Mobula hypostoma (Bancroft 1831)

Cephalic fins smaller, tail longer without spine (Ref. 7251). Upper surface black (Ref. 6902).

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Copulation has been observed to be in a venter to venter position while the pair swims at the surface. Mating reported to last 10 minutes. Litter number 1 (Ref. 12951).

Occurs in shallow coastal waters. Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans but may take small schooling fishes. Found singly, in small groups, and in schools.

Occurs in shallow coastal waters (Ref. 12951). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans but may take small schooling fishes (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Found singly, in small groups, and in schools (Ref. 12951). Swimming at high speed and often leap high above the surface (Ref. 6902). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans, but also on small schooling fishes (Ref. 114953). Meat used for food and a source of oil (Ref. 6902).

fisheries: minor commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family