Diagnostic Description
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fishbase
Cephalic fins smaller, tail longer without spine (Ref. 7251). Upper surface black (Ref. 6902).
- Recorder
- Arlene G. Sampang-Reyes
Life Cycle
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fishbase
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Copulation has been observed to be in a venter to venter position while the pair swims at the surface. Mating reported to last 10 minutes. Litter number 1 (Ref. 12951).
- Recorder
- Cristina V. Garilao
Trophic Strategy
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fishbase
Occurs in shallow coastal waters. Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans but may take small schooling fishes. Found singly, in small groups, and in schools.
- Recorder
- Drina Sta. Iglesia
Biology
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fishbase
Occurs in shallow coastal waters (Ref. 12951). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans but may take small schooling fishes (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Found singly, in small groups, and in schools (Ref. 12951). Swimming at high speed and often leap high above the surface (Ref. 6902). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans, but also on small schooling fishes (Ref. 114953). Meat used for food and a source of oil (Ref. 6902).
Importance
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fishbase
fisheries: minor commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family