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Distribution ( Inglês )

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Ganzu pikas (Ochotona cansus) are endemic to China and are located in the Ganzu, Qinghai, and Sichuan provinces.

Biogeographic Regions: palearctic (Native )

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Byrnes, R. 2007. "Ochotona cansus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ochotona_cansus.html
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Ryan Byrnes, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Associations ( Inglês )

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Ganzu pikas impact vegetation communities through their grazing and food storage. They may also be important prey for native predators in steppe ecosystems.

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Byrnes, R. 2007. "Ochotona cansus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ochotona_cansus.html
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Ryan Byrnes, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Benefits ( Inglês )

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Ganzu pikas are important members of their native ecosystems.

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Byrnes, R. 2007. "Ochotona cansus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ochotona_cansus.html
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Ryan Byrnes, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Benefits ( Inglês )

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There are no known adverse effects of Ochotona cansus on humans.

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Byrnes, R. 2007. "Ochotona cansus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ochotona_cansus.html
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Ryan Byrnes, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Conservation Status ( Inglês )

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Ochotona cansus populations do not appear to be in decline, therefore they are assessed as Least Concern.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

State of Michigan List: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Byrnes, R. 2007. "Ochotona cansus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ochotona_cansus.html
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Ryan Byrnes, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Behavior ( Inglês )

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Ganzu pikas use their vision to remain vigilant for predators. When two littermates are together they often display body contact or play. When two males come close enough to be seen, the two males will often display warning postures and then chase or retreat into respective territories (Jiang and Wang 1991).

Like many other pikas (Ochotona), Ganzu pikas make frequent, sharp calls. There were 4 types of called identified:

  1. Long calls are used only by males and last about 8 seconds. Other males ignored the male that was giving the call. It is speculated that this is a breeding call because it is used during the breeding season.
  2. Short calls are used by both sexes and sound like "kit". They are used as a predator warning call. Neighboring pikas respond strongly to the call, fleeing to cover or burrows. Short calls probably play important role in intra-population contact as well.
  3. Trills are used by both sexes. They sound like "ki-ki", and occur at dusk and dawn. This call immediately triggers responses from other Ganzu pikas, and are often intermingled with short calls as well.
  4. Whines consisted of 1 to 3 weak "ku-ku" calls. The caller was usually near the natal burrow. This call is believed to communicate anxiety in young pika and functions as mother-infant contact. When the call was heard by the mother, she went to her young and began to nurse them.

Ganzu pikas, like other mammals, also use chemical cues extensively in communicating. Important forms of chemical communication are:

  1. Cheek rubbing, which is seen only in males during the breeding season. The areas that were rubbed were areas that overlapped parts of another males home range.
  2. Anus rubbing, also seen only in males during breeding season, it is thought to be a form of territorial marking, occuring when males are defecating.
  3. Nasal-nasal or oral-nasal contact. This usually occurred when two individuals encountered each other. This behavior may be important for the two individuals to become familiar with each other’s odor and identity. This behavior is indicative of a intimate relationship between two individuals.

Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

Other Communication Modes: choruses ; scent marks

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Byrnes, R. 2007. "Ochotona cansus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ochotona_cansus.html
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Ryan Byrnes, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Sem título ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

To date, most systematic treatments of Ochotona have been based on morphological characteristics; however, morphology often exhibits phenotypic plasticity and convergent evolution. The goal of the Changlin et al. (1997) study was to clarify confusion concerning six species of Chinese pikas through mtDNA restriction-site analysis. Ganzu pikas are often included in Moupin pika species (Ochotona thibetana) because of similarities in pelage color, size, and shape of the skull. Mitochondrial DNA analysis determined that these were in fact two separate species. Changlin et al. (1997) suggest that evolutionary diversification of pikas might be influenced by historical episodes of geologic and climatic changes. During the early Pleistocene the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau was uplifted, which resulted in an ice age, and moutain formation. Northwestern China became drier due to the rain shadow effect caused by the plateau. Therefore, vegetation was significantly altered and isolation of habitats was frequent. All of these events provide good opportunity for diversification and specialization within the genus Ochotona. Recent geological studies show that an ice sheet did not cover the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau during the Quaternary Ice Age. Therefore, ancestral pikas may have been typical of arid, cold adapted steppes, but now are located in steppe, shrub, coniferous forests, and alpine rocks. This suggests that pikas responded to habitat shifts induced by continued uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and glacial cycles from the late Pliocene to the Pleistocene through gradual adaptation to new habitats (Changlin et al., 1997).

Ochotona emerged in the fossil record in the late Miocene in central Asia (Changlin et al., 1997).

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Byrnes, R. 2007. "Ochotona cansus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ochotona_cansus.html
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Ryan Byrnes, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Trophic Strategy ( Inglês )

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Ganzu pikas, like most pikas, are herbivorous, grazing on the grasses and herbaceous plants in their native communities.

