, na karku bardziej zielonawy, zaś na pokrywach nadogonowych bardziej niebieskawy. Głowa i gardło połyskujące, szkarłatne. Spód ciała białawy, boki zielonkawe. Sterówki niebieskozielone, opalizujące. Dziób czarny. Samica posiada ciemniejszą głowę, szarą plamkę pod okiem, od spodu szarawa[5]. Masa ciała wynosi 1,6-1,9 grama[6].

Lęgi

Okres lęgowy trwa od marca do czerwca. Gniazdo z cienkich patyczków spojone jest pajęczyną i porostami, buduje je samica. W lęgu 2 jaja, o długości nieprzekraczającej 6 mm. Inkubacja trwa 22 dni. Wysiaduje jedynie samica. Młodymi opiekuje się również ona; opuszczają gniazdo po 18 dniach od wyklucia[6].

Przypisy

  1. Mellisuga helenae, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Mellisuga helenae. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
  3. koliberek hawanski (Mellisuga helenae) (Lembeye, 1850) (pol.). Avibase. [dostęp 4 października 2009].
  4. Bee Hummingbird Mellisuga helenae. BirdLife International. [dostęp 22 grudnia 2013].
  5. Osbert Salvin & Ernst Hartert: Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum. T. 16. Picariae. 1892, s. 406.
  6. a b Bee hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae). ARKive. [dostęp 22 grudnia 2013].
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Koliberek hawański: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Koliberek hawański, hawańczyk (Mellisuga helenae) – gatunek małego ptaka z rodziny kolibrowatych (Trochilidae). Jest najmniejszym ptakiem występującym na kuli ziemskiej.

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Mellisuga helenae ( Portuguese )

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O colibri-abelha-cubano ou beija-flor-abelha (Mellisuga helenae) é uma espécie de beija-flor endêmica de Cuba e da Ilha da Juventude. É a menor ave do mundo medindo cerca de 5,7 centímetros e pesa aproximadamente 1,6 gramas, segundo o Guinness World Records.[1][2] Também é chamado de beija-flor-zumbidor e zunzuncito.

Dimorfismo sexual

O macho tem o píleo verde e a garganta vermelha, com plumas laterais alongadas, a parte superior é azulada, e nas partes inferiores restantes são principalmente brancas ou acinzentadas. O macho é menor que a fêmea. A fêmea é verde na parte superior, e branca na parte inferior.

Ninho

Usando pedaços de teias de aranha, cascas e líquens, a fêmea constrói um ninho em forma de taça que é apenas cerca de 2,5 cm de diâmetro. Ela forra o ninho com fibras de plantas. Neste ninho, ela põe seus ovos, que são do tamanho de ervilhas. Ela só incuba os ovos e põe apenas dois ovos por vez.

Polinização

O beija-flor abelha se alimenta principalmente de néctar. Com uma língua a forma de um tubo longo, o pássaro suga o néctar e o pólen gruda em seu bico ou na plumagem. Quando voa de flor em flor, ele transfere o pólen. Desta forma, ela desempenha um papel importante na reprodução das plantas. No espaço de um dia, o beija-flor abelha pode visitar até 1.500 flores.

Referências

  1. «Birds.com». Consultado em 23 de janeiro de 2011. Arquivado do original em 3 de abril de 2015
  2. PetBrazil

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Mellisuga helenae: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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O colibri-abelha-cubano ou beija-flor-abelha (Mellisuga helenae) é uma espécie de beija-flor endêmica de Cuba e da Ilha da Juventude. É a menor ave do mundo medindo cerca de 5,7 centímetros e pesa aproximadamente 1,6 gramas, segundo o Guinness World Records. Também é chamado de beija-flor-zumbidor e zunzuncito.

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Čmeľovec kubánsky ( Slovak )

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Čmeľovec včelí

Čmeľovec kubánsky (iné názvy: čmeľovec včelí, kalypta menšia, medovec menší, kolibrík kubánsky, kolibrík čmeliakový, kolibrík včelí, lat. Mellisuga helenae) je vták z čeľade kolibríkovité, ktorý sa považuje za najmenšieho vtáka na svete.

