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Acer diabolicum, the horned maple or devil maple,[2] is a species of maple that is endemic to central and southern Japan. There it is known as カジカエデ, kaji kaede[a] or オニモミジ, oni‑momiji,[b] and is planted as an ornamental. It is occasionally planted as an ornamental outside Japan. It gets its specific epithet and its common names from the two hornlike appearance of the protruding curly stigmas of its flowers, which are retained on its winged seeds.[2]
In the wild in Japan, Acer diabolicum typically reaches 10 to 15 m, rarely 20 m, with a fairly wide, rounded canopy. Young branches are brown or reddish brown in their second year and changing to a light grayish brown. Older bark is grayish brown, and nearly smooth or slightly pebbled.[6] In its bark it somewhat resembles members of the snakebark maples (Acer sect. Macrantha), but it is a member of Acer sect. Lithocarpa.[7]
The winter buds are ovate to oblong-ovate, dark brown in color, and protected by 6 to 8 pairs of pubescent scales. Petioles are long and slender from 4 to 10 cm, with some pubescence at their apices. The deciduous leaves have five lobes, and are from 10 to 12 centimetres in length and breadth. They are cordate or subcordate, and rarely basally truncate. The lobes are broadly ovate, acuminate, and distally dentately serrate, or one might say crenately dentate, with the teeth broadly acute or even obtusish. The middle lobe is larger and itself frequently slightly three-lobed. The two basal lobes are smaller have perhaps one or two teeth on their margins. Young leaves have long silky caducous hairs, and retain some pubescence on their undersides at maturity.[8]
The trees are dioecious, with the usually salmon to brick red flowers appearing in early spring before the leaves fully unfurl. Staminate (male) flowers are held in 8 to 10 flowered nodding fascicle-like racemes. The slender pedicels are pilose or glabrate and from 2 to 4 cm long. The perianth is broadly campanulate and typically 4 mm long, with 4 to 8 unequal lobes. There are eight 8 mm long stamens, and no petals. Anthers are oval.[8]
Pistillate (female) flowers are held in 5 to 7 flowered pendulous sessile or peduncled racemes, and are 2 to 3 cm long. Their pedicels are 5 to 10 mm long. The sepals are elliptic, obtuse, and 5 to 6 mm long. The petals are oblong, ovaries are densely pubescent, styles are short with two curled stigmas projecting past the petals.[8]
The typically 3 cm long samaras hang from pendulous racemes, and drop in October. Bristles sheath the area containing the seeds, supporting the retained curly stigmas which have a hornlike appearance. It is these horns which give the plant its scientific and common names.[2]
Acer diabolicum is found growing on wooded mountain slopes exclusively on Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu islands of Japan. It is generally rare, preferring the warmer conditions of the Pacific side.[9][10]
Seeds from the purplish-red flowered purpurascens variety or form of Acer diabolicum were sent to botanical gardens in Britain and the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s.[11] As a consequence, the more common pinkish-red flowered form is still difficult to obtain from commercial nurseries. In springtime, the emerging foliage and male flowers are reddish and rather striking, especially on the purpurascens form. In the US it makes a sturdy tree, and it does best in USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 6a to 8b.[12] In Zone 5 it will probably need to be planted on a south slope or otherwise protected place. Its wide growth form largely precludes it from being planted on street parkways, but the fact that it, unlike most maples, has male and female individuals it makes it useful to plant males in landscape and garden applications where seedlings are not desired.[13] The flowers attract pollinators.
In Japan it is planted as an ornamental, and its timber was used like other maples. In its large leaves and its growth form it is similar in landscape application to the sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus).[14] The similarity to the sycamore and its rather ordinary yellow to orange fall foliage have discouraged its widespread adoption as an ornamental outside Japan.[15]
Acer diabolicum, the horned maple or devil maple, is a species of maple that is endemic to central and southern Japan. There it is known as カジカエデ, kaji kaede or オニモミジ, oni‑momiji, and is planted as an ornamental. It is occasionally planted as an ornamental outside Japan. It gets its specific epithet and its common names from the two hornlike appearance of the protruding curly stigmas of its flowers, which are retained on its winged seeds.
Klon diabelski, klon kosmaty (Acer diabolicum Blume ex K.Koch) – gatunek drzewa z rodziny mydleńcowatych (Sapindaceae). W obrębie rodzaju klasyfikowany do sekcji Lithocarpa i serii Lithocarpa[2]. Naturalnie występuje w górskich lasach Japonii. W Polsce można spotkać w arboretach w Rogowie i Przelewicach. Gatunek całkowicie mrozoodporny.
Klon diabelski, klon kosmaty (Acer diabolicum Blume ex K.Koch) – gatunek drzewa z rodziny mydleńcowatych (Sapindaceae). W obrębie rodzaju klasyfikowany do sekcji Lithocarpa i serii Lithocarpa. Naturalnie występuje w górskich lasach Japonii. W Polsce można spotkać w arboretach w Rogowie i Przelewicach. Gatunek całkowicie mrozoodporny.
Acer purpurascens é uma espécie de árvore do gênero Acer, pertencente à família Aceraceae.[1]
Acer diabolicum là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Bồ hòn. Loài này được Blume ex K.Koch mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1864.[1]
Acer diabolicum là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Bồ hòn. Loài này được Blume ex K.Koch mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1864.
カジカエデ（梶楓、学名：Acer diabolicum）はムクロジ科カエデ属の落葉高木。雌雄異種。別名、オニモミジ。古いクロンキスト体系ではムクロジ科に含められている。
樹高は10-15m [1]、高いものは20m [2]に及ぶ。冬芽の鱗片は8-12対あり、瓦重ね状に並び、縁に短毛が生える。今年枝には褐色の短毛が生えるが、のちに落ちる。鱗片葉は長さ2.5-3cmになる広線形で、背面に淡黄褐色の絹毛を密生させ、葉が展開した後落ちる。葉は1-4対、対生する。葉身は、長さ4-12cm、幅5-15cmの5角形で、掌状に3-5浅・中裂し、基部は心形になり、縁は大きく粗い鋸歯がある。葉の表面の葉脈上と裏面に短伏毛があり、縁に短毛が密生し、表面の細脈は隆起する。葉柄は長さ1.5-10cmあり、葉身と同じ長さかまたは短く、短毛がある。
花期は4-5月。葉が展開する前に、長さ3-5cmの散房花序 [1]を前年枝の側芽から出す。花はふつう暗紅色[1]で、雄花と比べ雌花の方が色が淡い[3]。雄花序は花が5-15個垂れ下がり、花柄は長さ1-3cm、萼片と花弁が部分的に合着した長さ5mmになる鐘形の花被筒になり[2]、雄蕊は7-10個で花被筒より長く、退化雌蕊は微小。雌花序は花が3-9個やや上向きにつき、萼片、花弁は5個ときに4個で合着せず[3]、雄蕊はなく、子房は短毛が密生し、花柱は外曲する。果期は7-8月。果実は翼果で、黄褐色の長剛毛があり、分果の長さは2.5-3cmになり、翼果は鋭角に開く[2]か、ほとんど開かない[1]。
和名は、葉がクワ科のカジノキ（梶の木）に似ることによる[1]。
日本固有種。本州の宮城県以南、四国および九州に分布し、暖帯および温帯の山地の肥沃な谷間や緩やかな傾斜地の中腹に生育する[1]。東北地方の日本海側、新潟県、長野県北部、富山県にはなく[2]、近畿地方、中国地方には少ない[1]。
材は、器具材として利用される。また、公園樹として植栽される[1]。
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