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豆螺屬（學名：Bithynia），舊亦作沼螺屬，是一種沼螺科的淡水螺腹足綱軟體動物的屬。如同其他舊屬前鳃亚纲的物種那樣，本屬物種都使用鰓呼吸，而且其殼口都有口蓋[2]。
從取自埃及的豆螺屬物種，我們知道其二倍體的染色體數目是2n = 32[3]。
分佈及多樣性
位於阿尔巴尼亚与黑山边境上的斯库台湖是豆螺屬物種的多樣性最豐富的地區：有五個物種，被認為是豆螺屬物種演化的生物多樣性熱點[4]。
物種
Glöer (2002)[5]:190-194只承認Bithynia、Codiella、Neumayria及Parafossarulus這四個歐洲物種的亞屬。他亦把兩個舊屬沼螺屬（Parafossarulus）的已滅絕物種到Bithynia亞屬，因為Parafossarulus屬一般只接受亞洲物種[5]。除了Parafossarulus屬，Digoniostoma也是另一個亞洲物種的亞屬。
以下詳列沼螺屬所有物種及其所屬的亞屬：
Subgenus Bithynia Leach, 1818（指名亞屬）
Subgenus Codiella Locard, 1894
Subgenus Neumayria De Stefani, 1887[7]
Subgenus Digoniostoma Annandale, 1920[8]
Subgenus Incertae sedis[13]
Subgenus ?
- † Bithynia almerai Almera, 1894
- † Bithynia berthelini Depéret, 1894
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Bithynia boissieri (Küster, 1852)[6]
- † Bithynia brusinai Halaváts, 1903
- † Bithynia budinici Brusina, 1902
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Bithynia candiota Westerlund, 1886[6]
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Bithynia canyamelensis Altaba, 2007
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Bithynia cerameopoma (Benson, 1830)
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Bithynia cettinensis Clessin, 1887
- † Bithynia clessini Brusina, 1884
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Bithynia cretensis Glöer & Maassen, 2009
- † Bithynia croatica Pilar, 1874
- † Bithynia cyclostoma (Rousseau, 1842)
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Bithynia danubialis Glöer & Georgiev, 2012
- † Bithynia dunkeri Gude, 1913
- † Bithynia erzuruma Schütt, 1991
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Bithynia forcarti Glöer & Pešić, 2012
- † Bithynia fuchsi Willmann, 1981
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圓沼螺 Bithynia fuchsiana (Möllendorff, 1888)[11]
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Bithynia ghodaghodiensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
- † Bithynia giralanensis Oppenheim, 1919
- † Bithynia glabra (von Zieten, 1832)
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Bithynia graeca Westerlund, 1879[6]
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Bithynia hambergerae A. Reischütz, N. Reischütz & P. L. Reischütz, 2008
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Bithynia italica (Paulucci, 1879)[6]
- † Bithynia jurinaci Brusina, 1884
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Bithynia kobialkai Glöer & Beckmann, 2007[14]
- † Bithynia leberonensis Fischer & Tournouër, 1873
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Bithynia lithoglyphoides (Nesemann & G. Sharma, 2007)
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Bithynia longicornis Benson - in China[11]
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Bithynia majorcina Glöer & Rolán, 2007[15]
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Bithynia manonellesi Altaba, 2007
- † Bithynia marasinica Andrusov, 1909
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Bithynia mazandaranensis Glöer & Pešić, 2012
- † Bithynia mediocris Ludwig, 1865
- † Bithynia minor Locard, 1878
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臺灣圓沼螺 Bithynia misella (Gredler, 1884)[16]
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Bithynia montenegrina Wohlberedt, 1901
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Bithynia mostarensis Möllendorff, 1873[6]
- † Bithynia multicostata Tchernov, 1975
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Bithynia nakeae Glöer & Beckmann, 2007[14]
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Bithynia numidica Bourguignat, 1864
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Bithynia orcula Frauenfeld, 1862
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Bithynia pauli Altaba, 2007
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Bithynia pesicii Glöer & Yildirim, 2006
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Bithynia phialensis (Conrad, 1852)
- † Bithynia phrygica (Fischer in Tchihatcheff, 1866)
- † Bithynia pilari Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875
- † Bithynia pisidica Oppenheim, 1919
- † Bithynia podarensis (Pană in Pană et al., 1981)
- † Bithynia pontica Gozhik, 2002
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Bithynia prespensis Hadžišče, 1963
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Bithynia prestoni Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
- † Bithynia protemmericia Willmann, 1981
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Bithynia pseudemmericia Schütt, 1964
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Bithynia pulchella (Benson, 1836)
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Bithynia quintanai Glöer & Beckmann, 2007[14]
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Bithynia radomani Glöer & Pešić, 2007[6]
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Bithynia raptiensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
