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Life Expectancy

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Longevity hs not been reported for this species, but for similarly sized members of the genus Mustela, there is very little variation in longevity. These animals live between 7 and 10 years. It is reasonable to assume a simlilar lifespan for M. altaica.

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Benefits

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This species may occasionally attack domestic fowl when found near human habitation.

Negative Impacts: crop pest

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Benefits

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Mountain weasles are considered beneficial in agricultural areas because they exterminate rodents which can be agricultural pests. Some trade of fur occurs, but pelts have low trade value and thus are of not much commercial importance. The fur is usually dyed.

Positive Impacts: controls pest population

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Conservation Status

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With several known subspecies, and a very broad range, these animals are not currently a conservation concern.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: near threatened

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Associations

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As a predatory species, M. altaica probably plays an important role in regulating the populations of small mammals, such as mice and voles.

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Trophic Strategy

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Voles and pikas form a major portion of the mountain weasel's carnivorious diet. These animals may also capture muskrats, ground squirrels, young rabbits, small birds, lizards (during summer months), and to a lesser extent frogs, fish, and insects. M. altaica has also been observed to eat juniper berries in some regions. Observations in capativity suggest daily requirements of flesh are 45-54 g (3-4 domestic mice) in an adult male, though it may kill considerably more in the wild. When rodents abound, these animals are thought to eat only the blood and brain.

Animal Foods: birds; mammals; amphibians; reptiles; eggs; blood; insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods

Primary Diet: carnivore (Eats terrestrial vertebrates, Sanguivore , Insectivore )

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Distribution

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Mustela altaica is found in mountains of Asia, from Russian Central Asia to Korea to northern India.

Six subspecies have been described, each with a specific, more restricted range.

Biogeographic Regions: palearctic (Native )

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Habitat

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The mountain weasel lives chiefly in mountains at elevations up to 3,500 m or more. It may be found in mixed taiga, highland steppes, or above timberline among heaps of stones However, observations suggest this species may be able to live in a larger range of habitats (sand dunes, among reeds, etc). It may live near human habitations and nests in rock crevices, among tree roots, or in burrow of rodents.

Range elevation: 3500 (high) m.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: tundra ; taiga ; desert or dune ; forest ; mountains

Other Habitat Features: agricultural

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Morphology

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M. altaica generally resembles M. sibiricus but is smaller, with shorter fur, and a less luxuriant tail.

Males exhibit head and body length of 22 to 29 cm, with the tail adding 11 to 15 cm. Males can weigh from 217 to 350 g. Females measure 22 to 25 cm, with tails of 9 to 12 cm. They weigh from 122 to 220 g.

This species undergoes spring and autumn molts. The winter coat is dark yellowish to ruddy brown on the back, with pale yellow to creamy white on throat and belly. The upper head between the muzzle and ears is usually darker gray-brown. The tail may be more rufous than the back. the summer fur is gray to gray-brown with some light yellow. The lips of these weasles are white, and the chin has grayish-brown to whitish vibrissae.

Subspecies of M. altaica can be differentiated by fur color, which is generally a darker or lighter version of the colors described here.

Range mass: 122 to 350 g.

Range length: 217 to 287 mm.

Sexual Dimorphism: male larger

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

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Associations

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Predators for these animals have not been reported. Mustelids in general are very fierce, and might not be a good choice of prey for terrestrial mammalian predators, which could expect these weasles to put up a good fight. Primary predators are probably avian, such as owls and hawks.

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Behavior

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Communication has not been described for this species. However, as mustelids go, communication typically involves a variety of forms. Vocalizations are made when animals are threatened. Tactile communication occurs between rival males, between mates, and between a mother and her offspring. Chemical communication occurs in all of the stinky mustelids. There is probably also some visual communication, as these animals do have fairly good vision.

Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Untitled

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Some populations of the mountain weasel are subject to extreme fluctuations, apparently depending on food conditions. Mass mortality may occur due to unknown diseases and fires.

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Reproduction

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Although the mating system of M. altaica has not been described, other species of the genus are typically polygynous. Males are known to compete for access to females, and some of their fights can be severe. Based upon the large size dimorphism in M. altaica, it is reasonable to assume that the same mating system prevails.

Mating System: polygynous

According to observations in Kazakhstan, mating occurs in February or March. Young are seen at the beginning of May. Gestation lasts 30-49 days. The variablility reported for the length of gestation may be due to delayed implantation of fertilized eggs--a feature common in other members of the genus. Litters are 1-8 young. Lactation lasts 2 months, following which young begin to lead independent lives, but remain together with litter mates until fall.

Although the timing of reproductive maturity in this species has not been reported, it is likely that like other members of the genus, young are able to breed in the following season, when they are just under a year of age.

Breeding interval: These animals breed once annually.

Breeding season: Breeding in Kazakhstan occurs in February or March.

Range number of offspring: 1 to 8.

Range gestation period: 30 to 49 days.

Average weaning age: 2 months.

Average time to independence: 2 months.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (Internal ); viviparous ; delayed implantation

Mustelids are born helpless, with eyes closed and fur not well developed. These altricial young are carred for in a burrow by the mother.

In M. altaica, the mother provides sole parental care. She nurses the young for approximately two months, at which time the young become independent.

Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)

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Kaerell ar menezioù ( Breton )

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Kaerell ar menezioù (Mustela altaica) a zo ur bronneg hag a vev e rannvroioù menezek Azia : eus Kazac'hstan, Tibet hag Himalaya betek biz Sina, su Siberia ha Korea.

Annez

Tiriad

Liammoù diavaez

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Kaerell ar menezioù: Brief Summary ( Breton )

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Kaerell ar menezioù (Mustela altaica) a zo ur bronneg hag a vev e rannvroioù menezek Azia : eus Kazac'hstan, Tibet hag Himalaya betek biz Sina, su Siberia ha Korea.

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Mostela de muntanya ( Catalan; Valencian )

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La mostela de muntanya (Mustela altaica) és una espècie de mamífer pertanyent a la família dels mustèlids.[1] Es troba a les àrees muntanyenques d'Àsia (des del Kazakhstan, el Tibet i l'Himàlaia fins a Mongòlia, el nord-est de la Xina, Bhutan, el Kirguizistan, Rússia, el Tadjikistan, Sikkim, l'Índia, el sud de Sibèria i Corea).[2]

Subespècies [3]

Referències

  1. The Taxonomicon (anglès)
  2. Mammal Species of the World (anglès)
  3. «Mustela altaica». Catalogue of Life. (anglès) (anglès)
  4. Mammal Species of the World (anglès)
  5. 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 www.funet.com (anglès)
  6. Mammal Species of the World (anglès)
  7. Mammal Species of the World (anglès)
  8. Mammal Species of the World (anglès)
  9. Glover M. Allen, 1938: Zoological Results of the Second Dolan Expedition to Western China and Eastern Tibet, 1934-1936. Part III, -Mammals. «Enllaç».

Bibliografia

  • Bannikov, A. G., 1954. Mammals of the Mongolian People's Republic. Nauka, Moscou, Rússia.
  • Dulamtseren, S., 1970. Guide Book of the Mammals in Mongolia. Publishing House of the Mongolian Academy of Science, Ulan Bator.
  • Hornskov, J. i Foggin, M., 2007. Brief notes on the Altai weasel (Mustela altaica) on the Tibetan plateau. Small Carnivore Conservation 36: 48-49.
  • Ministry of Nature and Environment. 2005. Manual for Foreign Hunters and Fishers. Ministry of Nature and Environment. State Inspection Agency and German Technical Cooperation, Ulan Bator.
  • Pocock, R. I., 1941. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor & Francis, Ltd., Londres, el Regne Unit.
  • Smith, A. T. i Foggin, J. M., 1999. The Plateau Pika (Ochotona curzoniae) is a keystone species for biodiversity on the Tibetan plateau. Animal Conservation 2: 235-240.
  • Sokolov, V. E. i Orlov, V. N., 1980. Guide to the Mammals of Mongolia. Pensoft, Moscou, Rússia.
  • Stubbe, M., 1965. Jagd, Jagdgesetz und Wild in der Mongolischen Volksrepublik. Beiträge zur Jagd- und Wildforschung 4: 163-178.
  • Wilson, D. E. i Reeder, D. M., 1993. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC, els Estats Units.
  • Wozencraft, W. C., 2005. Order Carnivora. A: D. E. Wilson i D. M. Reeder (eds), Mammal Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic reference. 3a edició, pàg. 532-628. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC, els Estats Units.


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Mostela de muntanya: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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La mostela de muntanya (Mustela altaica) és una espècie de mamífer pertanyent a la família dels mustèlids. Es troba a les àrees muntanyenques d'Àsia (des del Kazakhstan, el Tibet i l'Himàlaia fins a Mongòlia, el nord-est de la Xina, Bhutan, el Kirguizistan, Rússia, el Tadjikistan, Sikkim, l'Índia, el sud de Sibèria i Corea).

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Altaiwiesel ( German )

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Das Altaiwiesel (Mustela altaica), auch unter dem missdeutenden Namen Alpenwiesel bekannt, ist eine in Asien lebende Raubtierart aus der Familie der Marder (Mustelidae).

