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Comprehensive Description

provided by Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Sarothrura elegans (Smith)

This species is represented in the Forbes-Watson collection by a single immature female collected in the Kakamega Forest on 14 December 1965. As this appears to be the first specimen in juvenal plumage obtained by collectors, we give the following description: The upperparts are dark rufous brown, with occasional feathers of the scapulars having subterminal black bars spotted with tawny. On the secondary coverts, these tawny areas are broader and give the effect of bars. The primaries are black, with incomplete bars of pale creamy white on the outer webs. The tail and under tail coverts are black, barred with rufous. The breast is gray, suffused with rufous, there being some faint indication of barring along the sides. The rest of the underparts are grayish brown, with the center of the lower breast suffused with white and barred dusky. Unfortunately, the skin about the head and neck was eaten by ants before the specimen could be prepared.

MEASUREMENTS.—Wing 91, middle toe with claw 28, tarsus 25, and culmen 14 mm.

*Capella gallinago nigripennis (Bonaparte)

Two adult males with testes enlarged were collected at Kimilili on the southeastern slopes of Mount Elgon on 24 June 1965.

Although White (1965) and most recent authors treat the African Snipe as a species distinct from its Palearctic congener, we believe that the proposal set forth by Meinertzhagen (1951) that nigripennis should be considered as a race of Gallinago [= Capella] gallinago is merited. In our view, many—perhaps most—of the Palearctic species which had been pushed south during the Glacial periods returned to their old homes after the retreat of the ice. Within some species, however, a residual population may have become well established in suitable areas of the tropics and remained behind. From such a population as this, nigripennis presumably evolved. Meinertzhagen comments that regardless of the gap in their present distributional ranges, both the Palearctic and African populations originated from the same stock and should therefore be treated as geographical representatives of the same species.

Geographical Variation in Turtur chalcospilos (Wagler)

After a careful study of sixty specimens of Turtur chalcospilos in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, including one female from the Sokoke Forest and another male from the same locality, kindly loaned to us by the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, we have been able to discern certain trends and patterns in the geographical variation of this species which seem worthy of putting on record.

In eastern Africa, this species exhibits two clines in the coloration of the upperparts. One cline occurs along the coast from Somalia to South Africa and another inland from Ethiopia to Rhodesia. Birds resident along the coast become generally darker toward the south. The dark coastal population reaches its highest expression in southeastern Africa from Natal to the Cape. This is the area (Eastern Cape Province) from which Wagler described Columba chalcospilos and which now delimits the range of the nominate race. The name zambesiensis Roberts (Zimbiti, Beira District, Mozambique) has been resurrected by Lawson (1961) for the slightly paler birds occurring north of T. c. chalcospilos. The specimens which we have examined from the Sokoke Forest are closet to zambesiensis in coloration, although the wing measurements are slightly smaller (male 109, female 103 mm) than the averages of any of those given by Lawson for his series of zambesiensis, which he lists (in mm) as follows: male (10) 110.5–114.5 (112.4); female (10) 106.0–113.0 (109.0).

Lawson also mentions a specimen examined by him from Sokoke, Kenya, which had a small wing measurement (sex? 106 mm). He suggested that this might be interpreted as an extension of range of the short-winged west African race erlangeri eastward to the Kenya coast. We are inclined to believe that the short-winged Sokoke birds are a reflection of a size cline in the coastal population from southeast Africa northward along the coast to Somalia. Nine specimens which we consider to be identical to zambesiensis in the coloration of the upperparts, from coastal Mozambique, Tanzania, and Kenya, including two from the Sokoke Forest, have the following wing lengths: male (2) 105, 109 mm; female (7) 100–106 mm.

Two pale sandy specimens from Somalia (T. c. patetus Peters) have the wing 102 and 104 mm.

Birds taken in the interior of east Africa (including those taken immediately west of the coast) have the upperparts colored differently than those described above and exhibit a color cline that is the reverse of that shown by the coastal birds. From the dark population in Ethiopia, the series becomes progressively paler southward to Rhodesia and South-West Africa. This pale population of the semidesertic regions of southern Africa has been named T. c. volkmanni by Reichenow. The following data illustrate the difference in wing measurements (in mm) between this form (as given by Lawson) and twenty-four specimens in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History from interior Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania. T c. volkmanni (from National Museum of Natural History): male (13) 108–113 (109.6), female (11) 101–107 (105.5); T. c. volkmanni (from Lawson): male (11) 110.5–117.0 (113.2), female (3) 107–109 (108.3).

These figures indicate a general increase in wing length toward the south, and in this respect the clinal gradient is similar to that demonstrated for the coastal populations of eastern and southern Africa.

In those portions of west Africa where this species occurs, size and color differences are somewhat parallel to those occurring farther east in the interior of Africa. Here, the darker and smaller Angolan race erlangeri (wing 96–105 mm) is replaced immediately to the south by the western extension of the range of the larger and paler form volkmanni (wing 107–117 mm).

