Percina tanasi Etnier 1976

The snail darter has become a symbol for conservationists and anti-environmentalists alike. Eventually, an act was passed by Congress requiring completion of the Tellico Dam. The act went on record as being the first offical U.S. government decision to extirpate a species. Only because of a successful transplant by the Fish and Wildlife Service does the snail darter still exist. The animal is a reminder of the relative importance of conserving biodiversity compared to development in the eyes of the United States government.

Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

Originally classified as Endangered on October 9, 1975. Reclassified as Threatened on July 5, 1984. A number of new populations have been found, increasing the number of known individuals.

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: vulnerable

The snail darter case caused the Tellico Dam project to be halted. In response, Congress amended the Endangered Species Act to include a "God Squad", which could overrule protecting a species under enormous economic sacrifice. The committee got its name because it can play "God" and allow species to go extinct for economic reasons.

By traditional economics, the snail darter has no significant positive economic importance. However, when listed as an Endangered Species in 1975, it was the focus of a Supreme Court case that set the precedent for protecting endangered species, regardless of cost.

The snail darter eats small invertebrates, with aquatic snails making up about 60 percent of the darter's food, with some variation among seasons.

Once limited to the Tennessee River and tributaries, the darter now also lives in connected reservoirs. In 1975 and 1976, a population was transplanted to the Hiwassee River, and is doing well.

Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )

Moderately flowing, vegetated streams with sandy bottoms and wide shoals for spawning.

Aquatic Biomes: rivers and streams

Average lifespan
Status: captivity: 4 years.

Other Physical Features: bilateral symmetry

Between January and mid-March, adult snail darters spawn on river shoals. Eggs deposited in gravel or on rocks hatch in 15 to 20 days.