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Bithynia reharensis Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
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Bithynia riddifordi Altaba, 2007
- † Bithynia rubella Schütt in Schütt & Besenecker, 1973
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Bithynia rubens (Menke, 1830)
- † Bithynia rumana Porumbaru, 1881
- † Bithynia sabbae Gozhik, 2002
- † Bithynia schuetti Schlickum & Strauch, 1974
-
Bithynia schwabii Frauenfeld, 1865[6]
- † Bithynia sermenazensis Depéret, 1894
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Bithynia shapkarevi Glöer, Shoreva & Slavevska-Stamenković, 2015
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Bithynia sibirica Westerlund, 1886
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Bithynia sistanica (Annandale & Prashad, 1919)
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Bithynia skadarskii Glöer & Pešić, 2007[6]
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Bithynia starmuehlneri Glöer & Pešić, 2012
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Bithynia stenothyroides (Dohrn, 1857)
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Bithynia subbaraoi Glöer & Bössneck, 2013
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Bithynia timmii Odabaşı & Arslan, 2015
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Bithynia transsilvanica Bielz, 1853
- † Bithynia ungeri (Rolle, 1860)
- † Bithynia veneria Fontannes, 1881
- † Bithynia verneuili (Mayer, 1856)
- † Bithynia verrii de Stefani, 1880
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Bithynia vukotinovici Brusina, 1874 †
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Bithynia walderdorffii Frauenfeld, 1865[6]
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Bithynia walkeri (Brandt, 1968)[17]
-
Bithynia yildirimi Glöer & Georgiev, 2012
-
Bithynia zeta Glöer & Pešić, 2007[6]
- † Bithynia zoranici Brusina, 1902
Synonyms:
-
Bithynia badiella (Küster, 1852): synonym of Pseudobithynia badiella (Küster, 1853)
- † Bithynia bengestensis Fontannes, 1887: synonym of † Tylopoma bengestiensis (Fontannes, 1887)
- † Bithynia brusinai Halaváts, 1903: synonym of † Lithoglyphus acutus decipiens Brusina, 1885
- † Bithynia crassitesta (Brömme, 1883): synonym of † Parafossarulus crassitesta (Brömme, 1883)
- † Bithynia curta Locard, 1893: synonym of † Bithynia glabra helvetica (Wenz, 1930)
- † Bithynia gracilis Sandberger, 1875: synonym of † Bithynia glabra glabra (von Zieten, 1832)
-
Bithynia hamicensis Pallary, 1939: synonym of Pseudobithynia hamicensis (Pallary, 1939)
- † Bithynia labiata Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875: synonym of † Neumayria labiata (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875)
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Bithynia leachi (Sheppard, 1823): synonym of Bithynia leachii (Sheppard, 1823)
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Bithynia majewsky Frauenfeld, 1862: synonym of Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- † Bithynia margaritula Fuchs, 1870: synonym of † Pseudamnicola (Pseudamnicola) margaritula (Fuchs, 1870)
-
Bithynia narentana Locard, 1874 : synonym of Bithynia mostarensis Möllendorff, 1873
-
Bithynia pentheri Sturany, 1904: synonym of Pseudobithynia pentheri (Sturany, 1904)[18]
-
Bithynia phaeacina Locard, 1887: synonym of Pseudobithynia renei (Letourneux, 1887)
- † Bithynia podwinensis Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875: synonym of † Neumayria podwinensis (Neumayr in Neumayr & Paul, 1875)
- † Bithynia proxima Fuchs, 1870: synonym of † Pseudamnicola proxima (Fuchs, 1870)
-
Bithynia saulcyi Bourguignat, 1853: synonym of Pseudobithynia saulcyi (Bourguignat, 1853)
- † Bithynia scalaris Fuchs, 1877: synonym of † Bythinella megarensis Bukowski, 1896
- † Bithynia spoliata Stefanescu, 1896: synonym of † Neumayria spoliata (Stefanescu, 1896)
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Bithynia stossichiana Locard, 1894: synonym of Pseudobithynia renei (Letourneux, 1887)
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Bithynia uzielliana Issel, 1866: synonym of Gangetia uzielliana (Issel, 1866)
- † Bithynia vucotinovici Brusina, 1874: synonym of † Neumayria vukotinovici (Brusina, 1874)
- † Bithynia vukotinovici Brusina, 1874: synonym of † Neumayria vukotinovici (Brusina, 1874)
參看
參考文獻
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^ Abel C. (1818). Narrative of a journey in the interior of China, and of a voyage to and from that country, in the years 1816 and 1817; containing an account of the most interesting transactions of Lord Amherst's embassy to the court of Pekin, and observations on the countries which it visited. Illustrated by maps and other engravings. pp. i-xvi [= 1-16], 1-420, pl. [1-22]. London. (Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown). Bithynia at page 362.