Thus we believe that the following generalizations may be made about the geographic variation of Turtur chalcospilos in Africa. There is a general increase in wing size from north to south for both interior and coastal populations. In the color of the upperparts, there are two clines running in opposite directions: coastal birds are darkest in the southern part of their range, while interior birds are darkest in the northern part. To a certain extent, these color variations may be correlated with environment following Gloger’s rule. The darkest populations occur in areas of increased humidity: i.e., the mountains of Ethiopia and the eastern and southern coasts. The palest birds occur in Somalia and on the periphery of the southwest African xeric regions. Populations that occur between these extremes of humidity and aridity are generally intermediate in color.

Although we have presented evidence that the inland populations reflect both color and size differences that are clinal in nature, the extensive range over which these birds occur may justify the reinstatement of certain subspecific names that have been proposed in the past. As mentioned above, the pale southern population is presently known as volkmanni. For the dark Ethiopian population the name intensa Mearns, type locality Howash River, Ethiopia, may be used. Birds from east-central Africa, which are intermediate in color, may be called acanthina Oberholser, type locality, Mount Kilimanjaro.

Although we have examined only two specimens from Somalia, they suggest to us that T. c. patetus Peters may be a valid race, as these birds appear to represent a pale, short-winged population bounded on the west by the dark, long-winged intensa and on the south by the dark, short-winged zambesiensis.

The short-winged Angolan form erlangeri should be retained, as it is demonstrably smaller than its neighboring races.

Clamator jacobinus pica (Hemprich and Ehrenberg)

White (1965) records this subspecies as breeding between March and August. A female collected on 9 December 1964, in the Sokoke Forest, had the ovary enlarged.
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bibliographic citation
Ripley, S. Dillon and Bond, Gorman M. 1971. "Systematic notes on a collection of birds from Kenya." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 1-21. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.111

Gevlekte vleikuiken ( Afrikaans )

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Die Gevlekte vleikuiken (Sarothrura elegans) is 'n gelokaliseerde, algemene standvoël en leef in digte woudonderbos, aangrensende struikveld en dig beboste tuine. Hulle kom voor aan die suid- en ooskus van Suid-Afrika, Mpumalanga en die hooglande in Zimbabwe. Die voël is 15 – 17 cm groot en weeg 40 - 60 gram. In Engels staan die voël bekend as Buff-spotted Flufftail.

Sien ook

Bron

Verwysings

  1. BirdLife International (2012). "Sarothrura elegans". IUCN Rooilys van Bedreigde Spesies. Weergawe 2012.1. Internasionale Unie vir die Bewaring van die Natuur. Besoek op 16 Julie 2012.
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Gevlekte vleikuiken: Brief Summary ( Afrikaans )

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Die Gevlekte vleikuiken (Sarothrura elegans) is 'n gelokaliseerde, algemene standvoël en leef in digte woudonderbos, aangrensende struikveld en dig beboste tuine. Hulle kom voor aan die suid- en ooskus van Suid-Afrika, Mpumalanga en die hooglande in Zimbabwe. Die voël is 15 – 17 cm groot en weeg 40 - 60 gram. In Engels staan die voël bekend as Buff-spotted Flufftail.

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Sarothrura elegans ( Asturian )

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Sarothrura elegans[2] ye una especie d'ave gruiforme de la familia Rallidae que vive n'África.

Distribución

Ta llargamente distribuyida pol África subsaḥariana. Alcuéntrase n'Angola, Burundi, Camerún, El Congu, República Democrática d'El Congu, Costa de Marfil, Guinea Ecuatorial, Etiopía, Gabón, Guinea, Kenia, Liberia, Malaui, Mozambique, Nixeria, Ruanda, Sierra Lleona, Somalia, Sudáfrica, Sudán, Suazilandia, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia y Zimbabue.[1]

Referencies

Enllaces esternos

Protonotaria-citrea-002 edit.jpg Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Aves, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies.
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Sarothrura elegans: Brief Summary ( Asturian )

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Sarothrura elegans

Sarothrura elegans ye una especie d'ave gruiforme de la familia Rallidae que vive n'África.

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Rasclet elegant ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El rasclet elegant (Sarothrura elegans) és un ocell de la família dels sarotrúrids (Sarothruridae) que habita boscos i vegetació de ribera d'Àfrica Subsahariana, des de Guinea i Sierra Leone, cap a l'est per Bioko i Camerun, fins a Uganda, Kenya i Tanzània, i cap al sud, per Angola, Moçambic i Zimbabwe, fins a Sud-àfrica.