Beschreibung

Altaiwiesel weisen den für Wiesel typischen Körperbau mit langgestrecktem, schmalem Rumpf und relativ kurzen Gliedmaßen auf. Die Fellfärbung ändert sich mit den Jahreszeiten, der Fellwechsel ist allerdings weniger ausgeprägt als bei verwandten Arten, etwa dem Hermelin. Das Sommerfell ist grau oder graubraun, das Winterfell ist heller, meist dunkelgelb oder hellbraun, wobei die Unterseite fast weißlich ist. Diese Tiere erreichen eine Kopfrumpflänge von 22 bis 28 Zentimeter, der Schwanz ist wie bei allen Wieseln relativ kurz und misst 9 bis 14 Zentimeter. Männchen wiegen rund 220 bis 350 Gramm und sind somit schwerer als Weibchen, die nur 120 bis 220 Gramm erreichen.

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet des Altaiwiesels

Altaiwiesel sind vom südlichen Sibirien und der Himalaya-Region bis in das nördliche China und Korea verbreitet. Sie bewohnen Bergregionen bis in 3500 Meter Höhe. Ihr Lebensraum sind Steppen und baumbestandene Gebiete.

Lebensweise

Altaiwiesel sind vorrangig dämmerungs- oder nachtaktiv. Tagsüber ziehen sie sich in Nester zurück, die sie in Felsspalten, im Wurzelwerk der Bäume oder in verlassenen Bauen anderer Tiere errichten. Außerhalb der Paarungszeit leben sie einzelgängerisch.

Es sind geschickte Jäger, die sich vorwiegend von Wühlmäusen und Pfeifhasen ernähren. In geringerem Ausmaß nehmen sie auch andere Säugetiere, Vögel, Echsen und Insekten zu sich.

Nach einer rund 40-tägigen Tragzeit bringt das Weibchen etwa im Mai zwei bis acht Jungtiere zur Welt. Diese werden mit zwei Monaten entwöhnt und selbständig, Geschwister bleiben aber oft bis in den Herbst hinein zusammen.

Bedrohung

Da Altaiwiesel als schädlich eingestufte Nagetiere verzehren, wird ihnen in der Regel mit Wohlwollen begegnet. Die Verarbeitung des Altaiwieselfells spielt, im Gegensatz zu verwandten Arten, nur eine untergeordnete Rolle, sodass die Art weit verbreitet ist und nicht zu den bedrohten Arten zählt.

Literatur

  • Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999 ISBN 0-8018-5789-9

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Altaiwiesel: Brief Summary ( German )

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Das Altaiwiesel (Mustela altaica), auch unter dem missdeutenden Namen Alpenwiesel bekannt, ist eine in Asien lebende Raubtierart aus der Familie der Marder (Mustelidae).

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Hiŏng Êu ( Min Dong )

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Hiŏng Êu.

Hiŏng Êu (香鼬, Ĭng-ngṳ̄ : Mountain weasel, Hŏk-miàng: Mustela altaica), sê Buô-ṳ̄ dông-ŭk Siăh-nṳ̆k-mŭk Êu-kuŏ gì siŏh chṳ̆ng.

Miàng-cê

Nguôi-hìng

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Sĭk-guáng gâe̤ng sĕng-tái dê-ôi

Bō̤-hô hiêng-cáung

Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
Wikispecies diē-sié ô gâe̤ng ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.

}

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Hiŏng Êu: Brief Summary ( Min Dong )

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 src= Hiŏng Êu.

Hiŏng Êu (香鼬, Ĭng-ngṳ̄ : Mountain weasel, Hŏk-miàng: Mustela altaica), sê Buô-ṳ̄ dông-ŭk Siăh-nṳ̆k-mŭk Êu-kuŏ gì siŏh chṳ̆ng.

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Mustela altaica ( Stq )

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Mustela altaica Mustela altaica
Mustela altaica Systematik Oardenge: Roowdierte Uurfamilie: Canoidea Familie: Moddere (Mustelidae) Sleek: Mustela Oard: Mustela altaica

Mustela altaica is ne Oard fon doo Moddere. Dät rakt disse Oard fon Suudsibierien bit Korea un juu Himalaya-Region in Woold un Gäärslound bit in ne Hööchte fon 3500 m. Dissen Modder häd bloot ne litje Betjuudenge in n Pälshonnel un schäl foar juu Buuräi nutselk weese, fielicht, wült hie Gnauedierte, Ochotonidae un litje Fuugele frät.

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Mustela altaica ( Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association) )

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Mustela altaica es un specie de Mustela.

Nota
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Mustela altaica: Brief Summary ( Stq )

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Mustela altaica is ne Oard fon doo Moddere. Dät rakt disse Oard fon Suudsibierien bit Korea un juu Himalaya-Region in Woold un Gäärslound bit in ne Hööchte fon 3500 m. Dissen Modder häd bloot ne litje Betjuudenge in n Pälshonnel un schäl foar juu Buuräi nutselk weese, fielicht, wült hie Gnauedierte, Ochotonidae un litje Fuugele frät.

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Tadɣaɣat n wedrar ( Kabyle )

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Tadɣaɣat n wedrar (isem usnan: Mustela altaica) d yiwet n telmest seg twacult n tedɣaɣatin yettidiren deg idgan iflalen (iɛlayen) akk d Tundra.

Idgan n tudert

Yettidir di Lhend, Kazaxistan, Agni n Tibit akk d idurar n Himalaya.

Ẓeṛ daɣen

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Tadɣaɣat n wedrar: Brief Summary ( Kabyle )

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Tadɣaɣat n wedrar (isem usnan: Mustela altaica) d yiwet n telmest seg twacult n tedɣaɣatin yettidiren deg idgan iflalen (iɛlayen) akk d Tundra.

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Солонгой ( Meadow Mari )

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Солонгой (лат. Mustela altaica ) – Азийын йос-влак (Mustelidae) йамагатын гыч изи сонар янлык. Капше 22–28 , почше 9-14 мм, нелытше 220-350 (узо) , 120-220 (ава) г.

Ӱлылтӱрлык-влак

  • Mustela altaica altaica (Pallas, 1811)
  • Mustela altaica birulai (Ognev, 1928)
  • Mustela altaica raddei; Ognev, 1928)
  • Mustela altaica temon (Hodgson, 1857)
  • Mustela altaica tsaidamensis (Hilzheimer, 1910)
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Солонгой: Brief Summary ( Meadow Mari )

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Солонгой (лат. Mustela altaica ) – Азийын йос-влак (Mustelidae) йамагатын гыч изи сонар янлык. Капше 22–28 , почше 9-14 мм, нелытше 220-350 (узо) , 120-220 (ава) г.

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Уулын үен ( Mongolian )

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Уулын үен, Солонго, мөн Цайвар үен гэгддэг энэ амьтан нь Азийн уулархаг бүс, Казахстан, Төвд, Гималайн нуруу , Монгол, зүүн хойд Хятад, өмнөд Сибирь болон Солонгост тархан нутагладаг.

Эрэгчин нь 22-29 см, сүүл нь 11 -15 cm, 217 -350 гр жинтэй байна. Эмэгчин нь 22 -25 cm, сүүл нь 9-12 см, 122-220 гр жинтэй.

Уулын үен хавар, намарт үс нь гуужин солигддог. Өвлийн улиралд гүн шардуу, бор нуруу, цайвар шар хоолой, хэвлийтэй байна. Толгойн орой, чих нь бор саарал өнгөтэй. Зун болоход саарал, бор саарал өнгөтэй болох ба цайвар шардуу өнгө холилдсон байдаг.

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पहाडी मलसाँप्रो ( Nepali )

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पहाडी मलसाँप्रो नेपालमा पाइने एक प्रकारको जनावर हो ।

सन्दर्भ सूची

  1. Abramov, A., Wozencraft, C. & Ying-xiang, W. (2008). Mustela altaica. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 21 March 2009. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of near threatened
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पहाडी मलसाँप्रो: Brief Summary ( Nepali )

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पहाडी मलसाँप्रो नेपालमा पाइने एक प्रकारको जनावर हो ।

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ཟེ་མོ། ( Tibetan )

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File:ཟེ་མོ།.jpg
ཟེ་མོ།

ཟེ་མོ་(ཚན་རིག་གི་མིང་།: Mustela altaica)ནི་འུ་འཐུང་སྲོག་ཆགས་ཀྱི་རིགས་གཅིག་རེད།

གསལ་བཤད།

པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས།

ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི།

དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག

ད་དུང་གཟིགས།

ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད།

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Mountain weasel

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The mountain weasel (Mustela altaica), also known as the pale weasel, Altai weasel or solongoi, primarily lives in high-altitude environments, as well as rocky tundra and grassy woodlands.[2] This weasel rests in rock crevices, tree trunks, and abandoned burrows of other animals or the animals it previously hunted. The home range size of this animal is currently unknown. Geographical distribution for this species lies in parts of Asia from Kazakhstan, Tibet, and the Himalayas to Mongolia, northeastern China, and southern Siberia. The most common area for this species, however, is Ladakh, India. The conservation status, according to the IUCN, is near threatened because it is considered to be in significant decline and requires monitoring mainly because of habitat and resource loss.

Description

Painting by A. N. Komarov.