Samec váži iba 1,5 gramu. Operenie je zvrchu zelenkasté, na spodnej časti tela sivasté; hlava a golier sú iskrivo ohnivočervené. Samica je o niečo väčšia, váži 2 gramy, a nemá trblietavé sfarbenie hlavy a krku. Medovec sa živí prevažne nektárom, pričom sa vznáša v horizontálnej polohe pred kvetmi a strká do nich krátky rovný zobák. Vajcia sú menšie ako hrášok – majú sotva 5 milimetrov.

Súhrnné informácie

  • Dĺžka: 5-6 cm
  • Hmotnosť: Do 2 g
  • Operenie: Pohlavia sa líšia
  • Výskyt: Kuba, ostrov Isle of Pines
  • Migrácia: Stály
  • Status: Menej ohrozený (podľa dostupných údajov)
  • Biotopy výskytu: Tropické lesy

Iné projekty

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Čmeľovec kubánsky: Brief Summary ( Slovak )

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 src= Čmeľovec včelí

Čmeľovec kubánsky (iné názvy: čmeľovec včelí, kalypta menšia, medovec menší, kolibrík kubánsky, kolibrík čmeliakový, kolibrík včelí, lat. Mellisuga helenae) je vták z čeľade kolibríkovité, ktorý sa považuje za najmenšieho vtáka na svete.

Samec váži iba 1,5 gramu. Operenie je zvrchu zelenkasté, na spodnej časti tela sivasté; hlava a golier sú iskrivo ohnivočervené. Samica je o niečo väčšia, váži 2 gramy, a nemá trblietavé sfarbenie hlavy a krku. Medovec sa živí prevažne nektárom, pričom sa vznáša v horizontálnej polohe pred kvetmi a strká do nich krátky rovný zobák. Vajcia sú menšie ako hrášok – majú sotva 5 milimetrov.

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Čmrlji kolibri ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Čmŕlji kolíbri (znanstveno ime Mellisuga helenae) spada v družino kolibrijev. Živi na Kubi. Prehranjuje se s cvetnim nektarjem, ki ga nabira med lebdenjem po zraku. Samec tehta 1,6 grama in je velik 4,5 centimetrov, samica pa je še manjša.

Čmrlji kolibri velja za najmanjšega ptiča na svetu.

Wikimedijina zbirka ponuja več predstavnostnega gradiva o temi: čmrlji kolibri
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Bikolibri ( Swedish )

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Bikolibri[2] (Mellisuga helenae) är med sin längd på 5 till 6 centimeter och vikt på omkring 1,8 till 2 gram världens minsta fågel. Hannen är något mindre än honan. Den lever på Kuba och Isla de la Juventud.[3]

Bikolibrins kroppstemperatur är på dagen 40 °C (den högsta av alla fåglars), men bara 19 °C på natten, för att spara energi.[3]

Noter

  1. ^ BirdLife International 2012 Mellisuga helenae Från: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1 www.iucnredlist.org. Läst 7 januari 2014.
  2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2016) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter Arkiverad 18 oktober 2014 hämtat från the Wayback Machine., läst 2016-02-10
  3. ^ [a b] AvianWeb: Bee Hummingbird, läst 20 mars 2010.

Externa länkar

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Bikolibri: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Bikolibri (Mellisuga helenae) är med sin längd på 5 till 6 centimeter och vikt på omkring 1,8 till 2 gram världens minsta fågel. Hannen är något mindre än honan. Den lever på Kuba och Isla de la Juventud.

Bikolibrins kroppstemperatur är på dagen 40 °C (den högsta av alla fåglars), men bara 19 °C på natten, för att spara energi.

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Arı sinek kuşu ( Turkish )

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 src=
Bu madde herhangi bir kaynak içermemektedir. Lütfen güvenilir kaynaklar ekleyerek bu maddenin geliştirilmesine yardımcı olunuz. Kaynaksız içerik itiraz konusu olabilir ve kaldırılabilir.

Arı sinek kuşu (Mellisuga helenae), en küçük kolibri türüdür. Aynı zamanda dünyanın en küçük kuş türüdür.

Görünüm

Yetişkin bir arı sinek kuşu erkeği 6,3 cm boyunda olup, sadece 1.95 gram ağırlığındadır. Dişisi 7 cm boyu ile biraz daha büyüktür. Arı sinek kuşları yeşil renk olup, alt kısımları gri-beyazdır. Erkeklerinin başı ve geniş boyun şeridi yanardönerli ateş kırmızıdır. Dişisi gösterişsiz olur.