Plant Foods: leaves; wood, bark, or stems; flowers

Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore )

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Byrnes, R. 2007. "Ochotona cansus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ochotona_cansus.html
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Ryan Byrnes, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Habitat ( Inglês )

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Ganzu pikas inhabit alpine shrub habitats, which are part of steppe-meadow environments. Ganzu pikas live in alpine areas where temperatures fall below freezing even during summer nights, with elevations ranging from 2000 to 4000 m (Kenagy and Zheng, 2006). Ganzu pikas are mainly found in shrubby cinquefoil (Dasiphora fruticosa), but avoid dense shrub areas, preferring areas slightly open such as natural mounds created by zokors (Myospalax). These mounds are used to avoid predators, allowing the pikas to see easier and having escape nearby (Jiang and Wang 1991).

Range elevation: 2000 to 4000 m.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland

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Byrnes, R. 2007. "Ochotona cansus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ochotona_cansus.html
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Ryan Byrnes, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Life Expectancy ( Inglês )

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No information on longevity of Ganzu pikas was found in the literature. Most pikas live for only a few years, with high first year mortality rates.

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Byrnes, R. 2007. "Ochotona cansus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ochotona_cansus.html
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Ryan Byrnes, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Chris Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Morphology ( Inglês )

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The physical morphology of Ganzu pikas is similar to that of Moupin pikas (Ochotona thibetana), and they can be confused in the field. However, Changlin et. al. 1997 suggests that the two species can be identified by the zygomatic arch. Ganzu pikas have narrower zygomatic arches than Moupin pikas.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike

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Byrnes, R. 2007. "Ochotona cansus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ochotona_cansus.html
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Associations ( Inglês )

fornecido por Animal Diversity Web

Through visual communication, Ganzu pikas are well adapted to predator evasion. Ganzu pikas remain vigilant, especially to aerial predators, and have a set of warning calls to alert others to danger. Warning calls trigger other pikas to respond with more warning calls, maximizing the efficiency of the transmission of danger signals. Buteo hemilasius, Falco cherrug, Mustela eversmanii, and Mustela altaica are the major predators of Ganzu pikas.

Known Predators:

  • upland buzzards (Buteo hemilasius)
  • Saker falcons (Falco cherrug)
  • steppe polecats (Mustela eversmanii)
  • mountain weasels (Mustela altaica)
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Byrnes, R. 2007. "Ochotona cansus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ochotona_cansus.html
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Ryan Byrnes, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Reproduction ( Inglês )

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The mating system of Ganzu pikas includes monogamy, polygyny, polyandry, and promiscuous systems. Jiang and Wang, 1991 indicate that Ganzu pikas exhibited a facultative monogamy mating system. Polygynous situations may be common considering the non-uniform distribution of high-quality habitats, male emancipation from parental care, and asynchrony of female estrus.

Mating System: monogamous ; polygynous ; polygynandrous (promiscuous)

Ganzu pikas breed from April to August. They have a gestation period of about 20 days, and a lactation period of about 18 days. The litter size can be anywhere from 3 to 6 young. Ganzu pikas can breed at least 3 times per year, resulting in 9 to 18 young per year. The young are altricial and emerge from the burrow about 10 days after birth. Subadults (pika less than 1 year old) can and have been observed breeding. Males do not care for the young, even in monogamous pairs.

Nests are constructed 2 to 3 hours before parturition, with a size of 15 cm, consisting of dry grass and hair of yak and sheep. Once the babies are born the mother does not come back to the nest except to nurse.

Breeding interval: Ganzu pikas can breed at least 3 times per year.

Breeding season: Breeding occurs from April to August.

Range number of offspring: 3 to 6.

Average gestation period: 20 days.

Average weaning age: 18 days.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 1 years.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 1 years.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous ; post-partum estrous

Males rarely care for the young. Mother-offspring relationships resemble those of other medium-sized lagomorphs. Nursing is "scheduled" and the mother and her young remain separate except during the nursing period. The mother nurses young about 3 to 5 times a day. Infrequent contact between the mother and her young may promote dispersal and is perhaps related to the solitary habit of Ganzu pikas. The length of time taken to nurse is positively related to littler size. These pikas have only two teats, therefore the mother must stay longer with the babies ensuring that all young receive milk.

Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female)

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Byrnes, R. 2007. "Ochotona cansus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Ochotona_cansus.html
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Pika Gansu ( Bretã )

fornecido por wikipedia BR


Pika Gansu (Ochotona cansus) a zo ur bronneg geotdebrer hag a vev e kreiz Sina.

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Ochotona cansus ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

La pica de Gansu (Ochotona cansus) és una espècie de pica de la família dels ocotònids que viu a la Xina.