Sexual dimorphism is slight in the Altai weasel.[3] The male body length from head to base of the tail is about 8.5–11 in (220–280 mm), with the tail adding about 4–6 in (100–150 mm). Males can weigh 8–12 oz (230–340 g).[3] Females are slightly smaller, with their head and body lengths measuring around 8.5–10 in (220–250 mm), with their tails adding 3.5–5 in (89–127 mm), and they weigh about 4–8 oz (110–230 g). This species undergoes seasonal molts during the spring and autumn. The summer coat consists of gray to gray-brown fur with some light yellow, while the winter fur is more of a dark yellow with some brown. In both coats, the underbelly is pale yellow to creamy white. The upper head between the muzzle and ears is usually darker gray-brown. The tail may be more rufous than the back. The summer fur is gray to gray-brown with some light yellow. The lips are white and the chin has grayish-brown vibrissae.[3]

Reproduction

Overall, these animals are thought to be solitary animals except when mating.[3] The mating system for these animals is unknown, but other species in the same genus are polygynous. Polygynous groups usually consist of one male and multiple females. The mountain weasel breeds once a year. Males fight vigorously for access to females. Mating usually occurs in February or March, and the young are usually born in May. The gestation period is 30–49 days, but these periods of gestation and birth can be altered because the animal is capable of delayed implantation; the female can breed and the egg is fertilized, but the egg does not attach to the endometrium in the uterus to continue pregnancy until resources are available to maintain the pregnancy and feed the young. The litter size is one to eight young. The offspring are born altricial, require nourishment and depend on the mother, their eyes are closed, and their fur is not well developed. Lactation lasts about two months, and after weaning, the young become independent but remain with their littermates until fall. Young are able to breed in the following season when they are just under a year of age.[3]

Behavior

The mountain weasel is capable of climbing, running, and swimming.[3] Their long bodies and short legs allow them to be very agile. Altai weasels are generally nocturnal, but may hunt during daylight. Although solitary, they communicate with each other visually and vocally. This animal has extremely good vision. They also communicate by sound to warn of possible predators, to protect their territories, and when mating. When threatened, they emit a loud chirring sound and excrete a foul, pungent odor from their anal glands.[4]

Food habits

The mountain weasels are strict carnivores; some other animals in the suborder Canifornia are omnivores. They primarily feed on pikas and voles; they have an important ecological role in reducing or limiting the population numbers of these rodents. Muskrats, rabbits, ground squirrels, small birds, lizards, frogs, fish, and insects are also found in their diet.[2]

Predation

Although no predators for this species have been reported, their main predators likely are large birds.[2]

Threats

Some threats causing the weasel to be considered near-threatened include habitat change, mainly caused by human development,[5] and other dangers, such as traffic on roads, which can reduce their population. Overgrazing by cattle, goats, and sheep causes the prey of the weasel to diminish because their hiding spots and food are reduced.

Conservation

The mountain weasel is listed in appendix III of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. The category in which it is included consists of 45 species that are protected in at least one country which has asked for assistance in controlling the trade of that animal to safeguard resources for the future. The mountain weasel is also listed in the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 in schedule II part II by the government of India, which states the animal receives absolute protection and offenders are prescribed the highest of penalties. Penalties may include three to seven years of imprisonment or a $25,000 fine.[6]

To initiate a plan to set a nature reserve, construction, staffing, access development, and research and monitoring of the species it intends to protect and preserve are required.[5] Sometimes, it is difficult to achieve all of these requirements. For example, nature preserves were proposed in China in the Yeniugou and Xiugou valleys. Unfortunately, the plans were denied by the authorities because they viewed it as an attempt to direct the government funds to Golmud, China where these valleys are located.[5]

However, a successful nature reserve includes the Altai weasel in Kazakhstan. The West Altai State Nature Reserve was created to preserve and protect the ecosystem of the mountains and Altai forests it surrounds. It is the biggest nature reserve in Kazakhstan, and includes about 52 species of mammals, including the Altai weasel and also the food of the weasel, the pika.[7]

Although no specific conservation strategy or program is dedicated to the Altai weasel, many other programs include it or it gains advantage. For example, the Kazakhstan nature reserve protects many different species. Also, programs that protect pikas and other small mammals also help protect the weasel; Sanjiangyuan, Changtang and Kekexili nature reserves in China are in this category. Another approach to conserving this animal would be to review conservation strategies of other species in the same genus. Population declines in Mustela lutrola, the European mink, are similar to the Altai weasel – primarily caused by habitat destruction, but also from diseases. A program was established in Russia to help conserve this species by captive breeding and reintroduction; the goal was to breed minks in captivity research stations.[8]

References

  1. ^ Abramov, A.V. (2016). "Mustela altaica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41653A45213647. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41653A45213647.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Allen,G.M. (1938). "Mammals of China and Mongolia". American Museum of Natural History. 1.
  3. ^ a b c d e f King, Carolyn (1989). The Natural History of Weasels and Stoats. Cornell University Press.
  4. ^ Stroganov, S. (1969). Carnivorous Mammals of Siberia. IPST Press.
  5. ^ a b c Harris, R.B & Loggers (2004). "Status of Tibetan plateau mammals in Yeniugou,China". Wildlife Biology. 10 (2): 91–99. doi:10.2981/wlb.2004.013. S2CID 37104966.
  6. ^ The Indian Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India. 1993.
  7. ^ "West Altai State Nature Reserve". Archived from the original on 3 February 2009.
  8. ^ S Amstislavsky; H Lindeberg; J Aalto & MW Kennedy (2008). "Conservation of the European mink (Mustela lutreola): focus on reproduction and Reintroduction". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

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Mountain weasel: Brief Summary

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The mountain weasel (Mustela altaica), also known as the pale weasel, Altai weasel or solongoi, primarily lives in high-altitude environments, as well as rocky tundra and grassy woodlands. This weasel rests in rock crevices, tree trunks, and abandoned burrows of other animals or the animals it previously hunted. The home range size of this animal is currently unknown. Geographical distribution for this species lies in parts of Asia from Kazakhstan, Tibet, and the Himalayas to Mongolia, northeastern China, and southern Siberia. The most common area for this species, however, is Ladakh, India. The conservation status, according to the IUCN, is near threatened because it is considered to be in significant decline and requires monitoring mainly because of habitat and resource loss.

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Mustela altaica ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La comadreja alpina o comadreja de montaña (Mustela altaica) es una especie de mamífero carnívoro de la familia Mustelidae, que habita en el Tíbet, Cachemira, el resto del Himalaya y otras regiones montañosas de Asia, en Kazajistán, Mongolia, el noreste de China, Siberia y Corea.

Descripción

Esta especie sufre mudas en primavera y otoño. El pelaje invernal de abrigo varía de amarillo oscuro al marrón rojizo en la espalda, con la garganta y el vientre de color amarillo pálido o blanco cremoso. La parte superior de la cabeza entre la nariz y las orejas, más oscura, es generalmente gris-marrón. La cola es de color rojizo en la espalda. El pelaje estival es de color gris o gris-marrón, con luz amarilla. Los labios son de color blanco y presenta mentón de color blancuzco o grisáceo-marrón.[2]

El macho mide entre 22 y 29 cm de longitud, más la cola de 11 a 15 cm y pesa entre 217 y 350 g. La hembra, de menor tamaño, mide de 22 a 25 cm, con cola de 9 a 12 cm y peso entre 122 y 220 g.

Hábitat

Prefiere las montañas a una altitud superior de 3.500 m.[3]​ También se puede encontrar en la taiga, estepas montañosas y en zonas rocosas. Es posible que esta especie pueda sobrevivir en una variedad más amplia de hábitats (por ejemplo dunas de arena o entre los juncos) y se sabe que pueden vivir cerca de los asentamientos humanos, en grietas de las rocas, entre las raíces del árbol, o en madrigueras de roedores.

Alimentación

Caza generalmente durante la noche y ocasionalmente durante el día. Es muy rápida y ágil y pueden nadar y trepar, tanto como correr. Los campañoles y picas son una parte importante de su dieta. También puede capturar ratas almizcladas, ardillas, conejos jóvenes, pájaros pequeños, lagartijas (en verano) y cantidades menores de ranas, peces e insectos.[3]​ También se ha registrado que se alimenta,en algunas regiones, de bayas de enebro. Las observaciones en cautividad sugieren que el consumo diario de carne del macho adulto es de 45 a 54 g, pero podría ser mayor en la naturaleza.

Reproducción

Se ha observado en Kazajistán que el apareamiento se produce una vez al año, en febrero o marzo. La gestación dura 30 a 49 días y nacen entre una y ocho crías. La lactancia dura dos meses, tras la cual empiezan a llevar una vida independiente. Alcanzan la madurez sexual al año de edad.[2]

Referencias

  1. Abramov, A., Wozencraft, C. & Ying-xiang, W. (2008). «Mustela altaica». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2010.4 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 13 de noviembre de 2010.
  2. a b King, Carolyn. (1989). The Natural History of Weasels and Stoats.
  3. a b Allen,G.M. (1938). Mammals of China and Mongolia. American Museum of Natural History.

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Mustela altaica: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La comadreja alpina o comadreja de montaña (Mustela altaica) es una especie de mamífero carnívoro de la familia Mustelidae, que habita en el Tíbet, Cachemira, el resto del Himalaya y otras regiones montañosas de Asia, en Kazajistán, Mongolia, el noreste de China, Siberia y Corea.

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Mustela altaica ( Basque )

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Mustela altaica Mustela generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Mustelinae azpifamilia eta Mustelidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. Pallas (1811) I Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. 98. or..

Kanpo estekak

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Mustela altaica: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Mustela altaica Mustela generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Mustelinae azpifamilia eta Mustelidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Vuorikärppä ( Finnish )

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Vuorikärppä[2] (Mustela altaica) on kärppien sukuun kuuluva näätäeläin, joka muistuttaa sukulaistaan siperiankärppää, mutta on pienempi, lyhyempi karvainen ja lyhyempi häntäinen.