Beslenme

Arı sinek kuşları sırf nektarla beslenirler.

Dağılım

Tür endemik olup, sadece Küba ve Pines Adası'nda, buradaki özel koruma bölgelerinde görülür.

Keşif

Arı sinek kuşu 1844'te Alman doğa bilimci Johann Christoph Gundlach tarafından keşfedilir, ancak bilimsel tanımlanması ilk kez Juan Lembeye tarafından yapılır (1850'de yayımlanmış).

Dış bağlantılar

Commons-logo.svg Wikimedia Commons'ta Arı sinek kuşu ile ilgili çoklu ortam belgeleri bulunur. Wikispecies-logo.svg Wikispecies'te Arı sinek kuşu ile ilgili detaylı taksonomi bilgileri bulunur.

IUCN Kırmızı Listesi'nde Mellisuga helenae

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Arı sinek kuşu: Brief Summary ( Turkish )

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Arı sinek kuşu (Mellisuga helenae), en küçük kolibri türüdür. Aynı zamanda dünyanın en küçük kuş türüdür.

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Mellisuga helenae ( Vietnamese )

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Biểu tượng mũi tên dịch thuật
Bài này là một bản dịch thô từ ngôn ngữ khác. Đây có thể là kết quả của máy tính hoặc của người chưa thông thạo dịch thuật. Xin hãy giúp tăng chất lượng bản dịch.

Mellisuga helenae (tên tiếng Anh: Chim ruồi ong) là một loài chim ruồi. Đây là loài bản địa CubaIsla de la Juventud. Loài chim này dài 5–6 cm (2,0–2,4 in), cân nặng 1,6–2 g (0,056–0,071 oz), đây là loài chim còn sống nhỏ nhất[2][3].

Miêu tả

Calypte helenae ampliado.jpg

Là con chim nhỏ nhất trên thế giới, không lớn hơn một con côn trùng lớn, hầu như là lớn hơn một con ong. Giống như tất cả chim ruồi, nó là một loài bay mạnh mẽ nhanh chóng. Nó cũng có thể bay một chỗ như máy bay trực thăng. Chim ruồi ong đập cánh của nó khoảng 80 lần mỗi giây, nhanh đến mức mắt con người nhìn thấy cánh chúng như một vệt mờ. Màu sắc rực rỡ óng ánh của lông vũ của chim ruồi ong làm cho những con chim có vẻ giống như một viên ngọc nhỏ. Màu ánh kim không phải là luôn luôn đáng chú ý, nhưng phụ thuộc vào góc mà một người nhìn vào con chim. Mở nhọn và mảnh phù hợp cho việc hút mật sâu trong bông hoa. Các con chim ruồi ong ăn chủ yếu là mật ong, và một loài côn trùng không thường xuyên hoặc nhện, bằng cách di chuyển lưỡi của mình nhanh chóng vào và ra khỏi miệng của nó. Trong quá trình ăn, con chim đính phấn hoa trên mỏ và đầu. Khi nó bay từ hoa để hoa, nó chuyển phấn hoa. Bằng cách này, nó đóng một vai trò quan trọng thụ phấn hoat. Trong không gian của một ngày con chim ruồi ong có thể ghé thăm 1.500 bông hoa[4].

Sử dụng các mẫu mạng nhện, vỏ cây, và địa y, chim ruồi ong mái xây dựng một tổ hình chiếc tách với đường kính chỉ 2,5 cm. Tổ đã được xây dựng trên clothespins duy nhất. Chim mái đan tổ với sợi thực vật mềm. Trong tổ này, chim mái đẻ trứng không lớn hơn so với đậu Hà Lan. Chim mái một mình ấp trứng và nuôi chim non.

Phân bố

Mellisuga helenae là loài chim đặc hữu của Cuba, bao gồm La Habana, Sierra de Anafe, bán đảo Guanahacabibes, Zapata Swamp, Jucaro, Moa, Cuchillas del Toa, Sierra Cristal, Mayarí và bờ biển Guantánamo (Raffaele et al. 1998, Garrido and Kirkconnell 2000) cũng như Isla de la Juventud

Chú thích

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2008). “Mellisuga helenae”. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2010.4. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. Truy cập ngày 25 tháng 4 năm 2011. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is near threatened
  2. ^ Del Hoyo, J. Elliott, A. and Sargatal, J.(1999) Handbook of the Birds of the World Volume 5: Barn-owls to Hummingbirds Lynx Edicions, Barcelona
  3. ^ CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992), ISBN 978-0-8493-4258-5.
  4. ^ Piper, Ross (2007), Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals, Greenwood Press.

