Diagnostic Description
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tarjonnut Fishbase
Fish has a deep grove before eye; scaleless area around lips, continuing and narrowing posterior to corner of mouth; small forward-curving spines in about five rows on side of and a short distance anterior to caudal peduncle. Caudal peduncle compressed (Ref. 9770).Description: Characterized further by greyish green body color with pale scale margins, forming cross-hatched effect; most of cheek covered by yellow-green patch; caudal peduncle whitish and adjacent posterior body; upper lip with dark green band above; median fins with dark margins; caudal fin rounded (Ref. 90102).
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Life Cycle
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tarjonnut Fishbase
Distinct paring (Ref. 205).
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Morphology
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tarjonnut Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 3; Dorsal soft rays (total): 24 - 26; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 22 - 24
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Biology
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tarjonnut Fishbase
Recorded from lagoons, seaward reefs (Ref. 1602) and sheltered inner reef slopes (Ref. 48637). Juveniles often associated with isolated patches of branching coral or rubble of shallow sandy protected areas. Adults occur singly or in pairs on the slopes of deep lagoon or seaward reefs (Ref. 37816, 48637). Often hostile towards divers and may attack unprovoked when caring for eggs (Ref. 48637). Feed on sea urchins, coral, crabs and other crustaceans, mollusks and tube worms. Oviparous (Ref. 205). Largest triggerfish; females are reported to have attacked divers when guarding their nest (Ref. 2334). Also caught with drive-in nets. Marketed fresh and dried-salted (Ref. 9770).
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- Estelita Emily Capuli
Importance
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tarjonnut Fishbase
fisheries: commercial
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分布
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tarjonnut The Fish Database of Taiwan
分布於印度-太平洋區，西起非洲東岸，東至土木土群島，北至日本南部，南至澳洲大堡礁及新加勒多尼亞。台灣除澎湖及小琉球外，皆有分布。
利用
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englanti
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tarjonnut The Fish Database of Taiwan
通常以陷阱法、潛水或流刺網捕獲，以生鮮或醃製於市場出售，因食物鰱的關係，食之可能引起中毒；或以其可愛的模樣而常被飼養於水族館中，供人欣賞，是極受歡迎之魚種。
描述
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englanti
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tarjonnut The Fish Database of Taiwan
體稍延長，呈長橢圓形，
尾柄短。口端位，齒白色，具缺刻。眼前有一深溝。除口緣唇部無鱗外，全被骨質鱗片；頰部幾全被鱗，除口角後有一無鱗的水平縐褶；鰓裂後有大型骨質鱗片；尾柄鱗片具小棘列，向前延伸不越過背鰭軟條後半部。背鰭兩個，基底相接近，第一背鰭位於鰓孔上方，第I棘粗大，第II棘則細長，第III背鰭棘明顯，突出甚多；背鰭及臀鰭軟條截平；尾鰭圓形。背鰭及臀鰭軟條截平；尾柄鱗片具小棘列。成魚體藍褐色，每一鱗片具一深藍色斑點；有一深綠色帶自眶間隔連接兩眼，並向下延伸經鰓裂至胸鰭基部；頰部黃褐色；上唇與口角深綠色；背鰭棘膜具深綠色條紋與斑點；第二背鰭、臀鰭與尾鰭黃褐色，鰭緣有一深綠色寬帶；胸鰭黃褐色。
棲地
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englanti
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tarjonnut The Fish Database of Taiwan
主要棲息於珊瑚繁生的潟湖區及向海礁區，一般被發現於水深50公尺內的水域，通常獨自或成對在礁區斜坡上的水層活動，幼魚則生活於礁砂混合區的獨立礁緣或珊瑚枝頭處。主要以海膽、甲殼類等小型甲殼類、水螅體、被囊動物、軟體動物等為食。
Titan triggerfish
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englanti
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tarjonnut wikipedia EN
The titan triggerfish, giant triggerfish or moustache triggerfish (Balistoides viridescens) is a large species of triggerfish found in lagoons and at reefs to depths of 50 m (160 ft) in most of the Indo-Pacific, though it is absent from Hawaii. With a length of up to 75 centimetres (30 in),[2] it is the largest species of triggerfish in its range (the stone triggerfish, Pseudobalistes naufragium, from the east Pacific is larger).[3]
Behavior
The titan triggerfish is diurnal and solitary. It feeds on sea urchins, molluscs, crustaceans, tube worms and coral.[2] It often feeds by turning over rocks, stirring up sand and biting off pieces of branching coral. This is why other smaller fish species are often seen around it, as they feed on the detritus and smaller organisms that are stirred up.