Levinneisyys

Vuorikärppää on tavattu Kiinassa, Kashmiristä sekä ympäri Himalajaa. Eläintä on tavattu myös Siperiassa ja havainto Pohjois-Koreasta tarvitsee vahvistuksen. Lajia on tavattu Himalajalla jopa yli viiden kilometrin korkeudessa. Bhutanissa lajia on havaittu 1 500 ja 5 200 metrin välillä.[1] Vuorikärpälle on tavattu kuusi alalajia, joilla kullakin on tietty, suppea alue.[3]

Lähteet

  1. a b Abramov, A., Wozencraft, C. & Ying-xiang, W.: Mustela altaica IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 22.7.2014. (englanniksi)
  2. Nisäkäsnimistö luomus.fi. Luonnontieteellinen keskusmuseo, Helsingin yliopisto. Viitattu 9.6.2009.
  3. Ellen Sherrill: Mustela altaica, Pallas 1811 eol.org. Encyclopedia of Life. Viitattu 9.6.2009. (englanniksi)

Aiheesta muualla


Tämä nisäkkäisiin liittyvä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa laajentamalla artikkelia.
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Vuorikärppä: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

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Vuorikärppä (Mustela altaica) on kärppien sukuun kuuluva näätäeläin, joka muistuttaa sukulaistaan siperiankärppää, mutta on pienempi, lyhyempi karvainen ja lyhyempi häntäinen.

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Belette de montagne ( French )

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Mustela altaica

La Belette de montagne (Mustela altaica) est une espèce de carnivore de la famille des mustelidés.

Description

La longueur du corps avec la tête est de 22 à 29 cm pour les mâles, pour une queue de 11 à 15 cm. Les mâles peuvent peser de 217 à 350 grammes. Pour les femelles, le corps mesure 22 à 25 cm, avec une queue de 9 à 12 cm. Elles pèsent de 122 à 220 grammes.

La belette de montagne mue au printemps et en automne. La fourrure d'hiver est de couleur jaunâtre foncée au brun vermeil sur le dos, avec du jaune pâle au crème sur la gorge et le ventre. La partie supérieure de la tête comprise entre le museau et les oreilles est habituellement gris-brun plus foncée. La queue peut être plus rousse que le dos. La fourrure d'été est grise (avec une légère coloration brune) avec quelques traces jaune clair.

Les lèvres de ces belettes sont blanches, et le menton est grisâtre-brun pour des vibrisses blanchâtres.

Répartition géographique et habitat

On la rencontre dans une grande partie de l'Asie : En Russie, au Kazakhstan, au Tibet et en général dans l'Himalaya, en Mongolie, au nord-est de la Chine, en Sibérie méridionale ainsi qu'en Corée.

La belette de montagne vit principalement dans la montagne à une altitude de 3 500 m ou plus.

On peut aussi la trouver dans le taïga, les steppes de montagnes, ou dans des terrains rocailleux, cependant, les observations suggèrent que ces espèces doivent pouvoir vivre dans une gamme plus étendue d'habitats (dunes de sable, parmi des roseaux, etc.). Elle peut vivre près des habitations humaines et niche alors dans des anfractuosités de roche, entre des racines d'arbre, ou encore dans le terrier d'autres rongeurs.

Régime alimentaire

Les belettes de montagne sont principalement nocturnes, mais chassent de temps en temps pendant le jour. Elles sont très rapides et agiles, et savent nager et grimper aussi bien que courir.

Les campagnols et les pikas forment une partie importante du régime carnivore de la belette de montagne. Ces animaux peuvent également capturer des rats musqués, des écureuils terrestres, de jeunes lapins, de petits oiseaux, des lézards (en été), et en moindre quantité des grenouilles, des poissons, et des insectes. On a également observé le Mustela altaica mangeant des baies de genévrier dans certaines régions. Les observations en captivité suggèrent que la consommation quotidienne de viande est de 45-54 g (3-4 souris domestiques) pour un mâle adulte, bien qu'il puisse tuer davantage dans la nature. Quand les rongeurs abondent, on pense que ces animaux ne consomnent seulement le sang et le cerveau.

Reproduction

Le système de reproduction de la belette de montagne n'a pas été décrit.

Cependant, en se fondant sur le fait que les autres espèces du genre adoptent en général la polygynie (Et les mâles sont connus pour se disputer l'accès aux femelles lors de rudes combats), et compte tenu du conséquent dimorphisme sexuel que représente la grande différence de taille entre mâles et femelles, il serait cohérent de supposer que le même système d'accouplement est établi.

Selon certaines observations au Kazakhstan, l'accouplement se produit une fois par an, en février ou en mars. Des jeunes ont été vus au début de mai. La gestation dure de 30 à 49 jours, et aboutit à une portée de 1 à 8 jeunes. L'allaitement dure 2 mois, puis les jeunes commencent à mener des vies indépendantes.

Bien que la maturité sexuelle soit inconnue pour ces espèces, il est probable que, comme d'autres espèces du genre, les jeunes puissent se reproduire la saison suivante, quand ils ont tout juste un an.

Vie sociale

La vie sociale de ces espèces n'est pas connue, mais la plupart des membres du genre sont relativement solitaires, excepté pour l'accouplement et pour leur première année.

Confrontées au danger, les belettes de montagne poussent des cris perçants et très forts, et produisent une sécrétion très odorante à l'aide de leurs glandes anales.

Prédateurs

La belette de montagne étant très agressive, elle est loin de représenter une proie de choix pour les prédateurs mammifères : elle n'a probablement pas de prédateurs terrestres. Les seuls prédateurs qu'elle puisse avoir sont probablement aviaires, comme des hiboux ou des faucons.

À noter que certains la tuent pour sa fourrure.

Rôle de l'espèce

  • L'espèce peut être considérée comme gênante car on a reporté des attaques dans des élevages de volaille.
  • Cependant, l'espèce est appréciée des milieux agricoles car elle tue certains rongeurs dévastateurs : Elle contribue probablement à réguler les populations de campagnols et de souris.

Sous-espèces

Les différentes sous-espèces de la belette de montagne sont principalement différenciées par leur couleur, quelquefois plus claire ou plus foncée que la description générale fournie précédemment.

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Belette de montagne: Brief Summary ( French )

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Mustela altaica

La Belette de montagne (Mustela altaica) est une espèce de carnivore de la famille des mustelidés.

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Easóg shléibhe ( Irish )

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Is ainmhí beag é an easóg shléibhe. Mamach atá ann.


Ainmhí
Is síol ainmhí é an t-alt seo. Cuir leis, chun cuidiú leis an Vicipéid.
Má tá alt níos forbartha le fáil i dteanga eile, is féidir leat aistriúchán Gaeilge a dhéanamh.


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Planinska lasica ( Croatian )

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Planinska lasica (Mustela altaica), poznata i kao blijeda lasica, vrsta je lasice koja živi u planinskim područjima Azije, od Kazahstana, Tibeta i Himalaja kroz Mongoliju, sjeveroistočnu Kinu, sjeverni Sibir i Koreju.

Fizička obilježja

Duljina tijela mužjaka iznosti između 22 do 29 centimetara, dok sam rep duljini tijela dodaje dodatnih 11 do 15 centimetara. Mužjaci mogu težiti od 217 do 350 grama. Ženke su nešto manje i lakše; duljina tijela iznosi im 22 do 25 centimetara, a rep iznosi 9 do 12 centimetara. Teže od 122 do 220 grama.

Vrsta se linja tijekom proljeća i jeseni. Zimski prekrivač tamnožute je boje do crvenkasto smeđe na leđima, s blijedo žutim ili kremasto bijelim vratom i trbuhom. Gornji dio glave između njuške i ušiju obično je tamne sivosmeđe boje. Ljetno krzno sive je boje s nijansama svijetle žute boje. Usne ove životinje bijele su boje, do je brada sivosmeđe boje.

Način života

Prvenstveno je noćna životinja. Dan provodi u gnijezdima u pukotinama na korijenju stabala ili napuštenim brlozima. Izvan sezone parenja, planinske lasice žive samotnjačkim životom.

Vrsni su lovci, hraneći se uglavnom manjim sisavcima, no pojest će svaku manju životinju koju mogu svladati, od drugih sisavaca, do ptica, guštera i kukaca.

Drugi projekti

Wikispecies-logo.svgWikivrste imaju podatke o: planinskoj lasici
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Planinska lasica: Brief Summary ( Croatian )

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Planinska lasica (Mustela altaica), poznata i kao blijeda lasica, vrsta je lasice koja živi u planinskim područjima Azije, od Kazahstana, Tibeta i Himalaja kroz Mongoliju, sjeveroistočnu Kinu, sjeverni Sibir i Koreju.

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Mustela altaica ( Italian )

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La donnola degli Altai (Mustela altaica Pallas, 1811) è un mammifero carnivoro appartenente alla famiglia dei Mustelidi[2].

Descrizione

 src=
Illustrazione di A. N. Komarov.

La donnola degli Altai presenta scarso dimorfismo sessuale[3]. I maschi misurano circa 22-28 cm dalla testa alla base della coda, e hanno una coda di 10-15 cm. Pesano tra i 230 e i 340 g[3]. Le femmine sono leggermente più piccole: hanno una lunghezza testa-corpo di 22-25 cm, hanno una coda di 8,9-13 cm e pesano 110-230 g. Questa specie effettua mute stagionali in primavera e autunno. Il manto estivo consiste in una pelliccia di colore variabile dal grigio al grigio-bruno, con alcune zone di colore giallo chiaro, mentre quello invernale è di colore giallo scuro con alcune zone marroni. In entrambi questi mantelli, la regione ventrale ha colorazione variabile dal giallo chiaro al bianco crema. La parte superiore del capo, tra il muso e le orecchie, è solitamente di un grigio-bruno più scuro. La coda può avere tonalità più rossicce del dorso. Le labbra sono bianche e le vibrisse sul mento sono bruno-grigiastre[3].