Liên kết ngoài

 src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Mellisuga helenae  src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Mellisuga helenae


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết họ Chim ruồi này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Mellisuga helenae: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Mellisuga helenae (tên tiếng Anh: Chim ruồi ong) là một loài chim ruồi. Đây là loài bản địa CubaIsla de la Juventud. Loài chim này dài 5–6 cm (2,0–2,4 in), cân nặng 1,6–2 g (0,056–0,071 oz), đây là loài chim còn sống nhỏ nhất.

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Колибри-пчёлка ( Russian )

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Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Класс: Птицы
Подкласс: Настоящие птицы
Инфракласс: Новонёбные
Подотряд: Колибри (Trochili)
Семейство: Колибри
Подсемейство: Trochilinae
Вид: Колибри-пчёлка
Международное научное название

Mellisuga helenae
(Lembeye, 1850)

Ареал

изображение

Охранный статус Wikispecies-logo.svg
Систематика
на Викивидах
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Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 555310NCBI 2082998EOL 914480

Колибри-пчёлка[1] (лат. Mellisuga helenae) — самый маленький вид птиц в мире и в семействе колибри.

Описание

Колибри-пчёлки достигают длины 5,7 см[2], включая хвост и клюв, и весят 2 г. Они легче, чем отдельно взятое перо страуса. Сердце птицы совершает от 300 до 500 ударов в минуту. У взрослого самца оперение зелёного цвета с ярко-красным горлом, радужной горжеткой с удлиненными боковыми перьями, голубовато-синей верхней частью тела и серой нижней. Взрослые самки отличаются зелёным оперением верхней части тела, низ серо-белый с ярко-белыми кончиками перьев хвоста.

 src=
Взрослый самец в обычном оперении

Распространение

Эндемик Кубы. Птице необходимы богатые эпифитами и лианами лесистые области, и поэтому её можно встретить сегодня только в нескольких регионах главного острова Куба, а также в болотах Сапаты и на полуострове Гуанахакабибес. На острове Хувентуд (который раньше назывался о. Пинос) тоже присутствуют колибри-пчёлки[3].

Питание

Колибри-пчёлка питается исключительно нектаром. Она зависает в воздухе перед растением, совершая более 90 взмахов крыльями в секунду, и высасывает нектар. Кормится на любой высоте. Нектар собирает только на 15 видах растений, из которых чаще всего на следующих 10 видах: Hamelia patens (Rubiaceae), Chrysobalanus icaco (Chrysobalanaceae), Pavonia paludicola (Malvaceae), Forsteronia corymbosa (Apocynaceae), Lysiloma latisiliquum (Mimosaceae), Turnera ulmifolia (Passifloraceae), Antigonon leptopus (Polygonaceae), Clerodendrum aculeatum (Verbenaceae), Tournefortia hirsutissima (Boraginaceae) и Cissus obovata (Vitaceae)[4].

 src=
Гнездо колибри с двумя птенцами

Размножение

В период размножения самцы отличаются красно-розовой окраской головы, подбородка и горла. Длина яйца этого колибри варьирует от 6,35 до 11,4 мм.

Открытие

Колибри-пчёлка была открыта в 1844 году кубинским натуралистом немецкого происхождения Хуаном Гундлахом, но научное описание вида впервые опубликовал Хуан Ламбей[en] (в 1850 году).

Примечания

  1. Бёме Р. Л., Флинт В. Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Птицы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский / Под общ. ред. акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., «РУССО», 1994. — С. 165. — 2030 экз.ISBN 5-200-00643-0.
  2. John B. Dunning Jr. CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses. — CRC Press, 1992. — ISBN 978-0-8493-4258-5.
  3. Internet Bird Collection Bee Hummingbird
  4. Bo Dalsgaard, Daniel W. Carstensen, Arturo Kirkconnell, Ana M. Martín González, Orestes Martínez García, Allan Timmermann, & William J. Sutherland. Floral traits of plants visited by the bee hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae // Ornitologia Neotropical. — 2012. — Vol. 23, № 1. — P. 143—149.
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Колибри-пчёлка: Brief Summary ( Russian )

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Колибри-пчёлка (лат. Mellisuga helenae) — самый маленький вид птиц в мире и в семействе колибри.