Descripció

El pica de Gansu és una pica relativament petita d'11,6 a 16,5 centímetres que pesa entre 50 i 100 grams.[1] La seva pell d'estiu és vermell fosc cap a marronós o bru grisós, amb moltes variacions de color d'una regió a l'altre. Del pit cap enrere hi ha una ratlla més clara. El ventre és de color blanc clar fins a bru groguenc. D'hiverns, el dors és d'un gris o bru vermellós uniforme. Les orelles mesure d'1,4 a 2,4 centímetres, les potes del darrer de 2,2 a 2,9 centímetres.[2] Té un gran crani en proporció amb la llargada total del cos. L'arc zigomàtic és més petit que l'espècie parent Ochotona thibetana.[1]

Distribució

Viu a la Xina al nord de la Regió Autònoma del Tibet i a la província de Sichuan, la Qinghai central i oriental fins al sud de Gansu a la província de Shaanxi, a una altitud d'entre 2700 i 3800.[3]

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Ochotona cansus Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
  1. 1,0 1,1 Smith, Andrew T.; Xie, Yan. «Gansu pika». A: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, 2008, p. 277–278. ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2.
  2. Chapman, Joseph A.; Flux (editors), John E. C.. Rabbits, Hares and Pikas. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan (en anglès). Gland: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), 1990, p. 23–25. ISBN 2-8317-0019-1.
  3. Smith, A.T. & Johnston, C.H.. Ochotona cansus. UICN 2008. Llista Vermella d'espècies amenaçades de la UICN, edició 2008, consultada el 23 d'octubre del 2015.
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Ochotona cansus: Brief Summary ( Catalão; Valenciano )

fornecido por wikipedia CA

La pica de Gansu (Ochotona cansus) és una espècie de pica de la família dels ocotònids que viu a la Xina.

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Gansu-Pfeifhase ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Der Gansu-Pfeifhase (Ochotona cansus) ist eine Säugetierart aus der Familie der Pfeifhasen (Ochotonidae) innerhalb der Hasenartigen (Lagomorpha). Ihr Verbreitungsgebiet befindet sich in der Volksrepublik China vom Norden der Provinzen Xizang und Sichuan über das zentrale und östliche Qinghai bis in den Süden von Gansu und in der Provinz Shaanxi.

Merkmale

Der Gansu-Pfeifhase ist ein vergleichsweise kleiner Pfeifhase mit einer Körperlänge von 11,6 bis 16,5 Zentimetern bei einem Gewicht von 50 bis 100 Gramm.[1] Er hat im Sommer ein dunkel rot- bis teebraunes oder dunkelbraunes bis matt-graubraunes Fell, wobei die Färbungen regional sehr stark variieren können. Von Brustraum bis zum Hinterleib zieht sich ein unscheinbarer, heller Streifen. Die Bauchseite ist hellweiß, teilweise gelblichbraun gefärbt. Im Winter ist die Rückenfärbung einheitlich grau bis rotbraun. Die Ohren erreichen eine Länge von 14 bis 24 Millimeter, die Hinterfüße sind 22 bis 29 Millimeter lang.[1][2]

Der Schädel ist für die geringe Körperlänge vergleichsweise groß, wenn auch kleiner und mit einem engeren Jochbogen als der häufig zum Vergleich herangezogene Moupin-Pfeifhase (Ochotona thibetana). Die Schneidezahn- und Gaumenfenster gehen bei dieser Art ineinander über und bilden ein gemeinsames Fenster. Die Paukenblase ist groß ausgebildet. Im Profil ist der Schädel birnenförmig und breiter als der von Ochotona thomasi.[1]

Verbreitung

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet von Ochotona cansus

Der Gansu-Pfeifhase lebt endemisch in der Volksrepublik China und kommt dort vom Norden der Provinzen Xizang und Sichuan über das zentrale und östliche Qinghai bis in den Süden von Gansu vor. Die Unterart O. c. morosa lebt isoliert in der Provinz Shaanxi.[3]

Die Höhenverbreitung der Tiere liegt normalerweise zwischen 2700 und 3800 Metern.[3]

Lebensweise

Der Lebensraum des Gansu-Pfeifhasen besteht aus offenen Flächen mit einer buschigen Vegetation entlang von Hochlandweiden[1] oder im Gras unter Fichten.[2] In den Gebieten, in denen er sympatrisch mit dem Schwarzlippigen Pfeifhasen (Ochotona curzoniae) vorkommt, findet man ihn jedoch nicht auf offenen Wiesen.[2][3] Die Tiere meiden aber auch zu dichtes Gebüsch und bevorzugen leicht offene Hügel oder die Grabhügel der Blindmulle.[2] Die Zone ist geprägt von Fingersträuchern (Dasiphora fruticosa) und Mähnen-Erbsensträuchern (Caragana jubata), die charakteristisch für die Höhenlagen zwischen 2700 und 3800 Metern sind. Dabei leben die Tiere in einfachen, selbst gegrabenen Bauten von etwa einem Meter Länge, mit wenigen Eingängen. Gelegentlich nutzen sie auch alte leerstehende Bauten des Himalaya-Murmeltiers (Marmota himalayana).[2] Sie sind tagaktiv und ernähren sich generalistisch von Pflanzenteilen.[3][1]