Biologia

Comportamento

La donnola degli Altai è in grado di arrampicarsi, correre e nuotare[3]. Il corpo allungato e le zampe corte le conferiscono una notevole agilità. Ha abitudini generalmente notturne, ma talvolta va a caccia anche durante il giorno. Malgrado sia solitaria, comunica con i conspecifici con segnali visivi e vocali. Ha una vista molto sviluppata. Emette suoni per segnalare la presenza di possibili predatori, proteggere il proprio territorio e durante l'accoppiamento. Quando si sente minacciata, emette un forte suono stridulo e secerne una sostanza dall'odore pungente e nauseante dalle ghiandole anali[4].

Alimentazione

La donnola degli Altai, diversamente da altre specie del sottordine dei Caniformi, che sono onnivore, è rigorosamente carnivora. Si nutre prevalentemente di pika e arvicole, svolgendo così un ruolo ecologico importante nel ridurre o limitare il numero di questi roditori. Oltre a pika e arvicole, cattura anche topi muschiati, conigli, scoiattoli di terra, piccoli uccelli, lucertole, rane, pesci e insetti[5].

Riproduzione

In linea generale, si ritiene che questa specie sia solitaria, a eccezione della stagione degli amori[3]. Le sue abitudini riproduttive sono sconosciute, ma altre specie dello stesso genere sono poliginiche. I gruppi poliginici sono composti generalmente da un maschio e da più femmine. La donnola degli Altai si riproduce una volta all'anno. I maschi combattono strenuamente tra loro per avere accesso alle femmine. L'accoppiamento avviene di solito in febbraio o marzo, e i piccoli nascono generalmente in maggio. La gestazione dura 30-49 giorni, ma può protrarsi anche più a lungo, dal momento che la specie è in grado di ritardare l'impianto dell'ovulo; la femmina può accoppiarsi e far fecondare così l'ovulo, ma l'uovo può non impiantarsi subito nell'endometrio dell'utero fino a che non vi siano maggiori risorse alimentari, tali da garantire alla femmina di poter portare avanti la gravidanza e nutrire i piccoli. Le nidiate sono costituite da uno a otto piccoli. Alla nascita essi sono completamente inetti, richiedono cure continue e dipendono completamente dalla madre, hanno gli occhi chiusi e sono ricoperti solamente da una tenue peluria. L'allattamento si protrae per circa due mesi, e, dopo lo svezzamento, i giovani raggiungono l'indipendenza ma rimangono con la madre fino all'autunno. I giovani sono in grado di riprodursi già nella stagione degli amori seguente, quando non hanno ancora raggiunto un anno di età[3].

Predatori

Sebbene non siano mai state registrate delle predazioni, è probabile che questa specie cada vittima talvolta di grossi uccelli[5]. Tra i predatori terricoli potrebbero esserci lupi e volpi. Tuttavia, dal momento che la donnola degli Altai è una creatura combattiva, la maggior parte dei predatori potrebbe rivolgersi altrove e cercare una preda più facile. La durata media della vita di questa specie è di circa 7-10 anni.

Distribuzione e habitat

L'areale della donnola degli Altai comprende Cina occidentale e settentrionale, Kashmir, Kazakistan orientale, Kirghizistan, Mongolia, Russia (Siberia meridionale e sud-orientale e Territorio del Litorale), Sikkim e Tagikistan. Una popolazione, forse, è presente anche in Corea del Nord. Si incontra generalmente in ambienti di alta quota (a 3500 m e oltre), così come in tundre ghiaiose, pascoli e foreste aperte[5]. Trova rifugio nelle fenditure della roccia, nelle cavità degli alberi o in tane abbandonate da altri animali o che la donnola stessa ha fatto sloggiare con la forza.

Tassonomia

Comprende le seguenti sottospecie[2]:

  • M. a. altaica Pallas, 1811 - Mongolia e Siberia meridionale;
  • M. a. birulai Ognev, 1928 - Turkestan e Cina occidentale.
  • M. a. raddei Ognev, 1928 - Siberia sud-orientale e Manciuria.
  • M. a. temon Hodgson, 1857 - Kashmir, Himalaya e Tibet.

Conservazione

La IUCN considera la donnola degli Altai prossima alla minaccia, dato che la sua sopravvivenza è minacciata da cambiamenti ambientali, dovuti soprattutto all'avanzare degli insediamenti umani[6], e da altri pericoli, come il traffico stradale, che ne possono ridurre la popolazione. Le mandrie di vacche, capre e pecore, inoltre, depauperano sempre più i pascoli, e le prede della donnola diminuiscono, poiché non trovano più ripari e fonti alimentari a sufficienza. La diminuzione delle prede è dovuta in parte anche alle campagne di avvelenamento della sua fonte di cibo principale, il pika. Questo animale viene considerato nocivo, poiché compete con il bestiame domestico per i pascoli. Inoltre, le donnole stesse possono rimanere uccise se consumano le carni dei pika avvelenati.

La specie compare nell'appendice III della Convenzione sul Commercio Internazionale delle Specie Minacciate (CITES). La categoria nella quale è inclusa comprende 45 specie protette in almeno un Paese che ha richiesto assistenza per controllarne il commercio e garantire così la loro sopravvivenza nel futuro. In India la donnola degli Altai gode di completa protezione già dal 1972. L'abbattimento di un esemplare, in questo Paese, può essere punito con una pena variabile dai tre ai sette anni di reclusione o una multa di 25.000 dollari[7].

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Duckworth, J.W. (Small Carnivore Red List Authority) & Schipper, J. (Global Mammal Assessment Team) 2008, Mustela altaica, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ a b (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Mustela altaica, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  3. ^ a b c d e f (EN) Carolyn King, The Natural History of Weasels and Stoats, Cornell University Press, 1989.
  4. ^ Stroganov, S., Carnivorous Mammals of Siberia, in IPST Press, 1969.
  5. ^ a b c Allen, G.M., Mammals of China and Mongolia, in American Museum of Natural History, vol. 1, 1938.
  6. ^ Harris, R.B & Loggers, Status of Tibetan plateau mammals in Yeniugou, China., in Wildlife Biology, vol. 10, 2004, pp. 91–99.
  7. ^ "Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India. "The Indian Wildlife Protection Act of 1972", 1993.

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Mustela altaica: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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La donnola degli Altai (Mustela altaica Pallas, 1811) è un mammifero carnivoro appartenente alla famiglia dei Mustelidi.

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Altajinė žebenkštis ( Lithuanian )

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Binomas Mustela altaica
Mountain Weasel area.png

Altajinė žebenkštis (Mustela altaica) – plėšrusis žinduolis, gyvenantis aukštikalnėse ir uolėtose tundrose.[1] Šios žebenkštys aptinkamos uolų plyšiuose, medžių kamienuose ir apleistuose kitų gyvūnų urvuose. Geografiškai rūšis yra išplitusi Azijoje – nuo Kazachstano, Tibeto ir Himalajų iki Mongolijos, šiaurės rytų Kinijos, pietų Sibiro. Dažniausiai aptinkama Ladake (Indija).

Aprašymas

 src=
Altajinės žebenkšties piešinys.

Lytinis dimorfizmas – nežymus.[2] Patinų kūno ilgis nuo galvos iki uodegos 220–280 mm, uodegos ilgis 100–150 mm. Patinai sveria nuo 230 iki 340 g.[2] Patelės šiek tiek smulkesnės, kūno ilgis 220–250 mm, uodegos 89-127 mm, sveria 110–230 g.

Elgesys

Altajinė žebenkštis geba laipioti, bėgioti ir plaukti.[2] Dėl savo ilgų kūnų ir trumpų kojų pasižymi lankstumu. Tai paprastai naktiniai gyvūnai, tačiau gali medžioti ir dienos metu. Nors laikosi pavieniui, tarpusavyje bendrauja vaizdiškai ir garsiškai. Pasižymi labai geru regėjimu. Gresiant pavojui skleidžia šaižų garsą ir išskiria aštrų kvapą iš savo analinių liaukų.[3]

Šaltiniai

  1. Allen,G.M.. „Mammals of China and Mongolia“. American Museum of Natural History, 1 (1938).
  2. 2,0 2,1 2,2 King, Carolyn (1989). The Natural History of Weasels and Stoats. Cornell University Press.
  3. Stroganov, S.. „Carnivorous Mammals of Siberia“. IPST Press (1969).
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Altajinė žebenkštis: Brief Summary ( Lithuanian )

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Altajinė žebenkštis (Mustela altaica) – plėšrusis žinduolis, gyvenantis aukštikalnėse ir uolėtose tundrose. Šios žebenkštys aptinkamos uolų plyšiuose, medžių kamienuose ir apleistuose kitų gyvūnų urvuose. Geografiškai rūšis yra išplitusi Azijoje – nuo Kazachstano, Tibeto ir Himalajų iki Mongolijos, šiaurės rytų Kinijos, pietų Sibiro. Dažniausiai aptinkama Ladake (Indija).

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Kalnu zebiekste ( Latvian )

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Kalnu zebiekste (Mustela altaica) ir neliels sermuļu dzimtas (Mustelidae) plēsējs. Kalnu zebieksti mēdz saukt arī par Altaja zebieksti vai gaišo zebieksti. Dzīvo plašā reģionā Āzijā: Kazahstānas, Tibetas, Krievijas, Mongolijas, Korejas un Ķīnas ziemeļu teritorijās; Sibīrijas mežos un Himalaju kalnos līdz 3500 metriem virs jūras līmeņa,[1] kā arī akmeņainajā tundrā un mežos ielejās.[2] Tomēr visbiežāk šo zebieksti var sastapt Ladakhas ielejā Indijā.[1]

Sugas izdzīvošana mūsdienās ir apdraudēta līdz ar dzīves telpas zaudēšanu, izplešoties cilvēka saimnieciskajai darbībai.

