Clypeaster subdepressus, lateral view (anterior to right)Clypeaster subdepressus (USNM 38176) collected 5 miles from northwest passage, Key West, Florida Keys, Gulf of Mexico, U.S.A, from a depth of 11.9 m.
Clypeaster subdepressus, oral viewClypeaster subdepressus (USNM 38176) collected 5 miles from northwest passage, Key West, Florida Keys, Gulf of Mexico, U.S.A, from a depth of 11.9 m.
Clypeaster subdepressus, aboral viewClypeaster subdepressus (USNM 38176) collected 5 miles from northwest passage, Key West, Florida Keys, Gulf of Mexico, U.S.A, from a depth of 11.9 m.
This video shows the life cycle of the sea biscuit Clypeaster subdepressus and is part of my master's thesis project at the Biosciences Institute of University of São Paulo.
We collected adults from sand beds of São Sebastião Channel (São Sebastião, SP, Brazil) and induced gamete release (eggs and sperm). We did the fertilization in vitro and followed the embryonic development in the laboratory, under light microscopy. Embryos become swimming larvae, approximately 0.2 mm wide, which we fed with microalgae until metamorphosis. A diminute sea biscuit grows inside the larva. When the minuscule podia and spines are formed the larva sinks and undergoes metamorphosis. The juvenile sea biscuit resorbs the larval tissue and begins to explore its new habitat, between sand grains.
Scientific version of the video (aka article):
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0009654
We did the footage in the Marine Biology Center of University of São Paulo (CEBIMar-USP), located in São Sebastião, SP, Brazil, northern shore of State of São Paulo.
http://www.usp.br/cbm
You can find more information about this project in the website.
http://mestrado.organelas.com
Download the soundtrack from the netlabel AEROTONE.
http://tinyurl.com/MyFirstTrumpet-Frerk
This video is under a Creative Commons by-nc-sa license.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/br/
[taxonomy:binomial=Clypeaster subdepressus]
[taxonomy:kingdom=Animalia]
[taxonomy:phylum=Echinodermata]
[taxonomy:class=Echinoidea]
[taxonomy:order=Clypeasteroida]
[taxonomy:family=Clypeasteridae]
[taxonomy:common=Sea biscuit]
[taxonomy:common=Sand dollar]
Description: English: Pluteus larva of the sea biscuit Clypeaster subdepressus under polarized light microscopy. Date: 24 December 2012, 13:04:58. Source: Own work. Author: Bruno C. Vellutini. Camera location23° 49′ 39″ S, 45° 25′ 21″ WView all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap-23.827500; -45.422500.
Description: Português: Clypeaster subdepressus (Gray, 1825). Acervo de invertebrados marinhos do Museu Nacional/UFRJ - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Date: 11 January 2015, 13:13:39. Source: Own work. Author: Dornicke.
Description: English: Juvenile of the sea biscuit Clypeaster subdepressus under polarized light microscopy. Date: 24 December 2012, 12:47:49. Source: Own work. Author: Bruno C. Vellutini. Camera location23° 49′ 39″ S, 45° 25′ 21″ WView all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap - Google Earth-23.827500; -45.422500.
Description: English: Juvenile of the sea biscuit Clypeaster subdepressus stuck inside a sand grain. Date: 24 December 2012, 12:47:49. Source: Own work. Author: Bruno C. Vellutini. Camera location23° 49′ 39″ S, 45° 25′ 21″ WView all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap - Google Earth-23.827500; -45.422500.
Description: English: Juvenile of the sea biscuit Clypeaster subdepressus crawling some sand grains. Date: 24 December 2012, 12:47:49. Source: Own work. Author: Bruno C. Vellutini. Camera location23° 49′ 39″ S, 45° 25′ 21″ WView all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap - Google Earth-23.827500; -45.422500.
Description: English: Juvenile of the sea biscuit Clypeaster subdepressus under polarized light microscopy. Date: 24 December 2012, 12:47:49. Source: Own work. Author: Bruno C. Vellutini. Camera location23° 49′ 39″ S, 45° 25′ 21″ WView all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap - Google Earth-23.827500; -45.422500.
Description: English: Pluteus larva of the sea biscuit Clypeaster subdepressus (ventral side). Date: 24 December 2012, 13:04:58. Source: Own work. Author: Bruno C. Vellutini. Camera location23° 49′ 39″ S, 45° 25′ 21″ WView all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap-23.827500; -45.422500.