Diagnostic Description
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tarjonnut Fishbase
Has 37-43 scales on the lateral line (including those on base of caudal-fin); 7-8+1/2 scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin (Ref. 27732). Differs from all other species of the genus in having more or less discrete marks on each scale on the upper, middle, and sometimes lower parts of the body. Such marks, visible in most freshly caught and recently preserved specimens, are sometimes intensely developed, giving the fish a markedly reticulated appearance. C. molitorella often has a very intense humeral mark which is vivid bluish-green in life. In other Cirrhinus the humeral marks are black or bluish black (Ref. 33488). Usually a conspicuous black bar shortly behind pectoral base (Ref. 43281). Gill rakers on the lower arm of first arch 65-85 (Ref. 12693).
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- Crispina B. Binohlan
Life Cycle
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tarjonnut Fishbase
Assuming standard cyprinid mode of reproduction. Replace ASAP.
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Migration
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tarjonnut Fishbase
Potamodromous. Migrating within streams, migratory in rivers, e.g. Saliminus, Moxostoma, Labeo. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Morphology
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tarjonnut Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 1115; Vertebrae: 34 - 38
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Trophic Strategy
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tarjonnut Fishbase
Feeds on aquatic and terrestrial plants (Ref. 33691). Recorded as having been or being farmed in rice fields (Ref. 119549).
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Biology
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tarjonnut Fishbase
Known from midwater to bottom depths of large and medium-sized rivers. Move into flooded forests during the rainy season and grazes on algae, phytoplankton and detritus (Ref. 12693). Occur in rapids and slow deep reaches (Ref. 37769). Reported to be omnivorous (Ref. 33813). Wild stocks are strongly migratory while the cultivated stocks probably have lost the migratory behavior (Ref. 33488). Prefer flowing water and not known to proliferate in impoundments. Large fish are marketed fresh, smaller ones are used to make prahoc (Ref. 12693). Attain at least 40 cm SL (Ref. 33488).
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Importance
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tarjonnut Fishbase
fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial
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分布
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tarjonnut The Fish Database of Taiwan
原產於中國大陸之中、大型河流與湖泊。臺灣多養殖於西部水庫與南部地區的河川、湖泊及水庫等。
利用
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englanti
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tarjonnut The Fish Database of Taiwan
大型食用魚，且經濟價值。煎、烤、炸、紅燒及糖醋皆宜。
描述
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englanti
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tarjonnut The Fish Database of Taiwan
體延長而側扁，背部輪廓呈弧形，腹部圓形。頭略短而尖。吻短而圓鈍，向前突出，側面在前眶骨前緣有一不甚明顯的裂紋。有鬚2對，吻鬚較粗，頜鬚較短小。口小，下位，橫裂而下彎成淺弧形，上下邊緣都具角質緣。咽頭齒3列，齒式5.4.2-2.4.5。鰓耙數76-82。體被中型圓鱗，胸部鱗片較小；側線完全，微向下彎，後部延伸達尾部中央，側線鱗數37-40。各鰭均無硬棘，背鰭軟條
3(不分枝軟條)+ 12-13(分枝軟條)；臀鰭 3(不分枝軟條)+
5(分枝軟條)。體背青灰色，腹部銀白而略帶黃色。自胸鰭上方側線附近有十數個鱗片基部有藍黑色斑點，聚合成一堆類似菱形的斑塊。各鰭灰黑色。幼魚在尾柄基部有一黑斑。
棲地
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tarjonnut The Fish Database of Taiwan
初級淡水魚。主要棲息於水溫略高的水域中，常在下層水域活動；性情活潑，喜歡群游活動。為雜食性魚類，主要以浮游動物、植物碎片、藻類、腐殖質等為食。
Cirrhinus molitorella
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englanti
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tarjonnut wikipedia EN
Cirrhinus molitorella (mud carp or dace) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Cirrhinus found mainly in southern China and Vietnam.
History
The mud carp is a native Asian freshwater fish with a broad distribution from the Mekong River to the Pearl River deltas, inhabiting lakes, rivers and reservoirs.
Mud carp cultivation was introduced to China during the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD) as a substitute for common carp, as the common carp was forbidden to fish due to a ban.[2] Chinese aquaculture farmers adapted by raising mud carp, which were bottom feeders, in polyculture with top-feeding grass carp, while silver carp or bighead carp lived and fed in the middle depths.[3]
Habitat
Mud carp is typically a subtropical fish.[4] The mud carp is found in the mud and Mekong River and Pearl River delta, as well as bodies of freshwater along these two rivers. In China's Guangdong province and Guangxi autonomous region, mud carp makes up about 30% of the freshwater fish population.[5]
The fish has been introduced to Indonesia, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan, and Hong Kong.[2]
Within China the fish is raised on fish farms.
Dispersion
The mud carp is native to Southern China and parts of Mainland Southeast Asia. It is present in major river systems such as the Pearl River, Red River (China/Vietnam), Mekong River, and Chao Phraya River.[2]
Diet
Mud carp is an omnivore and mainly consumes water plants or insects. Farm raised carp are fed pellets.
Culinary Use
Due to low cost of production, the fish is mainly consumed by the poor and locally consumed; it is mostly sold live and eaten fresh, but can be dried and salted.[2] Increased fishing has threatened the population of mud carp.[1]
The fish is sometimes canned (typically as fried dace with salted black beans) or processed as fish cakes, fish balls [6] or dumplings. They can be found for retail sale within China and throughout the Chinese diaspora.[2] Canned dace from China has periodically been found to carry traces of malachite green, a carcinogenic antimicrobial banned for use in food.[7][8][9]
See also
References
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^ a b Nguyen, T.H.T.; Van, N.S.; Thinh, D.V. (2011). "Cirrhinus molitorella". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: 2011: e.T166016A6168828. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T166016A6168828.en.
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^ a b c d e Z., Xinping (7 April 2006). "Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme. Cirrhinus molitorella". FAO Fisheries Division [online]. Rome: FAO Fisheries Division. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
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^ Fagan 2017, Ch. 17.
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^ FAO 1983, p. 15.
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^ Rath 2011, p. 22.
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^ "Carp Family". Clovegarden.
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^ "Detention Without Physical Examination of Aquacultured, Shrimp, Dace, and Eel from China-Presence of New Animal Drugs and/or Unsafe Food Additives". United States FDA. 2020-09-30. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
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^ "CFS finds traces of malachite green in two tinned fried dace samples" (Press release). Hong Kong. Hong Kong Centre for Food Safety. 2015-08-29. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
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^ "CFS finds traces of malachite green in canned fried dace sample" (Press release). Hong Kong. Hong Kong Centre for Food Safety. 2019-09-19. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
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Cirrhinus molitorella: Brief Summary
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englanti
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tarjonnut wikipedia EN
Cirrhinus molitorella (mud carp or dace) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Cirrhinus found mainly in southern China and Vietnam.
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