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Rasclet elegant Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
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Rasclet elegant: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El rasclet elegant (Sarothrura elegans) és un ocell de la família dels sarotrúrids (Sarothruridae) que habita boscos i vegetació de ribera d'Àfrica Subsahariana, des de Guinea i Sierra Leone, cap a l'est per Bioko i Camerun, fins a Uganda, Kenya i Tanzània, i cap al sud, per Angola, Moçambic i Zimbabwe, fins a Sud-àfrica.

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Corregen fannog ( Welsh )

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Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Corregen fannog (sy'n enw benywaidd; enw lluosog: corregennod mannog) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Coturnicops elegens; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Buff-spotted crake. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Rhegennod (Lladin: Rallidae) sydd yn urdd y Gruiformes.[1]

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn C. elegens, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.[2]

Teulu

Mae'r corregen fannog yn perthyn i deulu'r Rhegennod (Lladin: Rallidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:

Rhestr Wicidata:

rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Corsiar Porphyrio porphyrio Iâr ddŵr Allen Porphyrio alleni
Porphyrio alleni Martien Brand.jpg
Rhegen adeinresog Nesoclopeus poecilopterus
Nesoclopeus.poecilopterus.ofgh.jpg
Rhegen Andaman Rallina canningi
Euryzona canningi.jpg
Rhegen dywyll Pardirallus nigricans
Pardirallus nigricans-Blackish Rail.jpg
Rhegen goeslwyd Rallina eurizonoides
Slaty-legged Crake ( Rallina eurizonoides).jpg
Rhegen Ynys Inaccessible Atlantisia rogersi
Atlantisia rogersi scematic.jpg
Tacahe Porphyrio mantelli
North Island Takahē.jpg
Diwedd y rhestr a gynhyrchwyd yn otomatig o Wicidata.

Gweler hefyd

Cyfeiriadau

  1. Gwefan Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd; adalwyd 30 Medi 2016.
  2. Gwefan Avibase; adalwyd 3 Hydref 2016.
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Corregen fannog: Brief Summary ( Welsh )

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Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Corregen fannog (sy'n enw benywaidd; enw lluosog: corregennod mannog) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Coturnicops elegens; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Buff-spotted crake. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Rhegennod (Lladin: Rallidae) sydd yn urdd y Gruiformes.

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn C. elegens, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.

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Buff-spotted flufftail

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The buff-spotted flufftail (Sarothrura elegans) is a species of bird in the family Sarothruridae. It is found in Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

Specimen at Nairobi National Museum

References

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Sarothrura elegans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22692219A93342389. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22692219A93342389.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.

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Buff-spotted flufftail: Brief Summary

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The buff-spotted flufftail (Sarothrura elegans) is a species of bird in the family Sarothruridae. It is found in Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

Specimen at Nairobi National Museum
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Sarothrura elegans ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La polluela elegante (Sarothrura elegans)[2]​ es una especie de ave gruiforme de la familia Rallidae que vive en África.

Distribución

Está ampliamente distribuida por el África subsahariana. Se encuentra en Angola, Burundi, Camerún, República del Congo, República Democrática del Congo, Costa de Marfil, Guinea Ecuatorial, Etiopía, Gabón, Guinea, Kenia, Liberia, Malaui, Mozambique, Nigeria, Ruanda, Sierra Leona, Somalia, Sudáfrica, Sudán, Suazilandia, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia y Zimbabue.[1]

Referencias

  1. a b BirdLife International (2012). «Sarothrura elegans». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2012.1 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 5 de enero de 2013.
  2. Bernis, F; De Juana, E; Del Hoyo, J; Fernández-Cruz, M; Ferrer, X; Sáez-Royuela, R; Sargatal, J (1996). «Nombres en castellano de las aves del mundo recomendados por la Sociedad Española de Ornitología (Tercera parte: Opisthocomiformes, Gruiformes y Charadriiformes)». Ardeola. Handbook of the Birds of the World (Madrid: SEO/BirdLife) 43 (2): 231-238. ISSN 0570-7358. Consultado el 4 de febrero de 2013.

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Sarothrura elegans: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La polluela elegante (Sarothrura elegans)​ es una especie de ave gruiforme de la familia Rallidae que vive en África.

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Sarothrura elegans ( Basque )

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Sarothrura elegans Sarothrura generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Sarothruridae familian sailkatua dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)BirdLife International (2012) Species factsheet. www.birdlife.org webgunetitik jaitsia 2012/05/07an
  2. (Ingelesez) IOC Master List

Kanpo estekak

Ikus, gainera

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Sarothrura elegans: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Sarothrura elegans Sarothrura generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Sarothruridae familian sailkatua dago.

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Râle ponctué ( French )

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Sarothrura elegans

Le Râle ponctué (Sarothrura elegans) est une espèce d'oiseaux de la famille des Sarothruridae.

Répartition

Cette espèce vit en Afrique subsaharienne.