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^ 2.0 2.1 WoRMS. Bithynia Leach, 1818. World Register of Marine Species. 2014 [2014-11-19].
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^ Tohamy, A. A.; Mohamed, S. M. Chromosomal studies on two Egyptian freshwater snails, Cleopatra and Bithynia (Mollusca-Prosobranchiata) (PDF). Arab J. Biotech.. 2006, 9 (1): 17–26. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-24） （英语）.
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^ Pešić, V.; Glöer, P. A new freshwater snail genus (Hydrobiidae, Gastropoda) from Montenegro, with a discussion on gastropod diversity and endemism in Skadar Lake. ZooKeys. 2013, 281: 69–90. doi:10.3897/zookeys.281.4409 （英语）.
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^ 5.0 5.1 Glöer, P. Die Süßwassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas [北歐和中歐的淡水腹足綱軟體動物]. Hackenheim: Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, ConchBooks. 2002: 326 pp. ISBN 3-925919-60-0 （德语）.
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^ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 Species in genus Bithynia (n=13). AnimalBase, accessed 30 December 2012.
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^ Stefani (1876). Atti Soc. Toscana Sci. nat. 2: 165 [nomen novum]; (1877) 3: 322.
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^ Annandale (1920). Indian J. med. Res. 8: 104.
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^ Richter K. & Simonis J. (2012). "Bithynia funiculata". In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 30 December 2012.
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^ Phongsasakulchoti, P.; Sri-Aroon, P.; Kerdpuech, Y. Emergence of Opisthorchis viverrini cercariae from naturally infected Bithynia (Digoniostoma) siamensis goniomphalos. The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health. 2005,. 36 Suppl 4: 189–191. PMID 16438207..
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^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Traub, R. J.; MacAranas, J.; Mungthin, M.; Leelayoova, S.; Cribb, T.; Murrell, K. D.; Thompson, R. C. A. Sripa, Banchob, 编. A New PCR-Based Approach Indicates the Range of Clonorchis sinensis Now Extends to Central Thailand. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2009, 3 (1): e367. PMC 2614470. PMID 19156191. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000367.
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^ Richter K. & Simonis J. (2012). "Bithynia siamensis". In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 31 December 2012.
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^ Yildirim M. Z., Koca S. B. & Kebapçi U. (2006). "Supplement to the Prosobranchia (Mollusca: Gastropoda) Fauna of Fresh and Brackish Waters of Turkey". Turkish Journal of Zoology 30: 197-204. PDF
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^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Glöer P. & Beckmann K.-H. (2007). "Radix lilli n. sp. und drei neue Bithynia-Arten von den Balearen (Gastropoda: Bithyniidae, Lymnaeidae). pp. 163-170. In: Beckmann K.-H.: Die Land- und Süßwassermollusken der Balearischen Inseln. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 255 pp., ISBN 978-3-939767-05-3.
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^ Glöer P. & Rolán E. (2007). "Bithynia majorcina n. sp., a new species from the Balearics (Gastropoda: Bithyniidae). pp. 159-162. In: Beckmann K.-H.: Die Land- und Süßwassermollusken der Balearischen Inseln. ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 255 pp., ISBN 978-3-939767-05-3.
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^ Madhyastha A. (2012). "Bithynia misella". In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 30 December 2012.
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^ Allen D. (2012). "Bithynia walkeri". In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. . Downloaded on 15 March 2014.
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^ Kebapçı U. (2011). "Pseudobithynia pentheri". In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. . Downloaded on 31 December 2012.
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