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صورة Colaspis brunnea (Fabricius 1798)
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Colaspis

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Colaspis ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

Colaspis is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. It is one of the largest genera in the subfamily, containing over 200 species,[4] and it is known from both North and South America. A number of species from this genus are considered to be pests, such as the grape colaspis (Colaspis brunnea). Some species are known from the fossil record from the Eocene of Colorado in the United States.

Taxonomy

In some publications for the Neotropical realm, Colaspis is also known as Maecolaspis. This alternative name was created by the Czech entomologist Jan Bechyné in 1950, due to an error relating to the type species of Colaspis: Bechyné incorrectly considered Colaspis testacea to be the type species of Colaspis, rather than Chrysomela flavicornis. As a result, Metaxyonycha, which shared the same type species, was synonymised with Colaspis. The species of Colaspis in the Junk-Schenkling catalog were then placed under Bechyné's new name, "Maecolaspis", with Chrysomela flavicornis as the type species.[3] These errors were corrected by W. J. Brown in 1961, who synonymized Maecolaspis with Colaspis.[2] Despite this, Bechyné continued to use Maecolaspis as valid, while Doris Holmes Blake published several papers on Colaspis without mentioning Bechyné's Maecolaspis. This effectively created two systems for the taxonomy of the Neotropical leaf beetles, which has frequently confused those studying the Neotropical Eumolpinae.[5]

Many species originally placed in Colaspis were split by Bechyné into several smaller genera, such as Allocolaspis, Callicolaspis, Percolaspis, Nodocolaspis and Zenocolaspis. The genus requires further subdivision.[6]

Species

These extant species belong to the genus Colaspis (= Maecolaspis):[7][8]

These four extinct species belong to the genus Colaspis:

  • †Colaspis aetatis Wickham, 1911
  • †Colaspis diluvialis Wickham, 1914
  • †Colaspis luti Scudder, 1900
  • †Colaspis proserpina Wickham, 1914

Synonyms:

Data sources: i = ITIS,[62] c = Catalogue of Life,[63] g = GBIF,[64] b = Bugguide.net[6]