Izskats

Kalnu zebiekstei ir garš, slaids un lokans ķermenis ar īsām kājām. Auguma atšķirības starp tēviņiem un mātītēm ir minimālas,[3] tomēr tēviņi ir nedaudz lielāki. Ķermeņa garums tēviņiem bez astes ir 21—27 cm, astes garums 10—15 cm, svars 220—340 g. Mātītes ķermeņa garums ir 21—25 cm, astes garums 8—13 cm, svars 113—220 g.[3] Kalnu zebiekstes kažoks vasarā ir pelēks vai pelēkbrūns ar dzeltenīgu nokrāsu, toties ziemas kažoks ir dzeltenbrūns vai brūns. Pakakle un pavēdere gan ziemā, gan vasarā ir gaiši dzeltena vai gandrīz balta. Divas reizes gadā zebiekste maina kažoku — pavasarī un rudenī. Purniņa virsma parasti ir tumšāk brūna kā pārējais matojums. Lūpas un pazode balta. Aste ir biezi matota, bet ne kupla. Ausis mazas, noapaļotas. Priekšķepu matojums kalnu zebiekstēm ir gaiši dzeltens vai balts.

Uzvedība

Kalnu zebiekste veikli kāpj kokos un klintīs, ātri skrien un labi peld. Tā ir ļoti ātra un izveicīga. Garie, veiklie ķermeņi ir piemēroti, lai medītu grauzēju alās zem zemes. Pamatā kalnu zebiekste ir aktīva naktī, bet var iziet medībās arī dienas laikā. Tā ir vientuļniece un tiekas ar citām zebiekstēm tikai riesta laikā. Šai zebiekstei ir ļoti laba redze. Kad zebiekste ir izbiedēta, tā skaļi, čirkstoši kliedz un izdala smaku no speciāliem dziedzeriem zem astes.

Kalnu zebiekstei nav daudz ienaidnieku, par tādiem uzskata lielos, plēsīgos putnus, kā arī tie varētu būt vilki un lapsas.[2] Tomēr mazā zebiekste ir ļoti drošsirdīga un bez cīņas nevienam nepadodas, līdz ar to plēsēji izvairās ar to saķerties.

Barība

Kalnu zebiekste ir izteikti plēsīga un ēd tikai gaļu. Pamatā tā barojas ar pīkstulēm un strupastēm, kļūstot par galveno plēsēju, kas regulē šo divu grauzēju populāciju. Kalnu zebiekste medī arī ondatras jeb bizamžurkas, trušus, zemes vāveres, nelielus putnus, ķirzakas, vardes, zivis un kukaiņus.[2]

Vairošanās

Par kalnu zebiekstes vairošanos nekas daudz nav zināms. Pastāv uzskats, ka tas ir tāpat kā citām zebiekstēm, pieņemot, ka kalnu zebiekste ir poligāma un neveido ciešas attiecības, ka tēviņu teritorijas pārklājas ar vairāku mātīšu teritorijām. Riesta laikā februārī un martā tēviņi saķeras nežēlīgās cīņās par mātītes uzmanību. Mazuļi dzimst vienu reizi gadā maijā. Grūsnība ilgst 30—49 dienas, lai gan mātīte spēj atlikt embrija attīstību, un tas notiek gados, kad trūkst barības. Parasti piedzimst 1—8 nevarīgi, akli un vāji matoti mazuļi. Māte tos zīda ar pienu 2 mēnešus. Pēc tam mazuļi diezgan ātri kļūst pastāvīgi, bet viena gada metiens turas kopā līdz rudenim. Jau nākamajā gadā jaunās zebiekstes pārojas, nesasniegušas gada vecumu.

Kalnu zebiekstes savvaļā dzīvo 7—10 gadus.

Atsauces

  1. 1,0 1,1 Mustela altaica (Altai Weasel, Mountain Weasel, Pale Weasel)
  2. 2,0 2,1 2,2 Allen,G.M. (1938). "Mammals of China and Mongolia". American Museum of Natural History 1
  3. 3,0 3,1 King, Carolyn. (1989). The Natural History of Weasels and Stoats.

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Kalnu zebiekste: Brief Summary ( Latvian )

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Kalnu zebiekste (Mustela altaica) ir neliels sermuļu dzimtas (Mustelidae) plēsējs. Kalnu zebieksti mēdz saukt arī par Altaja zebieksti vai gaišo zebieksti. Dzīvo plašā reģionā Āzijā: Kazahstānas, Tibetas, Krievijas, Mongolijas, Korejas un Ķīnas ziemeļu teritorijās; Sibīrijas mežos un Himalaju kalnos līdz 3500 metriem virs jūras līmeņa, kā arī akmeņainajā tundrā un mežos ielejās. Tomēr visbiežāk šo zebieksti var sastapt Ladakhas ielejā Indijā.

Sugas izdzīvošana mūsdienās ir apdraudēta līdz ar dzīves telpas zaudēšanu, izplešoties cilvēka saimnieciskajai darbībai.

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Bergwezel ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De bergwezel of Alpenwezel (Mustela altaica) is een roofdier uit de familie van de marterachtigen (Mustelidae).

Kenmerken

De vacht is aan de bovenkant bruinachtig, van onderen lichter. Het dier wordt ongeveer 22-29 cm lang en weegt ongeveer 122-350 gram. Bergwezels leven tussen de 7 en 10 jaar.

Voortplanting

Na een draagtijd van 30-49 dagen worden 1-8 jongen geboren.

Verspreiding en leefgebied

De soort leeft in de hooggebergten van Azië, zoals de Himalaya, Tibet, westelijk China, Mongolië, het Altaj-gebergte en gebergten in Zuidoost-Azië. Ondanks de naam "Alpenwezel" komt het dier niet in de Alpen voor. De bergwezel leeft op hoogtes van meer dan 3500 meter.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  • De grote dierenencyclopedie, (1993) Zuidnederlandse Uitgeverij N.V., Aartselaar, België. ISBN 90-243-5204-5.
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Bergwezel: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De bergwezel of Alpenwezel (Mustela altaica) is een roofdier uit de familie van de marterachtigen (Mustelidae).

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Łasica górska ( Polish )

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Łasica górska[3][4], łasica ałtajska (pisana też błędnie "autajska")[5] (Mustela altaica) – gatunek drapieżnego ssaka z rodziny łasicowatych, blisko spokrewniona z łasicą syberyjską[6].

Występowanie i biotop

Łasica górska występuje w środkowej i południowo-wschodniej Azji. Zamieszkuje górzyste tereny Bhutanu, Chin, Indii, Kazachstanu, Kirgistanu, Mongolii, Pakistanu, Rosji, Tadżykistanu oraz prawdopodobnie Korei Północnej[2][6]. Głównym siedliskiem tego ssaka są góry do wysokości 5000 m n.p.m. Można ją także spotkać w lasach mieszanych tajgi, na wyżynach, powyżej lasu w stertach kamieni a także w pobliżu siedlisk ludzkich[7].

Charakterystyka

Podstawowe dane

(samce większe i cięższe od samic)

Długość ciała samce 22-29 cm

samice 22-25 cm

Długość ogona samce 11-15 cm

samice 9-12 cm

Masa ciała samce 217-350 g

samice 122-220 g

Dojrzałość płciowa prawdopodobnie około
1 roku Ciąża 30-49 dni Liczba młodych
w miocie 1-8 Długość życia około 7-10 lat

Wygląd

Z wyglądu podobna do łasicy syberyjskiej jest jednak od niej mniejsza. Ssak ten linieje na wiosnę i jesienią. Ubarwienie zimowe od koloru żółtawego do brązowego na grzbiecie, na brzuchu i gardle jasnożółte lub białe. Górna część głowy między kufą a uszami zazwyczaj koloru szaro-brązowego. Ogon zwykle koloru rudawego. Szata letnia koloru szarego lub szaro-brązowego z odcieniem żółtego. Pysk jest biały o brązowym nosie i szaro-brązowym podbródku. Włosy czuciowe białawe[7].

Tryb życia

Łasica górska prowadzi głównie nocny i samotny tryb życia, ale czasami poluje w ciągu dnia[7]. Jest bardzo zwinna i szybka, dobrze pływa i wspina się. Schronienia szuka w szczelinach skalnych, norach gryzoni i między korzeniami drzew. W obliczu zagrożenia wydaje głośne dźwięki i wydziela cuchnącą ciecz z gruczołów odbytowych.

Okres godowy przypada głównie na luty i marzec[7]. Ciąża u samicy trwa 30-49 dni (bez ciąży przedłużonej. Młode w liczbie 1-8 (czasami 13)[2] rodzą się na początku maja. Młodymi opiekuje się wyłącznie samica. Okres laktacji trwa 2 miesiące. Po tym okresie młode zaczynają prowadzić niezależne życie, lecz do jesieni pozostają w pobliżu rodzinnego gniazda[7]. Dojrzałość płciową uzyskują prawdopodobnie około 1 roku życia.

Łasica górska jest wyłącznie mięsożerna. Poluje na nornice, myszy, szczekuszki, chomiki, małe ptaki, jaszczurki i w mniejszym stopniu żaby, ryby i owady[2]. Dzienne zapotrzebowanie pokarmowe dla dorosłego samca wynosi 35-54 g[7].

