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Myotis daubentoni
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DeeAnn M. Reeder, Kristofer M. Helgen, Megan E. Vodzak, Darrin P. Lunde, Imran Ejotre
Zookeys
Figure 3.Contrasting facial aspects for Glauconycteris cf. poensis (left) and Niumbaha superba (right). Top panels show differences in nostril shape and orientation from photographs of live bats, bottom drawings show difference in ear and tragus structure. Glauconycteris poensis and Niumbaha superba are the type species of Glauconycteris and Niumbaha.
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Salem, Oregon, United States
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Stumkies Dam, Botswana
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The Eastern Red Bat (Lasiurus borealis) is a species of bat from the Vespertilionidae family. See also the Desert red bat (Lasiurus blossevillii), a related species.Eastern red bats are widespread across eastern North America, with additional records in Bermuda. It is also scarce but widespread throughout many of the Bahamian islands. This is a medium-sized Vespertilionid, averaging weights of 9.5-14 g and measurements of 112.3 mm in total length. Adults are usually dimorphic: males have red hair while females are chestnut-colored with whitish frosting on the tips of the fur.Like most Vespertilionids, eastern red bats are insectivorous. Moths (Lepidoptera) form the majority of the diet, but red bats also prey heavily on beetles (Coleoptera), flies (Diptera), and other insects. Echolocation calls have low minimum frequencies, but calls are highly variable ranging from (35-50 kHz). Eastern red bats are best suited for foraging in open spaces due to their body size, wing shape, and echolocation call structure. However, red bats are frequently captured by researches foraging over narrow streams and roadsMating likely occurs in late summer or autumn and the sperm is stored in the female's reproductive tract until spring when ovulation and fertilization occurs. In June, females usually give birth to three or four young and then roost with their young until they are weaned. Males roost alone throughout the Summer. High temperature demands associated with gestation and rearing young may limit the northern range for reproductive females. Eastern red bats often roost amongst live or dead leaves on the branches of live hardwood trees, but have also been found using loblolly pine trees in pine plantations.In late summer, eastern red bats from the northern parts of the range may migrate south for the winter, although little is known about migration routes or overwintering range. In winter, red bats forage for insects on warm nights and even warm days. On warm days during the winter, red bats enter torpor while roosting in the canopy of hardwood or coniferous trees, but during cold bouts they crawl underneath dead leaf litter on the ground and use their furred tail as a blanket.
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Fort Meade, Maryland, United States
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DeeAnn M. Reeder, Kristofer M. Helgen, Megan E. Vodzak, Darrin P. Lunde, Imran Ejotre
Zookeys
Figure 4.Length of the 2nd phalanx (2PL) of the 3rd digit vs. the 1st phalanx (1PL) of the 3rd digit. Several species of Glauconycteris are shown (closed diamond), as is Niumbaha superba (open diamond), and for comparison, two species of Scotophilus (open triangle; a ‘typical’ African vespertilionid bat). The ratio of 2PL/1PL is significantly greater in Glauconycteris than in Niumbaha (with a theoretical 1:1 ratio indicated by the dashed line). Data as reported in Table 2.