References

  1. ^ Systema eleutheratorum secundum ordines, genera, species adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus.-Kiliae, Bibliopolium academ. novvm 1801- … JC Fabricius, 1801
  2. ^ a b Brown, W. J. (1961). "Notes on North American Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera)". The Canadian Entomologist. 93 (11): 967–977. doi:10.4039/Ent93967-11. S2CID 86150665.
  3. ^ a b c d e Bechyné, J. (1950). "Les générotypes des Eumolpides de l'Amérique du Sud et du Centre avec les diagnoses des formes nouvelles (Col. Phytoph. Chrysomeloidea)". Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft. 40: 264–292.
  4. ^ a b Agrain, F.A.; Cabrera, N.C.; Holgado, M.G.; Vicchi, F.R. (2016). "Colaspis caligula, a new species found in association with Vitis vinifera (L.) crops in Argentina (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". Zootaxa. 4161 (2): 228–236. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4161.2.5. PMID 27615925.
  5. ^ Flowers, W. (2004). "Colaspis...Maecolaspis...Metaxyonycha...Whatever: an old solution to a persistent problem" (PDF). Chrysomela. 44: 13.
  6. ^ a b "Colaspis Genus Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-04-21.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Bechyné, J. (1953). "Katalog der neotropischen Eumolpiden (Col. Phytoph. Chrysomeloidea)". Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey (in German). 4: 26–303.
  8. ^ Flowers, R.W. (1996). "The subfamily Eumolpinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Central America". Revista de Biología Tropical Special Publication. 2: 1–59. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h Lefèvre, E. (1877). "Descriptions de coléoptères nouveaux ou peu connus de la famille des Eumolpides (1re partie)". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 5. 7: 115–166.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Bechyné, J. (1949). "Liste provisoire des Eumolpides de la Republique Argentine et observations diverses sur les Eumolpides de l'Amerique du Sud (Col., Chrysomeloidea)" (PDF). Acta Zoologica Lilloana. 8: 457–535.
  11. ^ a b c Bechyné, J. (1950). "Eumolpides Américains nouveaux ou peu connus" (PDF). Entomologischen Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey. 1: 205–238.
  12. ^ a b Clavareau, H. (1914). "Chrysomelidae: 11. Eumolpinae". In Junk, W.; Schenkling, S. (eds.). Coleopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 59. Berlin: W. Junk. pp. 1–215.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h Lefèvre, É. (1885). "Eumolpidarum hucusque cognitarum catalogus, sectionum conspectu systematico, generum sicut et specierum nonnullarum novarum descriptionibus adjunctis". Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège. 2. 11 (16): 1–172.
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  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Weise, J. (1921). "Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der schwedischen entomologischen Reise des Herrn Dr. A. Roman in Amazonas 1914—1915. 6. Chrysomelidae". Arkiv för Zoologi. 14 (1): 1–205.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Bechyné, J. (1951). "Liste provisoire des Eumolpides de Bolivie et observations diverses sur les espèces de l'Amérique du Sud (Col. Phytophaga)". Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey Tutzing bei München. 2: 227–352.
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  19. ^ a b Blake, D. H. (1971). "Fifteen new West Indian chrysomelid beetles". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 73 (3): 269–282.
  20. ^ a b c Riley, E.G. (2020). "A review of the Colaspis suilla species group, with description of three new species from Florida (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae)" (PDF). Insecta Mundi. 0830: 1–21.
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  22. ^ a b c d e f Schaeffer, C. (1933). "Short studies in the Chrysomelidæ (Coleoptera) (Continued)". Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 41 (4): 457–480. JSTOR 25004529.
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  27. ^ Ostmark, H. E. (1975). "Banana Pests in the Genus Colaspis, including Description of a New Species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". The Florida Entomologist. 58 (1): 1–8. doi:10.2307/3493857. JSTOR 3493857.
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  30. ^ a b c d e Blake, D. H. (1975). "Colaspis melancholica Jacoby and Its Close Relatives (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences (published February 6, 1976). 65 (4): 158–162. JSTOR 24536605.
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  32. ^ a b c d e Bechyné, J. (1954). "La liste des Eumolpides de Rio Grande do Sul (Brésil) et observations diverses sur les espéces néotropicales" (PDF). Arquivos do Museu Paranaense. 10: 141–226. (note: pages 196–199 are missing in the PDF)
  33. ^ a b c d e f g Lefèvre, E. (1878). "Voyage de M. E. Steinheil à la Nouvelle Grenade. Eumolpides". Mittheilungen des Münchener Entomologischen Vereins. 2: 112–133.
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  35. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Blake, D. H. (1976). "The Brown Semicostate and Costate Species of Colaspis in Mexico and Central America (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". Technical Bulletin (United States. Dept. Of Agriculture) (1534): 1–40.
  36. ^ a b c Lefèvre, E. (1891). "Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles de Clytrides et d'Eumolpides". Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique. 35: CCXLVIII–CCLXXIX.
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  40. ^ a b c d Blake, D. H. (1977). "Colaspis favosa Say and its close relatives (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 79 (2): 209–215.
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  42. ^ Flowers, R. Wills (1995). "Some Corrections to the Generic Records of Central American Eumolpinae (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera)". The Florida Entomologist. 78 (3): 553–557. doi:10.2307/3495545. JSTOR 3495545.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g h Bechyné, J. (1997). Savini, V. (ed.). "Evaluación de los datos sobre los Phytophaga dañinos en Venezuela (Coleoptera). Parte I" (PDF). Boletín de Entomología Venezolana. Serie Monografias. 1: 1–278.
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  45. ^ a b Lefèvre, E. (1891). "Voyages de M. Emile Gounelle au Brésil. Eumolpides". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 60: 287–296.
  46. ^ a b c d Bechyné, J. (1955). "Reise des Herrn G. Frey in Südamerika: Eumolpidae (Col. Phytophaga)". Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey Tutzing bei München. 6: 569–657.
  47. ^ a b Jacoby, M. (1890). "Eumolpidae". Insecta. Coleoptera, Supplement to Phytophaga. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Vol. 6. pp. 183–241.
  48. ^ a b c Bechyné, J. (1950). "Notes sur les Eumolpides néotropicaux des collections de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique" (PDF). Bulletin of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. 26 (54): 1–24.
  49. ^ Andrews, F.G.; Gilbert, A.J. (2005). "A preliminary annotated checklist and evaluation of the diversity of the Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico". Insecta Mundi. 19 (1–2): 89–116.
  50. ^ a b Bechyné, J. (1950). "Notes sur les Eumolpides de l'Amérique du Sud, (Col. Phytophaga)". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 12. 3 (25): 70–85. doi:10.1080/00222935008654043.
  51. ^ Barber, H. S. (1937). "Some species of Colaspis from the brunnea confusion (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 38 (9): 198–204.
  52. ^ Riley, E. G. (1978). "A New Name for a Chrysomelid Beetle". The Coleopterists Bulletin. 32 (1): 76. JSTOR 3999933.
  53. ^ a b c Bechyné, J. (1952). "Deuxieme note sur les Eumolpide Neotropicaus des collections de l'Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. 28: 1–20.
  54. ^ Weise, J. (1914). "Synonymische Bemerkungen". Entomologische Blätter. 10: 122.
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  56. ^ Schaeffer, C. (1919). "Synonymical and other notes on some species of the family Chrysomelidae and descriptions of new species". Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 27 (4): 307–340. JSTOR 25003871.
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  58. ^ Blake, D. H. (1977). "Colaspis chrysis Olivier And Its Close Relatives (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 79 (3): 417–421.
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Colaspis: Brief Summary ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

Colaspis is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. It is one of the largest genera in the subfamily, containing over 200 species, and it is known from both North and South America. A number of species from this genus are considered to be pests, such as the grape colaspis (Colaspis brunnea). Some species are known from the fossil record from the Eocene of Colorado in the United States.

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Wikipedia authors and editors
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wikipedia EN
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