Titan triggerfish have been observed being aggressive to other fish who enter their territory.
Interaction with humans
Though titan triggerfish are usually wary of divers and snorkelers, females can be territorial and aggressive around their nests during the reproduction season, which occurs for about a week in each month (either after the full moon or new moon, depending on the population).[4]
The nest is placed in a flat sandy area, and is defended vigorously against any intruders. The territory around the nest is roughly cone-shaped and divers who accidentally enter it may be attacked. Divers should swim horizontally away from the nest rather than upwards which would only take them further into the territory.[5][6] Although bites are not venomous, the strong teeth can inflict serious injury that may require medical attention.[5][6][7][8]
The threat posture includes the triggerfish facing the intruder while holding its first dorsal spine erect.[5] It may also roll onto its side, allowing it a better look at the intruder it perceives as threatening its nest. The titan triggerfish will not always bite, but can swim at snorkellers and divers escorting them out of their territory.
The flesh of the titan triggerfish is sometimes ciguatoxic.[5][7]
References
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^ Matsuura, K. 2022 (2022). "Balistoides viridescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T193639A2251503. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T193639A2251503.en. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
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^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2010). "Balistoides viridescens" in FishBase. 1 2010 version.
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^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2010). "Pseudobalistes naufragium" in FishBase. 1 2010 version.
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^ Donaldson, T.J.; Dimalanta, A.G. (2011). "Spatial Distribution and Characterization of the Triggerfish Balistoides viridescens (Balistidae) on a Spawning Aggregation Site at Guam, Mariana Islands". Proceedings of the 64th Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute.
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^ a b c d Randall, J. E. (2005). Reef and Shore Fishes of the South Pacific. University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0-8248-2698-1.
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^ a b Randall, J. E.; Millington, J. T. (1 May 1990). "Triggerfish bite – a little-known marine hazard". Journal of Wilderness Medicine. 1 (2): 79–85. doi:10.1580/0953-9859-1.2.79.
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^ a b Lieske, E., & R. Myers (1999). Coral Reef Fishes. 2nd edition. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00481-1
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^ Debelius, H. (1993). Indian Ocean Tropical Fish Guide. Aquaprint Verlags GmbH. ISBN 3-927991-01-5
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Titan triggerfish: Brief Summary
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englanti
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tarjonnut wikipedia EN
The titan triggerfish, giant triggerfish or moustache triggerfish (Balistoides viridescens) is a large species of triggerfish found in lagoons and at reefs to depths of 50 m (160 ft) in most of the Indo-Pacific, though it is absent from Hawaii. With a length of up to 75 centimetres (30 in), it is the largest species of triggerfish in its range (the stone triggerfish, Pseudobalistes naufragium, from the east Pacific is larger).
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Description
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englanti
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tarjonnut World Register of Marine Species
Occurs in lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 1602). Feeds on sea urchins, coral, crabs and other crustaceans, mollusks and tube worms. The largest triggerfish; females when guarding their nest have been reported to attack divers (Ref. 2334). In Japan, eggs were noted on rock surfaces during the summer months (Ref. 637). Also caught with drive-in nets. Marketed fresh and dried-salted (Ref. 9770).
Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023).
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