Atrophaneura varuna (White 1842)

বাদুলিপাখিৰ পখিলা (ইংৰাজী: Common Batwing, বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম- Atrophaneura varuna) ভাৰতত দেখা পোৱা চাতকনেজীয়া পখিলাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত এটা অন্যতম পখিলাৰ প্ৰজাতি৷ ই Atrophaneura গোত্ৰৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত৷

বিৱৰণ

• Wingspan - 88 to 136mm.
• Male : Tailless. Above, the butterfly is bluish-black and unmarked.

It has a scent patch in a rounded black-brown dorsal fold. When the fold is opened, the white lower half of the scent patch can be seen.

• The abdomen has white stripes. The head of the butterfly is rose-coloured.
• Female : Tailless. Above, the butterfly is grey-brown. It has dark stripes in between the veins. It has a large pale patch below vein 2 on the upper forewing.^[2]

টেক্স'নমি

বাদুলিপাখিৰ পখিলাৰ দুটা উপ-প্ৰজাতি দেখিবলৈ পোৱা যায়৷ এই দুটা হৈছে-

• A. varuna astorion (Westwood) 1842 is found from Kumaon to Tavoy.
• A. varuna varuna (White) is found from Mergui to southern Myanmar and is rare.

বিতৰণ

পূব নেপাল, উত্তৰ ভাৰত, ম্যানমাৰ,থাইলেণ্ড, উত্তৰ লাওছ, উত্তৰ ভিয়েটনাম আৰু মালয়েছিয়া আদি দেশত এই পখিলাবিধ দেখা পোৱা যায়৷

বাসস্থান

The Common Batwing occurs from the Terai up to the altitude of 7000 feet.

আচৰণ

The Common Batwing is a butterfly of hot, low altitude jungles. It has a slow and graceful flight and can be seen cruising along river valleys and high over stream-beds. Both sexes frequent flowers, Lantana being a preferred species. It has a disagreeable smell.

পোষক উদ্ভিদ

• Family Aristolochiaceae.
  • Aristolochia kaempferi.

তথ্যসুত্ৰ

1. ↑ White, A. (1842): Notice of two New Species of Papilio from Penang, presented to the British Museum by Sir Wm. Norris. The Entomologist 1 (17), pp. 280.
2. ↑ Bingham, C. T. 1907. Fauna of British India. Butterflies. Volume 2

• Collins, N.M. & Morris, M.G. (1985) Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World. IUCN. ISBN 2-88032-603-6
• Evans, W.H. (1932) The Identification of Indian Butterflies. (2nd Ed), Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India
• Haribal, Meena (1994) Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and their Natural History.
• Wynter-Blyth, M.A. (1957) Butterflies of the Indian Region, Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.

Atrophaneura varuna, the common batwing, is a butterfly found in India and Southeast Asia that belongs to the swallowtail family, and more specifically, the batwings group of Atrophaneura, comprising tailless black swallowtail butterflies.

Range

Eastern Nepal, northern India (from Kumaon to Sikkim), Myanmar, Thailand, northern Laos, northern Vietnam, Bangladesh and Peninsular Malaysia.

Status

The butterfly is not rare across most of its range. It is extinct in Singapore.

Description

• Wingspan: 88 to 136 mm.
• Male: Tailless. Above, the butterfly is bluish black and unmarked.

It has a scent patch in a rounded black-brown dorsal fold. When the fold is opened, the white lower half of the scent patch can be seen.

• The abdomen has white stripes. The head of the butterfly is rose coloured.
• Female: Tailless. Above, the butterfly is grey brown. It has dark stripes in between the veins. It has a large pale patch below vein 2 on the upper forewing.

Male: Upperside rich velvety blue black. Forewing: outwardly towards the terminal margin and the whole of the hindwing except the dorsal area have in certain lights a rich dark purple bloom, in others a very dark green; dorsal area and the whole inner side of the sexual fold opaque brownish black; outer half of forewing with pale adnervular streaks more or less prominent. Underside similar; forewing with the adnervular pale streaks broader, more prominent, extended further inwards well up to the terminal margin. Hindwing: ground colour more uniform blue black than on the upperside. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen black; the head, in front, on the sides and beneath, the sides of the thorax and of the abdomen rich crimson; beneath, the thorax and abdomen black, the latter with lateral black spots in addition on its crimson sides.

Female: Upperside dull black. Forewing with the pale greyish-green streaks very broad and prominent, especially in interspaces 1 and 2, the streaks extend also into the cell. Hindwing more uniform, with a dark dull blue, in some lights dark green, bloom. Underside similar, the streaks on the forewing broader and paler; hindwing as on the upperside, more uniform, duller, opaque. Antennae and thorax black, abdomen dull brownish black, head crimson; beneath as in the male, but the crimson less bright, especially on the sides of the abdomen and without the lateral spots on the latter.

In Sikkim, according to Henry John Elwes and Lionel de Nicéville, it occurs from quite low elevations in the Terai up to 7,000 feet (2,100 m). Its almost uniform dark colour renders it inconspicuous in the jungle, and it is therefore difficult to account for its being further protected by a disagreeable smell and probably taste. James Wood-Mason has recorded that the females have a strong and disgustingly rank musky odour.^[2]

Taxonomy

There are two subspecies:

• A. v. astorion (Westwood), 1842 is found from Kumaon to Tavoy.
• A. v. varuna (White, 1842) is found from Mergui to southern Myanmar and is rare.

Habitat

The Common Batwing occurs from the Terai up to the altitude of 7000 feet.

Habits

The common batwing is a butterfly of hot, low altitude jungles. It has a slow and graceful flight and can be seen cruising along river valleys and high over stream beds. Both sexes frequent flowers, Lantana being a preferred species. It has a disagreeable smell.

Food plants

• Family Aristolochiaceae
  • Aristolochia kaempferi

Etymology

It is named for the sky god Varuna in Vedic religion. (Sanskrit Varuṇa वरुण, Malay: Baruna or Waruna.)

See also

• Papilionidae
• List of butterflies of India
• List of butterflies of India (Papilionidae)

Cited references

References

• Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
• Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society.
• Haribal, Meena (1992). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
• Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329.

De vleermuisvlinder (Atrophaneura varuna) is een vlinder uit de familie van de pages (Papilionidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1842 door Francis Buchanan White.

Kenmerken

Deze overwegend zwarte vlinder heeft enkele lichte strepen op de voorvleugels. De achtervleugels dragen geen staarten, zoals bij de meeste andere vlinders van deze tribus. De spanwijdte bedraagt ongeveer 15 cm.

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze vlindersoort komt voor in noordoostelijk India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos en van Vietnam tot Maleisië.

• Vlinderencyclopedie, (6e druk 2010) Rebo Productions B.V., Lisse. ISBN 978 90 366 2806 8.

Atrophaneura varuna là một loài bướm ngày thuộc họ Papilionidae. Loài này phân bố ở Đông Nepal, phía bắc Ấn Độ (từ Kumaon đến Sikkim), Myanma, Thái Lan, phía bắc Lào, phía Bắc Việt Nam và bán đảo Malaysia. Sải cánh dài 88–136 mm.

Phân loài

Loài này có các phân loài sau:

• A. varuna astorion (Westwood) 1842 và được tìm thấy ở Kumaon đến Tavoy.
• A. varuna varuna (White) ở Mergui đến nam Myanma và hiếm.

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

Tham khảo

• Dữ liệu liên quan tới Atrophaneura varuna tại Wikispecies
• Phương tiện liên quan tới Atrophaneura varuna tại Wikimedia Commons

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