Die Tiere sind monogam, die Männchen verpaaren sich entsprechend nur mit einem Weibchen. Sie leben als Familiengruppe aus dem Elternpaar und den Jungtieren in einem gemeinsam genutzten Bau.[1] Die Fortpflanzungszeit reicht vom frühen April bis zum späten August.[3] Die Weibchen bringen jährlich drei Würfe mit bis zu jeweils 6 Jungtiere zur Welt,[1] die Tragzeit beträgt etwa 20 Tage.[3] Der weibliche Zyklus innerhalb der Population ist nicht synchron.[2] Die weiblichen Nachkommen können bereits im ersten Lebensjahr selbst Junge bekommen.[2]

Die Kommunikation findet vor allem innerhalb der Familie statt, wobei vier unterschiedliche Rufe bekannt sind: lange Pfiffe, die nur die Männchen ausstoßen, kurze Pfiffe als Zeichen für Gefahr und zur Verteidigung der Territorien sowie „Jammern“ und Triller.[1] Die Größe der Territorien ist abhängig von der Jahreszeit.[3]

Systematik

Der Gansu-Pfeifhase wurde als eigenständige Art den Pfeifhasen (Gattung Ochotona) und der Untergattung Ochotona zugeordnet.[4] Historisch wurden die Bestände Ochotona roylei und später vor allem Ochotona thibetana zugeordnet. Mit letzterem kommt die Art in weiten Teilen überlappend (sympatrisch) vor, wobei die beiden Arten jeweils unterschiedliche ökologische Nischen nutzen.[4]

Insgesamt werden vier Unterarten unterschieden, die Nominatform O. c. cansus, O. c. morosa, O. c. sorella und O. c. stevensi.[4][3] Einzelne Autoren ordnen O. c. morosa Ochotona thibetana zu, zu dem die Tiere sympatrisch im Tsing Ling Shan in der Provinz Shaanxi vorkommen. Nach aktuellen Daten wird zudem angeregt, die zu Ochotona dauurica gehörende Unterart O. d. annectens zu Ochotona cansus zu stellen.[4]

Gefährdung und Schutz

Die Art wird von der International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) aufgrund ihres großen Verbreitungsgebietes als nicht gefährdet (least concern) eingestuft.[3] Genaue Daten für die Bestandsgrößen liegen nicht vor, die Art wird jedoch als relativ häufig eingeschätzt. Insbesondere der Status der Unterart O. c. sorella, die seit mehr als 70 Jahren nicht mehr freilebend beobachtet wurde, sowie der isoliert lebenden Bestände der Unterart O. c. morosa ist unklar.[3] Größere Bedrohungen für die Bestände sind nicht bekannt, es wird jedoch angenommen, dass die Unterart O. c. sorella durch den Einsatz von Pestiziden zur Schädlingsbekämpfung stark reduziert wurde.[3]

Belege

  1. a b c d e f g h Gansu pika. In: Andrew T. Smith, Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2, S. 277–278.
  2. a b c d e f g Joseph A. Chapman, John E. C. Flux (Hrsg.): Rabbits, Hares and Pikas. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. (PDF; 11,3 MB) International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), Gland 1990, ISBN 2-8317-0019-1, S. 23–25.
  3. a b c d e f g h i j k Ochotona cansus in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2012.2. Eingestellt von: Andrew T. Smith, C. H. Johnston, 2008. Abgerufen am 2. Januar 2012.
  4. a b c d Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Hrsg.): Ochotona cansus (Memento des Originals vom 5. März 2016 im Internet Archive)  src= Info: Der Archivlink wurde automatisch eingesetzt und noch nicht geprüft. Bitte prüfe Original- und Archivlink gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis.@1@2Vorlage:Webachiv/IABot/www.vertebrates.si.edu. In: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. Auflage.

Literatur

Weblinks

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Gansu-Pfeifhase: Brief Summary ( Alemão )

fornecido por wikipedia DE

Der Gansu-Pfeifhase (Ochotona cansus) ist eine Säugetierart aus der Familie der Pfeifhasen (Ochotonidae) innerhalb der Hasenartigen (Lagomorpha). Ihr Verbreitungsgebiet befindet sich in der Volksrepublik China vom Norden der Provinzen Xizang und Sichuan über das zentrale und östliche Qinghai bis in den Süden von Gansu und in der Provinz Shaanxi.