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Salem, Oregon, United States
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The Eastern Red Bat (Lasiurus borealis) is a species of bat from the Vespertilionidae family. See also the Desert red bat (Lasiurus blossevillii), a related species.Eastern red bats are widespread across eastern North America, with additional records in Bermuda. It is also scarce but widespread throughout many of the Bahamian islands. This is a medium-sized Vespertilionid, averaging weights of 9.5-14 g and measurements of 112.3 mm in total length. Adults are usually dimorphic: males have red hair while females are chestnut-colored with whitish frosting on the tips of the fur.Like most Vespertilionids, eastern red bats are insectivorous. Moths (Lepidoptera) form the majority of the diet, but red bats also prey heavily on beetles (Coleoptera), flies (Diptera), and other insects. Echolocation calls have low minimum frequencies, but calls are highly variable ranging from (35-50 kHz). Eastern red bats are best suited for foraging in open spaces due to their body size, wing shape, and echolocation call structure. However, red bats are frequently captured by researches foraging over narrow streams and roadsMating likely occurs in late summer or autumn and the sperm is stored in the female's reproductive tract until spring when ovulation and fertilization occurs. In June, females usually give birth to three or four young and then roost with their young until they are weaned. Males roost alone throughout the Summer. High temperature demands associated with gestation and rearing young may limit the northern range for reproductive females. Eastern red bats often roost amongst live or dead leaves on the branches of live hardwood trees, but have also been found using loblolly pine trees in pine plantations.In late summer, eastern red bats from the northern parts of the range may migrate south for the winter, although little is known about migration routes or overwintering range. In winter, red bats forage for insects on warm nights and even warm days. On warm days during the winter, red bats enter torpor while roosting in the canopy of hardwood or coniferous trees, but during cold bouts they crawl underneath dead leaf litter on the ground and use their furred tail as a blanket.
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Fort Meade, Maryland, United States
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DeeAnn M. Reeder, Kristofer M. Helgen, Megan E. Vodzak, Darrin P. Lunde, Imran Ejotre
Zookeys
Figure 5.Dorsal and ventral views of the cranium, lateral views of the cranium and mandible, and dorsal view of the mandible. Species shown include Glauconycteris variegata (G.v.; a relatively large species of Glauconycteris, which nearly matches Niumbaha superba in linear body size, but not in skull size); Niumbaha superba (N.s.; the type species of Niumbaha), and Glauconycteris poensis (G.p., the type species of Glauconycteris).
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Silver-haired Bat April 7 2014Discovered by John Cheney this bat was being attacked by American Crows after it was picked off the bark of the largest Douglas Fir near Campus Safety and the Mill Race. Bat recovered from attack and was released.
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Fort Meade, Maryland, United States
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DeeAnn M. Reeder, Kristofer M. Helgen, Megan E. Vodzak, Darrin P. Lunde, Imran Ejotre
Zookeys
Figure 6.Morphometric separation (first three principal components of a Principal Components Analysis) of 12 cranial and dental measurements. Data are from 70 adult skulls of Glauconycteris, Niumbaha, and Scotophilus (with measurements following Table 1 and 2). Specimens of Scotophilus, included for ecomorphological comparison, are indicated in red (open red squares, Scotophilus leucogaster; open red circles, Scotophilus viridis). Specimens of Glauconycteris are indicated in blue (open blue diamonds, Glauconycteris alboguttata; open blue triangles, Glauconycteris argentata; open blue circles, Glauconycteris beatrix, closed blue circles, Glauconycteris curryae; closed blue squares, Glauconycteris humeralis; closed blue diamonds, Glauconycteris poensis; closed blue triangles, Glauconycteris variegata). Specimens of Niumbaha superba from central Africa (DRC, S Sudan) are marked with crosses; specimens of Niumbaha superba from west Africa (Cote D’Ivoire, Ghana) are marked with asterisks. A Skulls of Niumbaha separate from skulls of species of Glauconycteris in combination along the first and second components, suggesting greater overall ecomorphological resemblance of Niumbaha with medium-sized, less specialized African vespertilionids such as Scotophilus. The first principal component reflects distinctions in overall skull size, which increases from right to left. B Separation of skulls of Niumbaha from those of Glauconycteris and Scotophilus in combination along the second and third components indicates the morphological isolation of Niumbaha and illustrates consistent differences in skull shape, reflecting (in separation along the third component) the proportionally narrower interorbital dimensions, less dramatic postorbital constriction, longer toothrows, narrowed skull, but widened anterior rostrum in Niumbaha relative to Glauconycteris.
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Salem, Oregon, United States
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Silver-haired Bat April 7 2014Discovered by John Cheney this bat was being attacked by American Crows after it was picked off the bark of the largest Douglas Fir near Campus Safety and the Mill Race. Bat recovered from attack and was released.
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Injured specimen being rehabilitated