Podgatunki

Wyróżnia się 4 podgatunki łasicy górskiej[6]. Różnią się między sobą głównie ubarwieniem futra.

  • M. altaica altaica
  • M. altaica birulai
  • M. altaica raddei
  • M. altaica temon

Znaczenie

Niewiele wiadomo o drapieżnikach polujących na łasicę. Prawdopodobnie polują na nią ptaki drapieżne[7]. Futro łasicy górskiej ma niewielkie znaczenie handlowe. Na terenach rolniczych uważana jest za cennego tępiciela gryzoni.

Zagrożenie i ochrona

W Czerwonej księdze gatunków zagrożonych Międzynarodowej Unii Ochrony Przyrody i Jej Zasobów został zaliczony do kategorii NT (podwyższonego ryzyka)[2]. Gatunek ten jest objęty konwencją waszyngtońską CITES (załącznik III)[8]. Zagrożeniem dla tego gatunku jest niszczenie siedlisk z powodu wypasu zwierząt gospodarskich czy wytępienie drobnych zwierząt na które poluje łasica.

Przypisy

  1. Mustela altaica, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. a b c d e Abramov, A., Wozencraft, C. & Ying-xiang, W. 2008, Mustela altaica [w:] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 [online], wersja 2015.2 [dostęp 2015-07-19] (ang.).
  3. Systematyka i nazwy polskie za: Włodzimierz Cichocki, Agnieszka Ważna, Jan Cichocki, Ewa Rajska, Artur Jasiński, Wiesław Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, 2015, s. 159. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9.
  4. Łasica górska (pol.). Encyklopedia PWN. [dostęp 7 września 2009].
  5. Rozporządzenie Komisji (WE) nr 318/2008 z dnia 31 marca 2008 r. zmieniające rozporządzenie Rady (WE) nr 338/97 w sprawie ochrony gatunków dzikiej fauny i flory w drodze regulacji handlu nimi (pol.). EUR-Lex. [dostęp 7 września 2009].
  6. a b c Wilson Don E. & Reeder DeeAnn M. (red.) Mustela altaica. w: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Wyd. 3.) [on-line]. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. (ang.) [dostęp 7 września 2009]
  7. a b c d e f g Ellen Sherril: Mustela altaica (ang.). Animal Diversity Web. [dostęp 7 września 2009].
  8. Appendices I, II and III of CITES (ang.). cites.org, 12 czerwca 2013. [dostęp 2013-07-03].
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Łasica górska: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Łasica górska, łasica ałtajska (pisana też błędnie "autajska") (Mustela altaica) – gatunek drapieżnego ssaka z rodziny łasicowatych, blisko spokrewniona z łasicą syberyjską.

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Mustela altaica ( Portuguese )

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A doninha das montanhas (Mustela altaica) é uma espécie de doninha, um pequeno mamífero carnívoro da família dos mustelídeos, que habita as regiões montanhosas da Ásia.[1] Possui entre 22 e 28 centímetros de comprimento do corpo, mais 10 a 15 de cauda. Possui uma pelagem clara cor de creme no inverno que é substituída por uma mais escura e acinzentada na primavera.

Distribuição geográfica

Como o nome indica, habita geralmente áreas montanhosas do leste da Ásia. Pode ser encontrada desde o Cazaquistão até o Tibet e na região do Himalaia, e ao norte pela Mongólia até o sul da Sibéria.

Referências

  1. a b Abramov, A.V. (2016). Mustela altaica (em inglês). IUCN 2016. Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN de 2016 Versão e.T41653A45213647. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41653A45213647.en Página visitada em 28 de outubro de 2021.
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Mustela altaica: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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A doninha das montanhas (Mustela altaica) é uma espécie de doninha, um pequeno mamífero carnívoro da família dos mustelídeos, que habita as regiões montanhosas da Ásia. Possui entre 22 e 28 centímetros de comprimento do corpo, mais 10 a 15 de cauda. Possui uma pelagem clara cor de creme no inverno que é substituída por uma mais escura e acinzentada na primavera.

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Bergsvessla ( Swedish )

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Bergsvessla (Mustela altaica) är ett rovdjur som förekommer i asiatiska bergstrakter. Arten ingår i släktet Mustela som tillhör familjen mårddjur.

Utseende

Kroppens längd (huvud och bål) ligger mellan 22 och 29 cm och svansens längd mellan 9 och 15 cm. Hanar är med en vikt av 220 till 350 gram betydligt större än honor som väger 120 till 220 gram. Pälsen är på ovansidan grå till gråbrun (sommar) eller ljusbrun till gulaktig (vinter). Undersidan är nästan vit.[2]

Utbredning och habitat

Arten förekommer från södra Sibirien till Himalaya samt i norra Kina och Korea. Habitatet är stäpper eller regioner med träd, vanligen upp till 3 500 meter över havet.[2] I Bhutan når arten 5200 meter över havet.[1]

Ekologi

Bergsvesslan livnär sig huvudsakligen av sorkar, möss och pipharar samt av småfåglar och insekter.[1] Den är oftast aktiv i gryningen eller på natten. Det antas att individerna utanför parningstiden lever ensam liksom hos andra vesslor. De har bra förmåga att springa, simma och klättra. När de känner sig hotade skriker de högt. Dessutom avsöndrar de en illa luktande vätska från analkörtlarna.[2]

Parningen sker oftast i februari eller mars och efter 30 till 49 dagar dräktighet föder honan 1 till 8 ungar. Före födelsen bygger honan en lya och när ungarna föds är de blinda och nästan nakna. Ungarna diar sin mor cirka två månader och sedan blir de självständiga. De lämnar sin mor men kan leva tillsammans till hösten. Livslängden uppskattas med 7 till 10 år.[2]

Status

Djurets päls används bara i mindre mått till kläder men jakt förekommer, till exempel som sport. Bergsvesslan hotas även av husdjur som betar på ursprungliga ängar. Förändringen gör gräsmarken olämplig för vesslan. IUCN uppskattar att beståndet minskar med 30 procent under de följande 10 åren och listar arten som nära hotad (NT).[1]

Referenser

Noter

  1. ^ [a b c d] Mustela altaicaIUCN:s rödlista, auktor: Mustelid Specialist Group (2008), Besökt 17 maj 2014.
  2. ^ [a b c d] E. Sherrill (10 april 2002). ”Mountain weasel” (på engelska). Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Mustela_altaica/. Läst 15 maj 2014.
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Bergsvessla: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Bergsvessla (Mustela altaica) är ett rovdjur som förekommer i asiatiska bergstrakter. Arten ingår i släktet Mustela som tillhör familjen mårddjur.

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Мустела алтайська ( Ukrainian )

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Етимологія

Слово «Солонгой» запозичене з монгольського «soluŋga».

Середовище проживання

Країни поширення: Бутан, Китай, Індія, Казахстан, Киргизстан, Монголія, Пакистан, Російська Федерація, Таджикистан.

Цей вид зустрічається в Гімалаях до висоти 5'000 м. У Бутані він знаходиться на висотах 1'500-5'200 м над рівнем моря. Цей вид часто поселяється на альпійських луках або серед скелястих схилів. Також може бути знайдений серед обрідної лісової рослинності і переважно відкритих ландшафтів.

Морфологія

Морфометричні показники самців: голова і тіло довжиною 224–287 мм, хвіст довжиною 108–145 мм, вага 217–350 грам. Виміри самиць: голова і тіло довжиною 217–249 мм, хвіст довжиною 90–117 мм, вага — 122–220 грам.

M. altaica нагадує Mustela sibirica, але менша, має коротше хутро і менш пишний хвіст. Є весняна й осіння линяння. Взимку хутро жовтувато-коричневе зверху та ясно-жовте знизу. Літнє хутро — від сірого до сірувато-коричневого кольору.

Стиль життя

Це швидкий, маневрений, головним чином нічний або сутінковий вид. Виключно м'ясоїдний, здобиччю для нього є полівки, миші, пискухи, хом'яки, дрібні птахи, ящірки, комахи і особливо залежить він від пискух.

Відтворення

У Казахстані парування відбувається в лютому-березні. Вагітність триває 38-40 днів, без затримки імплантації. Народжується 2-6, інколи до 13 дитинчат, період лактації триває 2 місяці. Після здобуття незалежності, родина залишається разом до осені.

Джерела


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Triết núi ( Vietnamese )

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Triết núi (danh pháp khoa học: Mustela altaica) là một loài chồn, sống ở những vùng đất cao, cũng như dài nguyên đá hay rừng thưa nền cỏ.[2] Loài triết này thường núp trong ngách đá, thân cây rỗng, và hang trống mà những con vật khác đào sẵn. Phạm vi phân bố của chúng chưa được làm rõ, song chúng có mặt trên một vùng rộng của châu Á, từ Kazakhstan, Tây Tạng, và Himalaya đến Mông Cổ, đông bắc Trung Quốc, và nam Xibia. Nơi dễ được bắt gặp nhất là Ladakh, Ấn Độ. Mức bảo tồn, theo IUCN, là sắp bị đe dọa vì có dấu hiệu cho thấy sự sụt giảm số lượng đáng kể do mất môi trường sống.

Mô tả

 src=
Tranh của A. N. Komarov.