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Pika ta' Gansu ( Maltese )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

Il-Pika ta' Gansu (Ochotona cansus) hija speċi ta' mammiferu plaċentat tal-familja Ochotonidae fl-ordni Lagomorpha.

Din l-ispeċi tagħmel parti mill-grupp tal-piki ta' l-isteppa li hu magħmul minn 9 speċi u miġburin fis-sottoġeneru Ochotona.

Il-Pika ta' Gansu hija speċi li tħobb tgħix fil-bejta li tħaffer hi stess taħt l-art. Din bħala speċi qiegħda klassifikata mil-"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" bħala waħda mifruxa u stabli (eċċezzjoni huma iż-2 sottospeċi "O.cansus sorella" li qiegħda imniżla fil-"Periklu ta' estinzjoni" u "O.cansus morosa" li qiegħda imniżla bħala "Vulnerabli"), b'hekk din qiegħda mniżżla fi stat ta' "L-inqas ħsieb" ("Least Concern").

Distribuzzjoni

Din hija speċi endemika taċ-Ċina mifruxa mal- muntanji fil-provinċi ta' Gansu, Quinghai u Sichuan.

Klassifikazzjoni

Referenzi

  • Hoffmann, Robert S., Andrew T. Smith (November 16, 2005). Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds) Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 191-192. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.
  • Lagomorph Specialist Group (1996).Ochotona cansus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
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Pika ta' Gansu: Brief Summary ( Maltese )

fornecido por wikipedia emerging languages

Il-Pika ta' Gansu (Ochotona cansus) hija speċi ta' mammiferu plaċentat tal-familja Ochotonidae fl-ordni Lagomorpha.

Din l-ispeċi tagħmel parti mill-grupp tal-piki ta' l-isteppa li hu magħmul minn 9 speċi u miġburin fis-sottoġeneru Ochotona.

Il-Pika ta' Gansu hija speċi li tħobb tgħix fil-bejta li tħaffer hi stess taħt l-art. Din bħala speċi qiegħda klassifikata mil-"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" bħala waħda mifruxa u stabli (eċċezzjoni huma iż-2 sottospeċi "O.cansus sorella" li qiegħda imniżla fil-"Periklu ta' estinzjoni" u "O.cansus morosa" li qiegħda imniżla bħala "Vulnerabli"), b'hekk din qiegħda mniżżla fi stat ta' "L-inqas ħsieb" ("Least Concern").

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Gansu pika ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The Gansu pika (Ochotona cansus) or gray pika is a species of mammal in the pika family, Ochotonidae.[1][2] It is endemic to China.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c Smith, A.T.; Liu, S. (2016). "Ochotona cansus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41256A45182335. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41256A45182335.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ Hoffman, R.S.; Smith, A.T. (2005). "Order Lagomorpha". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

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Gansu pika: Brief Summary ( Inglês )

fornecido por wikipedia EN

The Gansu pika (Ochotona cansus) or gray pika is a species of mammal in the pika family, Ochotonidae. It is endemic to China.

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Ochotona cansus ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

La pica de Gansu (Ochotona cansus) es una especie de mamífero de la familia Ochotonidae.

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentra en China.

Referencias

  1. Smith, A.T. y Johnston, C.H. (2008). «Ochotona cansus». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2012.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 17 de enero de 2013.
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Ochotona cansus: Brief Summary ( Espanhol; Castelhano )

fornecido por wikipedia ES

La pica de Gansu (Ochotona cansus) es una especie de mamífero de la familia Ochotonidae.

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Ochotona cansus ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Ochotona cansus Ochotona generoko animalia da. Lagomorpharen barruko Ochotonidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. Lyon (1907) 50 Smithson. Misc. Coll. 136. or..
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Ochotona cansus: Brief Summary ( Basco )

fornecido por wikipedia EU

Ochotona cansus Ochotona generoko animalia da. Lagomorpharen barruko Ochotonidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Ochotona cansus ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Ochotona cansus est une espèce de pika de la famille des Ochotonidae. C'est un petit mammifère lagomorphe nommé en français pika du Kansu (ou pika de Kan-Sou ou de Gansu) ou bien lièvre criard de Kansu (ou lièvre criard de Kan-Sou)[1].

