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Actinopterygii ( индонезиски )

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Actinopterygii (bentuk jamaknya dari Actinopterygius) merupakan kelas dalam taksonomi dari ikan bersirip kipas.

Actinopterygii mencakup banyak ikan yang dikenal awam sebagai ikan konsumsi maupun ikan hias/peliharaan. Secara evolusi, kelompok ini merupakan pengembangan lebih lanjut yang paling adaptif pada keadaan bumi pada masa kini. Sebagian besar jenis-jenis ikan yang hidup pada masa sekarang merupakan anggota kelompok ini.

Klasifikasi

Daftar di bawah mengikuti Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes^[1] dengan catatan jika ini berbeda dari Nelson,^[2] ITIS^[3] dan FishBase.^[4]

Subclass Cladistii Pander 1860
- Order †Guildayichthyiformes Lund 2000
- Order Polypteriformes (bichirs and reedfishes)^[5]
Subclass Actinopteri Cope 1972
- Order †Tarrasiiformes
- Order †Cheirolepidiformes
- Order †Paramblypteriformes Heyler 1969
- Order †Rhadinichthyiformes
- Order †Phanerorhynchiformes
- Order †Luganoiiformes Lehman 1958
- Order †Haplolepidiformes
- Order †Ptycholepiformes
- Order †Platysomiformes
- Order †Palaeonisciformes
- Order †Pholidopleuriformes
- Order †Peltopleuriformes
- Order †Perleidiformes
- Infra class Chondrostei
  - Order Acipenseriformes (sturgeons and paddlefishes)
  - Order †Saurichthyiformes
- Infra class Neopterygii Regan 1923
  - Order †Pachycormiformes
  - Holostei
    - Order †Parasemionotiformes Lehman 1966
    - Order †Ionoscopiformes Grande & Bemis 1998
    - Order †Pycnodontiformes Berg 1937
    - Order †Semionotiformes Arambourg & Bertin 1958
    - Order Lepisosteiformes (gars)
    - Order Amiiformes (bowfins)
  - Teleostei Müller 1844
    - Aspidorhynchiformes
    - Pholidophoriformes
    - Leptolepidiformes
    - Teleocephala
      - Megacohort Elopocephalai Patterson 1977 sensu Arratia 1999 (Elopomorpha Greenwood et al. 1966)
        
        Order Elopiformes (ladyfishes and tarpon)
        
        Order Albuliformes (bonefishes)
        
        Order Notacanthiformes (halosaurs and spiny eels)
        
        Order Anguilliformes Regan 190 (true eels)
      - Megacohort Osteoglossocephalai sensu Arratia 1999
        
        Supercohort Osteoglossocephala sensu Arratia 1999 (Osteoglossomorpha Greenwood et al. 1966)
        
        Order †Ichthyodectiformes Bardeck & Sprinkle 1969
        
        Order †Lycopteriformes
        
        Order Osteoglossiformes (bony-tongued fishes)
        
        Order Hiodontiformes (mooneye and goldeye)
        
        Supercohort Clupeocephala Patterson & Rosen 1977 sensu Arratia 2010
        
        Order †Crossognathiformes Taverne 1989
        
        Order †Tselfatiiformes Nelson 1994
        
        Cohort Otomorpha (Otocephala; Ostarioclupeomorpha)
        
        Subcohort Clupei (Clupeomorpha)
        
        Order †Ellimmyichthyiformes Grande 1982
        
        Order Clupeiformes (herrings and anchovies)
        
        Subcohort Alepocephali
        Order Alepocephaliformes
        
        Subcohort Ostariophysi Sagemehl 1885
        
        Section Anotophysa Rosen 1970
        Order Gonorynchiformes (milkfishes)
        
        Section Otophysa Garstang 1931
        
        Order Cypriniformes (barbs, carp, danios, goldfishes, loaches, minnows, rasboras)
        
        Order Characiformes (characins, pencilfishes, hatchetfishes, piranhas, tetras, dourado / golden (genus Salminus) and pacu)
        
        Order Gymnotiformes (electric eels and knifefishes)
        
        Order Siluriformes (catfishes)
        
        Cohort Euteleosteomorpha (Euteleostei Greenwood 1967 sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996])
        
        Subcohort Lepidogalaxii
        Lepidogalaxiiformes
        
        Subcohort Protacanthopterygii sensu Johnson & Patterson 1996
        
        Order Argentiniformes (barreleyes and slickheads) (formerly in Osmeriformes)
        
        Order Galaxiiformes
        
        Order Salmoniformes (salmon and trout)
        
        Order Esociformes (pike)
        
        Subcohort Stomiati
        
        Order Osmeriformes (smelts)
        
        Order Stomiatiformes (bristlemouths and marine hatchetfishes)
        