Dị hình giới tính không nổi rõ ở triết núi.[3] Chiều dài con đực từ chóp mõm tới gốc đuôi là 8,5–11 in (220–280 mm), đuôi dài 4–6 in (100–150 mm). Triết đực nặng 8–12 oz (230–340 g).[3] Con cái hơi nhỏ hơn, với chiều dài mõm-gốc đuôi 8,5–10 in (220–250 mm), đuôi dài 3,5–5 in (89–127 mm), và nặng chừng 4–8 oz (110–230 g). Chúng thay lông vào mùa xuân và thu. Bộ lông mùa hè màu xám hay xám-nâu với nét vàng nhạt, còn bộ lông mùa đông màu vàng sậm. Ở cả hai bộ, lông bụng có màu vàng nhạt hay trắng kem. Lông đuôi thường hoe đỏ hơn so với lông trên lưng. Môi màu trắng còn ria mép thì màu xám-nâu.[3]

Chú thích

  1. ^ {{{assessors}}} (2008). Mustela altaica. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 21 March 2009. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of near threatened
  2. ^ Allen,G.M. (1938). “Mammals of China and Mongolia”. American Museum of Natural History 1.
  3. ^ a ă â King, Carolyn (1989). The Natural History of Weasels and Stoats. Cornell University Press.

Tham khảo

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Triết núi: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Triết núi (danh pháp khoa học: Mustela altaica) là một loài chồn, sống ở những vùng đất cao, cũng như dài nguyên đá hay rừng thưa nền cỏ. Loài triết này thường núp trong ngách đá, thân cây rỗng, và hang trống mà những con vật khác đào sẵn. Phạm vi phân bố của chúng chưa được làm rõ, song chúng có mặt trên một vùng rộng của châu Á, từ Kazakhstan, Tây Tạng, và Himalaya đến Mông Cổ, đông bắc Trung Quốc, và nam Xibia. Nơi dễ được bắt gặp nhất là Ladakh, Ấn Độ. Mức bảo tồn, theo IUCN, là sắp bị đe dọa vì có dấu hiệu cho thấy sự sụt giảm số lượng đáng kể do mất môi trường sống.

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Солонгой ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Звери
Инфракласс: Плацентарные
Надотряд: Лавразиотерии
Отряд: Хищные
Подотряд: Собакообразные
Семейство: Куньи
Подсемейство: Собственно куньи
Вид: Солонгой
Международное научное название

Mustela altaica Pallas, 1811

Ареал

изображение

Охранный статус Wikispecies-logo.svg
Систематика
на Викивидах
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Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 621947NCBI 92062EOL 311523FW 157458

Солонгой, или сусленник[1] (лат. Mustela altaica) — один из представителей семейства куньих. Встречается в Центральной Азии (Монголия, Китай), на востоке Средней Азии, на юге Сибири (кроме Алтая и Тувы) и на юге Дальнего Востока. Относится к промысловым видам. Занесён в Красную книгу Еврейской автономной области (2004)[2], в Красную книгу Иркутской области (2010) и Красную книгу Приморского края.

Среда обитания

Солонгой населяет горные ландшафты со слабым развитием лесной растительности (например островной хребет Даур в Еврейской АО), селится также в предгорной лесостепи и степи. Избегает заболоченных низин. Обитает в трещинах между камнями, в стволах деревьев или в заброшенных норах. Основным конкурентом солонгоя, постепенно вытесняющим его из многих биотопов, является колонок[2]. Солонгой не боится жить вблизи человеческих поселений. Ареал солонгоя носит очаговый характер. Известно шесть подвидов солонгоя.

Описание

Солонгой меняет цвет в зависимости от сезона. Зимой шкурка становится тёмно-жёлтой до красно-коричневого на спине, и бледно-кремовой с белым под боками. Летом солонгои становятся серыми или серо-коричневыми.

Длина самцов колеблется от 21 до 28 см с 10—15 см хвостом. Их вес от 250 до 370 г. Самки чуть меньше, от 21 до 26 см в длину, с 9—12,5 см хвостом. Вес самок от 120 до 245 г.

Размножение

Детали размножения солонгоя известны не очень хорошо. По всем главным аспектам оно схоже с размножением остальных представителей рода.

Самцы известны своими суровыми боями за первенство в спаривании с самкой. Они спариваются один раз в год, обычно в феврале или марте. Беременность у самок 30—49 дней. Нет твёрдой уверенности, что самки могут задерживать развитие эмбриона. Они производят от 1 до 8 детёнышей и кормят их молоком в течение 2-х месяцев.

Питание

Питается солонгой различными мелкими зверьками и птицами, их яйцами и птенцами, ящерицами, лягушками, улитками и насекомыми.

Подвиды

Примечания

  1. Соколов В. Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Млекопитающие. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1984. — С. 100. — 10 000 экз.
  2. 1 2 http://www.eao.ru/state/nature/red_book_animals.pdf
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Солонгой: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

Солонгой, или сусленник (лат. Mustela altaica) — один из представителей семейства куньих. Встречается в Центральной Азии (Монголия, Китай), на востоке Средней Азии, на юге Сибири (кроме Алтая и Тувы) и на юге Дальнего Востока. Относится к промысловым видам. Занесён в Красную книгу Еврейской автономной области (2004), в Красную книгу Иркутской области (2010) и Красную книгу Приморского края.

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香鼬 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Mustela altaica
Pallas, 1811

香鼬Mustela altaica)是一種生活在亞洲山區的鼬鼠,分佈在哈薩克斯坦西藏拉達克喜瑪拉雅山蒙古中國東北、西伯利亞南部及韓國

雄性香鼬體長22-29厘米,尾巴長11-15厘米,重217-350克。雌鼠體長22-25厘米,尾巴長9-12厘米,重122-220克。

香鼬在春天秋天會換毛。冬天背部的毛皮呈深黃色至赤褐色,腹部喉嚨呈淡黃色至奶白色。吻與耳朵間一般都呈深灰褐色。尾巴較背部更為紅色。夏天毛皮呈灰色至灰褐色,一些則呈淺黃色。牠們的嘴唇是白色的,下巴呈灰褐色至白色。

參考

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香鼬: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

香鼬(Mustela altaica)是一種生活在亞洲山區的鼬鼠,分佈在哈薩克斯坦西藏拉達克喜瑪拉雅山蒙古中國東北、西伯利亞南部及韓國

雄性香鼬體長22-29厘米,尾巴長11-15厘米,重217-350克。雌鼠體長22-25厘米,尾巴長9-12厘米,重122-220克。

香鼬在春天秋天會換毛。冬天背部的毛皮呈深黃色至赤褐色,腹部喉嚨呈淡黃色至奶白色。吻與耳朵間一般都呈深灰褐色。尾巴較背部更為紅色。夏天毛皮呈灰色至灰褐色,一些則呈淺黃色。牠們的嘴唇是白色的,下巴呈灰褐色至白色。

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고산족제비 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

고산족제비 또는 알타이족제비(Mustela altaica)는 족제비과에 속하는 포유류의 일종이다.[2] 주로 고산 지대 환경에서 살지만, 바위가 많은 툰드라 지역과 풀이 무성한 소림과 같은 지역에서도 발견된다.[3] 고산족제비는 바위 틈과 나무 줄기 그리고 다른 동물이 사용하고 버린 굴 또는 이전에 사냥한 동물의 굴 등에서 산다. 지리적 분포는 아시아 지역의 카자흐스탄티베트 그리고 히말라야 산맥, 몽골, 중국 북동부, 시베리아 남부이고, 러시아 일부 지역에서도 발견된다. 그러나 고산 족제비가 가장 흔한 지역은 인도 라다크 지역이다. 국제 자연 보전 연맹(IUCN)은 이 종의 개체수가 현저하게 감소하고 있다고 간주하여 보전 등급을 취약근접종(NT, near threatened species)으로 지정하여 분류하고 있다.

계통 분류

다음은 족제비아과의 계통 분류이다.[2][4]

족제비아과    

아메리카밍크

   

긴꼬리족제비

         

등줄무늬족제비

   

말레이시아족제비

       

북방족제비

       

쇠족제비

   

고산족제비

       

족제비

     

유럽밍크

     

검은발족제비

     

긴털족제비

   

스텝긴털족제비

                 

각주

  1. “Mustela altaica”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2009년 3월 21일에 확인함. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of near threatened
  2. Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Deere, K.A.; Slater, G.J.; Begg, C.; Begg, K.; Grassman, L.; Lucherini, M.; Veron, G.; Wayne, R.K. (February 2008). “Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: Resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation”. 《BMC Biology》 6: 10. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-6-10. PMC 2276185. PMID 18275614.
  3. Allen,G.M. (1938). “Mammals of China and Mongolia”. 《American Museum of Natural History》 1.
  4. Bininda-Emonds OR; Gittleman JL; Purvis A (1999). “Building large trees by combining phylogenetic information: a complete phylogeny of the extant Carnivora (Mammalia)”. 《Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc》 74 (2): 143–75. doi:10.1017/S0006323199005307. PMID 10396181.
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고산족제비: Brief Summary ( Korean )

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고산족제비 또는 알타이족제비(Mustela altaica)는 족제비과에 속하는 포유류의 일종이다. 주로 고산 지대 환경에서 살지만, 바위가 많은 툰드라 지역과 풀이 무성한 소림과 같은 지역에서도 발견된다. 고산족제비는 바위 틈과 나무 줄기 그리고 다른 동물이 사용하고 버린 굴 또는 이전에 사냥한 동물의 굴 등에서 산다. 지리적 분포는 아시아 지역의 카자흐스탄티베트 그리고 히말라야 산맥, 몽골, 중국 북동부, 시베리아 남부이고, 러시아 일부 지역에서도 발견된다. 그러나 고산 족제비가 가장 흔한 지역은 인도 라다크 지역이다. 국제 자연 보전 연맹(IUCN)은 이 종의 개체수가 현저하게 감소하고 있다고 간주하여 보전 등급을 취약근접종(NT, near threatened species)으로 지정하여 분류하고 있다.

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