Liste des sous-espèces

Selon Mammal Species of the World (version 3, 2005) (20 juin 2010)[2] :

  • sous-espèce Ochotona cansus cansus
  • sous-espèce Ochotona cansus morosa
  • sous-espèce Ochotona cansus sorella
  • sous-espèce Ochotona cansus stevensi

Selon NCBI (20 juin 2010)[3] :

  • sous-espèce Ochotona cansus cansus
  • sous-espèce Ochotona cansus morosa
  • sous-espèce Ochotona cansus stevensi

Notes et références

  1. (en) Murray Wrobel, 2007. Elsevier's dictionary of mammals: in Latin, English, German, French and Italian. Elsevier, 2007. (ISBN 0444518770), 9780444518774. 857 pages. Rechercher dans le document numérisé
  2. Mammal Species of the World (version 3, 2005), consulté le 20 juin 2010
  3. NCBI, consulté le 20 juin 2010

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Ochotona cansus: Brief Summary ( Francês )

fornecido por wikipedia FR

Ochotona cansus est une espèce de pika de la famille des Ochotonidae. C'est un petit mammifère lagomorphe nommé en français pika du Kansu (ou pika de Kan-Sou ou de Gansu) ou bien lièvre criard de Kansu (ou lièvre criard de Kan-Sou).

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Ochotona cansus ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Il pica grigio o pica del Gansu (Ochotona cansus Lyon, 1907) è un mammifero lagomorfo della famiglia degli Ocotonidi.

Distribuzione

Questi animali sono endemici della Cina, dove, a dispetto del nome comune, oltre alla provincia del Gansu, vivono anche nelle provincie di Quinghai e Sichuan, con quattro sottospecie (Ochotona cansus cansus, Ochotona cansus morosa, Ochotona cansus sorella e Ochotona cansus stevensi): il loro habitat è costituito dalle zone prative ad altitudini comprese fra i 2000 ed i 4000 metri, dove abitano le zone moderatamente cespugliose, in particolare quelle intervallate da montagnole rappresentati le uscite delle tane degli zokor (genere Myospalax), che vengono utilizzate come torri di guardia.

Descrizione

Dimensioni

Misura circa 25 cm di lunghezza, per un peso massimo di 380 g.

Aspetto

Si tratta di animali tozzi e dalla grossa testa, simili a dei grossi criceti. Il pelo è nerastro, coi peli del dorso che possono presentare la punta striata di bianco. Anche le orecchie, nere, sono cerchiate di bianco, mentre su testa e gola il pelo si schiarisce, prendendo tonalità di color arancio. Sul basso ventre il pelo è grigiastro: sul petto, la macchia bianca si assottiglia assumendo la forma di un collo di bottiglia.
La specie è nel complesso assai simile ad Ochotona thibetana, con la quale può venire facilmente confusa: una distinzione sicura può essere fatta analizzando l'osso zigomatico, che nei pica grigi è meno sporgente.

Biologia

Si tratta di animali diurni, il cui ciclo vitale annuale è diviso in quattro fasi durante ognuna delle quali l'animale presenta determinati comportamenti:

  • Fra marzo e maggio, i maschi tendono ad allargare i confini del proprio territorio (da 6 a 12 ettari), mentre le dimensioni del territorio della femmina restano costanti (5 ettari). In tal modo, il territorio del maschio viene a sovrapporsi con quello di almeno una femmina.
  • Fra maggio ed agosto, si viene a creare un nucleo familiare composto da una coppia e dai propri figli di vari parti: la madre spesso si allontana dal nido, incontrando raramente e del tutto casualmente i giovani. In questo periodo anche le femmine sono solite espandere il proprio territorio.
  • Fra agosto e settembre, i cuccioli svezzati si allontanano dal territorio natio: le femmina si stabiliscono solitamente nelle vicinanze, mentre i maschi vagano senza meta. In questo periodo si formano le coppie.
  • Nel periodo invernale, sia i maschi che le femmine riducono drasticamente le dimensioni dei propri territori (7 ettari per i maschi e 4 per le femmine), avendo cura tuttavia che il proprio territorio si sovrapponga in buona parte con quello di un altro esemplare di sesso opposto, in modo tale da poter creare una coppia stabile per la primavera successiva.

Questi animali mostrano una serie di comportamenti sociali, primo fra tutti ilgrooming reciproco, oltre alla serie di richiami fischiati che rendono famosi questi animali come "lepri fischianti" ed hanno funzioni sia territoriali sia di allarme. Inoltre, essi sono soliti scavare due o tre uscite per le proprie tane, le quali generalmente vengono adibite a latrine a cielo aperto: il maschio tende a depositare le proprie feci in ogni latrina a ciascuna defecazione, in numero di 2-4 pallini per latrina. Si pensa che tale comportamento sia una sorta di demarcazione del territorio.

Alimentazione

Si tratta di animali erbivori, assai frugali in termini di alimentazione poiché adattati a climi piuttosto inospitali e dove il cibo scarseggia.