        Subcohort Neoteleostei Nelson 1969
        
        Infracohort Ateleopodia
        Order Ateleopodiformes (jellynose fish)
        
        Infracohort Eurypterygia Rosen 1973
        
        Section Aulopa [Cyclosquamata]
        Order Aulopiformes (Bombay duck and lancetfishes)
        
        Section Ctenosquamata Rosen 1973
        
        Subsection Myctophata [Scopelomorpha]
        Order Myctophiformes (lanternfishes)
        
        Subsection Acanthomorphata
        
        Division Lampridacea [Lampridiomorpha]
        Order Lampriformes (oarfish, opah and ribbonfishes)
        
        Division Paracanthomorphacea sensu Grande et al. 2013 (Paracanthopterygii Greenwood 1937)
        
        Order Percopsiformes (cavefishes and trout-perches)
        
        Order †Sphenocephaliformes
        
        Order Zeiiformes (dories)
        
        Order Stylephoriformes
        
        Order Gadiformes (cods)
        
        Division Polymixiacea (Polymyxiomorpha)
        
        Order †Pattersonichtyiformes
        
        Order †Ctenothrissiformes
        
        Order Polymixiiformes (beardfishes)
        
        Division Euacanthomorphacea sensu Johnson & Patterson 1993 (Acanthopterygii Gouan 1770 sensu Nelson 1994)
        
        Subdivision Berycimorphaceae
        Order Beryciformes (fangtooths and pineconefishes)
        
        Subdivision Holocentrimorphaceae (Stephanoberyciformes; Cetomimiformes)
        Order Holocentriformes
        
        Subdivision Percomorphaceae (Percomorpha sensu Miya et al. 2003; Acanthopteri)
        
        Series Ophidiimopharia
        Order Ophidiiformes (pearlfishes)
        
        Series Batrachoidimopharia
        Order Batrachoidiformes (toadfishes)
        
        Series Gobiomopharia
        
        Order Kurtiformes
        
        Order Gobiiformes
        
        Series Scombrimopharia
        
        Order Syngnathiformes (seahorses and pipefishes^[6])
        
        Order Scombriformes
        
        Series Carangimopharia
        
        Sub Series Anabantaria
        
        Order Synbranchiformes (swamp eels)
        
        Order Anabantiformes (Labyrinthici)
        
        Sub Series Carangaria
        
        Carangaria incertae sedis
        
        Order Istiophoriformes
        
        Order Carangiformes
        
        Order Pleuronectiformes (flatfishes)
        
        Sub Series Ovalentaria sensu Smith & Near 2012 (Stiassnyiformes sensu Li et al. 2009)
        
        Ovalentaria incertae sedis
        
        Order Pholidichthyiformes
        
        Order Cichliformes
        
        Order Atheriniformes (silversides and rainbowfishes)
        
        Order Cyprinodontiformes (livebearers, killifishes)
        
        Order Beloniformes (flyingfishes) [incl. Gobiesociformes^[7]]
        
        Order Mugiliformes (mullets)
        
        Order Blenniiformes
        
        Series Eupercaria (Percomorpharia)
        
        Eupercaria incertae sedis
        
        Order Labriformes
        
        Order Ephippiformes
        
        Order Lobotiformes
        
        Order Acanthuriformes
        
        Order Chaetodontiformes
        
        Order Spariformes
        
        Order Lophiiformes (anglerfishes)
        
        Order Tetraodontiformes (filefishes and pufferfish)
        
        Order Uranoscopiformes (Paratrachinoidei sensu Li et al. 2009)
        
        Order Pempheriformes
        
        Order Centrarchiformes
        
        Order Perciformes (40% of all fish, including anabantids, centrarchids (including bass and sunfish), cichlids, gobies, gouramis, mackerel, tuna, perches, scats, whiting, wrasses, bettas) (incl. Gasterosteiformes; Scorpaeniformes)

Catatan

^ Betancur-R (2014). "Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes --Version 3".
^ Nelson, Joseph, S. (2006). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-25031-7.
^ "Actinopterygii". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2006.
^ R. Froese and D. Pauly, editors (February 2006). "FishBase".Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list (link)
^ In Nelson, Polypteriformes is placed in its own subclass Cladistia.
^ In Nelson and ITIS, Syngnathiformes is placed as the suborder Syngnathoidei of the order Gasterosteiformes.
^ In ITIS, Gobiesociformes is placed as the suborder Gobiesocoidei of the order Perciformes.

Pranala luar

Actinopterygii di Encyclopedia of Life
Actinopterygii at UntamedScience.com
Jonna, R. (2004) Actinopterygii Animal Diversity Web. Updated 29 August 2006. Accessed 2 February 2013.

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зракоперки

Actinopterygii

Actinopterygii ( индонезиски )

Klasifikasi

Catatan

Pranala luar

Actinopterygii: Brief Summary ( индонезиски )