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吸蜜蜂鳥 ( Chinese )

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二名法 Mellisuga helenae
(Lembeye, 1850)

吸蜜蜂鳥學名Mellisuga helenae)是古巴青年島蜂鳥特有種。它們約重1.8克及長5厘米,是世界上最細小的鳥類

特徵

雄性吸蜜蜂鳥的鳥冠呈綠色,喉嚨呈紅色,領子虹色,上身藍色,下身主要為灰白色。雄鳥比雌鳥細小。雌鳥上身呈藍綠色,下身呈淡灰色。尾羽端有白點。繁殖期的雄鳥頭部、兩頰及喉嚨呈紅色至粉紅色。雌鳥每次只會生2隻蛋。

作為世界上最細小的鳥類,吸蜜蜂鳥的大小只如大型蜜蜂般。它們像其他蜂鳥般輕盈,飛行能力很強。它們可以像直昇機般留在同一位點。估計它們每秒拍動雙翼達80次,連肉眼也不能追上其速度。

吸蜜蜂鳥的虹色及鮮艷羽毛令它們看上去像細小的寶石。不過其虹色並非容易看見,要視乎視角才能看見。它們尖長的喙可以探入花朵中吃花蜜。其舌頭亦像一條長管,可以吸啜花蜜。在覓食時,它們的喙及頭會黏上花粉,可以幫助傳播。一天之內,吸蜜蜂鳥就可以到達1500朵花朵,故對植物繁殖甚有幫助。[2]


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雌鳥會利用蜘蛛網樹皮地衣來築巢。巢的直徑約長2.5厘米,呈杯狀。鳥蛋只大如豌豆。雌鳥會單獨孵化鳥蛋及哺育雛鳥。

參考

  1. ^ Mellisuga helenae. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2006. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2004.
  2. ^ Piper, Ross. Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals. Greenwood Press. 2007.

外部連結

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维基百科作者和编辑

吸蜜蜂鳥: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

吸蜜蜂鳥(學名:Mellisuga helenae)是古巴青年島蜂鳥特有種。它們約重1.8克及長5厘米,是世界上最細小的鳥類

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维基百科作者和编辑

マメハチドリ ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語
マメハチドリ Calypte helenae ampliado.jpg 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 鳥綱 Aves : アマツバメ目 Apodiformes : ハチドリ科 Trochilidae : Mellisuga : マメハチドリ M. helenae 学名 Mellisuga helenae 和名 マメハチドリ 英名 Bee Hummingbird

マメハチドリ(豆蜂鳥、学名:Mellisuga helenae)は、アマツバメ目ハチドリ科に分類される鳥類の一種。

分布[編集]

形態[編集]

全長4~6cm、オスがやや小さい。体重2gと鳥類の中で最小、最軽量。また、卵も同様に鳥類一小さく、最軽量で、長さ6・5mm、重量約0・3g。

生態[編集]

山地から海岸にかけての湿原森林に生息する。

花の蜜や昆虫クモなどを食べる。チョウハチなど、花蜜食の昆虫と花の蜜をめぐって争うことがある。

巣づくり、抱卵、子育てはメスだけが行う。1秒間に50~80回羽ばたかせる、ホバリング(停空飛翔)ができる。ただしホバリングは激しい運動であるため栄養価の高い花の蜜を吸い、栄養を蓄える。

Sibley分類体系での位置[編集]

シブリー・アールキスト鳥類分類
アマツバメ上目 Apodimorphae
アマツバメ上目 Apodimorphae
ハチドリ亜科 Trochilinae

関連項目[編集]

参考文献[編集]

執筆の途中です この項目は、鳥類に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますポータル鳥類 - PJ鳥類)。
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ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
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wikipedia 日本語

マメハチドリ: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語

マメハチドリ(豆蜂鳥、学名:Mellisuga helenae)は、アマツバメ目ハチドリ科に分類される鳥類の一種。

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ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia 日本語