Riproduzione

Questi animali sono monogami facoltativi, ossia è praticata la monogamia, ma si trovano casi di poliandria, poliginia e comunque anche le coppie non sono fisse e variano di anno in anno.
Il periodo riproduttivo va da aprile ad agosto: durante questo periodo, la femmina dà alla luce solitamente almeno tre cucciolate, ciascuna comprendente dai 3 ai 6 cuccioli. La femmina, alcune ore prima del parto, costruisce un nido di erbe secche e pelo di pecora o yak, del diametro di una quindicina di centimetri. La gestazione dura venti giorni, mentre i cuccioli vengono svezzati già al diciottesimo giorno di vita. Il maschio si disinteressa totalmente della prole, mentre i cuccioli già svezzati (che tendono a passare il primo inverno coi genitori) possono contribuire all'allevamento delle altre cucciolate: dal canto suo, fino allo svezzamento la femmina visita i cuccioli solo per dar loro la poppata, mediamente quattro volte al giorno.

Bibliografia

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Ochotona cansus: Brief Summary ( Italiano )

fornecido por wikipedia IT

Il pica grigio o pica del Gansu (Ochotona cansus Lyon, 1907) è un mammifero lagomorfo della famiglia degli Ocotonidi.

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Ochotona cansus ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Ochotona cansus is een zoogdier uit de familie van de fluithazen (Ochotonidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Lyon in 1907.

Voorkomen

De soort komt voor in China.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Ochotona cansus: Brief Summary ( Neerlandês; Flamengo )

fornecido por wikipedia NL

Ochotona cansus is een zoogdier uit de familie van de fluithazen (Ochotonidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Lyon in 1907.

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Ochotona cansus ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

A Pika-de-Gansu (Ochotona cansus) é um lagomorfo endêmico da China.

Referências

  • HOFFMAN, R. S., ANDREW, T. S. (2005). in WILSON, D. E., REEDER, D. M. (eds). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3ª ed. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 2.142 pp. 2 vol.
  • Lagomorpha Specialist Group 1996. Ochotona cansus. IUCN 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Acessado em 23 de janeiro de 2008.
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Ochotona cansus: Brief Summary ( Português )

fornecido por wikipedia PT

A Pika-de-Gansu (Ochotona cansus) é um lagomorfo endêmico da China.

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Ochotona cansus ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV


Ochotona cansus[2][3][4][5] är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Lyon 1907. Ochotona cansus ingår i släktet Ochotona, och familjen pipharar.[6][7] Senare fylogenetisk analys visar på osäkerheter i artens uppdelning gentemot andra i familjen.[3] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1]

Utseende

Denna piphare blir 11,6 - 16,5 cm lång.[6] Arten är liten med en vikt mindre än 70 g. Den har ljus gråbrun till ljusbrun päls på ovansidan och ljusbrun till vit päls på undersidan. På strupen är pälsen brunaktig. Under vintern blir pälsen mera gråaktig.[8] Skillnader till Ochotona thibetana finns i avvikande detaljer av skallens konstruktion.[9]

Utbredningsområde

Ochotona cansus är endemisk till Kina,[6] och har fått sitt namn efter provinsen Gansu.

Habitat

Ochotona cansus lever på 2700 – 3800 meters höjd över havet på alpina ängar eller buskområden där Ölandstok och Caragana jubata (Karagansläktet) växer.[6]

Ekologi

Individerna har revir som överlappar varandra. När honor har ungar är reviren större och de överlappar mer. Överlappningen är störst hos hannar och honor som bildar ett par och de kan även dela sina bon. Boet består av några få ingångar, upp till 1 meter långa gångar och av ett centralt rum. Ibland används övergivna bon av Himalayamurmeldjur (Marmota himalayana). Denna piphare är främst aktiv på dagen och ibland även på natten. Den söker sällan skydd i boet under hårda väderförhållanden. Arten gömmer sig bara när den upptäcker en fiende.[8]

Födan utgörs främst av gräs och örter som kompletteras med bark, blad och blommor.[9]

Hannar som har sitt revir i anslutning till honans revir kan strida mot varandra. Liksom andra pipharar har arten flera pipande läten för kommunikationen. Monogama par byter även doftmärken med varandra. Fortplantningen sker mellan april och augusti. Honor kan ha två eller tre kullar under tiden med upp till 6 ungar per kull. Honan är cirka 20 dagar dräktig och ungen syns ungefär 10 dagar efter födelsen för första gången utanför boet. Efter cirka 18 dagar slutar honan med digivning. Hannar deltar inte i ungarnas uppfostring.[8]

Ochotona cansus jagas av medelstora rovdjur samt av olika rovlevande fåglar. Livslängden antas vara lika som hos andra pipharar.[9]

Underarter

Arten delas in i följande underarter:[6]