Annexes

Références taxinomiques

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Râle ponctué: Brief Summary ( French )

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Sarothrura elegans

Le Râle ponctué (Sarothrura elegans) est une espèce d'oiseaux de la famille des Sarothruridae.

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Sarothrura elegans ( Italian )

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Il rallo macchiefulve (Sarothrura elegans (A. Smith, 1839)) è un uccello della famiglia dei Sarotruridi[2].

Distribuzione e habitat

Vive in Angola, Burundi, Camerun, Repubblica del Congo, Repubblica Democratica del Congo, Costa d'Avorio, Guinea Equatoriale, Etiopia, Gabon, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambico, Nigeria, Ruanda, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudafrica, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia e Zimbabwe.[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) BirdLife International 2012, Sarothrura elegans, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) Gill F. and Donsker D. (eds), Family Sarothruridae, in IOC World Bird Names (ver 9.2), International Ornithologists’ Union, 2019. URL consultato il 12 maggio 2014.

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Sarothrura elegans: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Il rallo macchiefulve (Sarothrura elegans (A. Smith, 1839)) è un uccello della famiglia dei Sarotruridi.

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Bruinvlekral ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Vogels

De bruinvlekral (Sarothrura elegans) is een vogel uit de familie Sarothruridae. Deze familie werd heel lang beschouwd als een onderfamilie van de rallen, koeten en waterhoentjes (rallidae).[2]

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze soort komt wijdverspreid voor in Afrika en telt 2 ondersoorten:

Externe link

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. (en) Bruinvlekral op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. (en) Livezey, B.C., 1998. A phylogenetic analysis of the Gruiformes (Aves) based on morphological characters, with an emphasis on the rails (Rallidae).Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 353: 2077-2151. pdf
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Bruinvlekral: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De bruinvlekral (Sarothrura elegans) is een vogel uit de familie Sarothruridae. Deze familie werd heel lang beschouwd als een onderfamilie van de rallen, koeten en waterhoentjes (rallidae).

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Frango-d’água-elegante ( Portuguese )

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O frango-d’água-elegante (Sarothrura elegans) é uma espécie de ave da família Sarothruridae[1].

Distribuição geográfica

Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Angola, Burundi, Camarões, República do Congo, República Democrática do Congo, Costa do Marfim, Guiné Equatorial, Etiópia, Gabão, Guiné, Quénia, Libéria, Malawi, Moçambique, Nigéria, Ruanda, Serra Leoa, Somália, África do Sul, Sudão, Suazilândia, Tanzânia, Uganda, Zâmbia e Zimbabwe.

Referências

  1. «Bustards, Rails & Allies». IOC World Bird List. Consultado em 28 de Agosto de 2011
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Frango-d’água-elegante: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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O frango-d’água-elegante (Sarothrura elegans) é uma espécie de ave da família Sarothruridae.

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Beigefläckig dunrall ( Swedish )

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Beigefläckig dunrall[2] (Sarothrura elegans) är en fågel i familjen dunrallar inom ordningen tran- och rallfåglar.[3]

Utbredning och systematik

Beigefläckig dunrall delas in i två underarter:[3]

Familjetillhörighet

Tidigare placerades dunrallarna bland övriga rallar i familjen Rallidae, men DNA-studier visar att de är närmare släkt med simrallar och placeras därför i en egen familj.[4] Vissa, som Birdlife International, behåller dock dunrallarna i rallarna.

Status och hot

Arten har ett stort utbredningsområde och en stor population med stabil utveckling.[1] Utifrån dessa kriterier kategoriserar IUCN arten som livskraftig (LC).[1]

Referenser

  1. ^ [a b c] Birdlife International 2012 Sarothrura elegans Från: IUCN 2015. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.4 www.iucnredlist.org. Läst 2016-02-01.
  2. ^ BirdLife Sverige (2019) Officiella listan över svenska namn på alla världens fågelarter
  3. ^ [a b] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2014) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.9 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download, läst 2015-02-01
  4. ^ García-R, J.C., G.C. Gibb, and S.A. Trewick (2014), Deep global evolutionary radiation in birds: Diversification and trait evolution in the cosmopolitan bird family Rallidae, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 81, 96-108.

Externa länkar

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Beigefläckig dunrall: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Beigefläckig dunrall (Sarothrura elegans) är en fågel i familjen dunrallar inom ordningen tran- och rallfåglar.

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Sarothrura elegans ( Vietnamese )

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Sarothrura elegans là một loài chim, từng được xếp trong họ Rallidae,[1] nhưng gần đây được xếp trong họ Sarothruridae.

Chú thích

  1. ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson (2012). “The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.7.”. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 12 năm 2012.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết sơ khai Bộ Sếu này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Sarothrura elegans: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Sarothrura elegans là một loài chim, từng được xếp trong họ Rallidae, nhưng gần đây được xếp trong họ Sarothruridae.

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