  • O. c. cansus
  • O. c. morosa
  • O. c. sorella
  • O. c. stevensi

Källor

  1. ^ [a b] 2008 Ochotona cansus Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
  3. ^ [a b] SPECIES Ochotona (Ochotona) cansus, (1998) , website, Mammal Species of the World
  4. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2
  5. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  6. ^ [a b c d e] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (27 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Arkiverad från originalet den 18 juni 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120618223324/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/services/res/2011AC_26July.zip. Läst 24 september 2012.
  7. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  8. ^ [a b c] Chapman & Flux (1990). ”Gansu pika”. Rabbits, Hares and Pikas. Oxford: IUCN. sid. 23-25. ISBN 2-8317-0019-1
  9. ^ [a b c] Ryan Byrnes (2007). ”Gansu pika” (på engelska). Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Ochotona_cansus/. Läst 13 maj 2017.

Externa länkar

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Ochotona cansus: Brief Summary ( Sueco )

fornecido por wikipedia SV


Ochotona cansus är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Lyon 1907. Ochotona cansus ingår i släktet Ochotona, och familjen pipharar. Senare fylogenetisk analys visar på osäkerheter i artens uppdelning gentemot andra i familjen. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.

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Ochotona cansus ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Ochotona cansus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Ochotonidae, bộ Thỏ. Loài này được Lyon mô tả năm 1907.[2]

Tham khảo

 src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Ochotona cansus  src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Ochotona cansus
  1. ^ Smith, A.T. & Johnston, C.H. (2008). Ochotona cansus. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2014.2. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. Truy cập ngày 21 tháng 9 năm 2014.
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Ochotona cansus”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến động vật có vú này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Ochotona cansus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamita )

fornecido por wikipedia VI

Ochotona cansus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Ochotonidae, bộ Thỏ. Loài này được Lyon mô tả năm 1907.

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间颅鼠兔 ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Ochotona cansus
(Lyon)[1]

间颅鼠兔学名Ochotona cansus)为鼠兔科鼠兔属哺乳动物,是中国的特有物种。分布于山西青海甘肃四川西藏等地,多见于山地草原、草甸、灌丛、耕地。该物种的模式产地在甘肃临潭。[1]

亚种

  • 间颅鼠兔指名亚种学名Ochotona cansus cansus)。在中国大陆,分布于青海甘肃四川等地。该物种的模式产地在甘肃临潭。[2]
  • 间颅鼠兔锡金亚种学名Ochotona cansus sikimaria)。在中国大陆,分布于西藏等地。该物种的模式产地在锡金。[3]
  • 间颅鼠兔山西亚种学名Ochotona cansus sorella)。在中国大陆,分布于山西等地。该物种的模式产地在山西宁武。[4]
  • 间颅鼠兔四川亚种学名Ochotona cansus stevensi)。在中国大陆,分布于四川等地。该物种的模式产地在四川康定。[5]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 中国科学院动物研究所. 间颅鼠兔. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-04-04]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
  2. ^ 中国科学院动物研究所. 间颅鼠兔指名亚种. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-04-04]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
  3. ^ 中国科学院动物研究所. 间颅鼠兔锡金亚种. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-04-04]. (原始内容存档于2013-12-03).
  4. ^ 中国科学院动物研究所. 间颅鼠兔山西亚种. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-04-04]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
  5. ^ 中国科学院动物研究所. 间颅鼠兔四川亚种. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-04-04]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
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间颅鼠兔: Brief Summary ( Chinês )

fornecido por wikipedia 中文维基百科

间颅鼠兔(学名:Ochotona cansus)为鼠兔科鼠兔属哺乳动物,是中国的特有物种。分布于山西青海甘肃四川西藏等地,多见于山地草原、草甸、灌丛、耕地。该物种的模式产地在甘肃临潭。

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간쑤우는토끼 ( Coreano )

fornecido por wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

간쑤우는토끼 또는 간쑤피카(Ochotona cansus)는 우는토끼과에 속하는 포유류의 일종이다.[2] 잿빛우는토끼로도 부른다. 중국의 토착종이다. 몸길이는 약 25cm이고 몸무게는 최대 380g이다.

특징

몸길이가 약 25cm, 몸무게는 최대 380g이다. 몸이 통통하고 머리가 큰 동물로 큰 햄스터와 유사하다. 등쪽 털은 거무스레한 반면에 머리와 목은 좀더 밝은 색을 띤다. 배쪽은 회색빛을 띤다.[3]

각주

  1. Smith, A.T. & Liu, S. 2016. Ochotona cansus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T41256A45182335. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41256A45182335.en. Downloaded on 05 September 2020.
  2. Hoffman, R.S.; Smith, A.T. (2005). 〈SPECIES Ochotona (Ochotona) cansus. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 186쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. Gansu pika. In: Andrew T. Smith , Yan Xie: A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-691-09984-2 , pp. 277-278.
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