dcsimg
Image of Ilex latifolia C. P. Thunb. ex A. Murray
Creatures » » Plants » » Dicotyledons » » Holly Family »

Ilex latifolia C. P. Thunb. ex A. Murray

Description

provided by eFloras
Trees evergreen, to 20 m tall, ca. 60 cm d.b.h., glabrous throughout; bark gray-black, smooth. Branches yellow-brown or brown, strong, longitudinally ridged and sulcate, smooth; leaf scars evidently raised, broadly discoid or semicircular. Leaves on first to third year’s branchlets; stipules broadly deltoid, very minute, apically acute; petiole subterete, 1.5-2.5 cm, ca. 3 mm in diam., abaxially rugose, adaxially slightly impressed; leaf blade abaxially greenish, adaxially deep green, shiny, oblong or ovate-oblong, 8-19(-28) × 4.5-7.5(-9) cm, thickly leathery, midvein impressed adaxially, lateral veins 12-17 pairs, obscure abaxially, obvious adaxially, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin sparsely serrate, teeth black at tips, apex obtuse or shortly acuminate. Inflorescences: cymes, pseudopaniculate or pseudoracemose, axillary on second year’s branchlets; rachis 1-2 cm; bud scales persistent, rounded, imbricate; flowers yellowish green, 4-merous. Male inflorescences: cymes of order 2-4, 3-9-flowered, pseudopaniculate; peduncles ca. 2 mm; bracts ovate or lanceolate, 5-7 × 3-5 mm; pedicels 6-8 mm; bracteoles 1 or 2, deltoid; calyx subcupuliform, ca. 3.5 mm in diam., 4-lobed, lobes orbicular; corolla rotate, ca. 9 mm in diam., petals ovate-oblong, ca. 3.5 × 2.5 mm, basally connate; stamens ca. as long as petals, anthers ovoid-oblong; rudimentary ovary subglobose, apex 4-lobed. Female inflorescences: cymes of order 1 or 2, 1-3-flowered, pseudopaniculate or pseudoracemose; peduncles ca. 2 mm; 1-flowered pedicels 5-8 mm; bracteoles 1 or 2; calyx patelliform, ca. 3 mm in diam.; corolla erect, ca. 5 mm in diam., petals 4, ovate, ca. 3 × 2 mm; staminodes ca. 1/3 as long as petals, sterile anthers ovoid, minute; ovary ovoid, ca. 2 mm in diam., stigma discoid, 4-lobed. Fruit red, globose, ca. 7 mm in diam.; persistent stigma thinly discoid; persistent calyx explanate, discoid; exocarp thick, smooth; pyrenes 4, oblong-ellipsoidal, ca. 5 mm, ca. 2.5 mm in diam., abaxially irregularly rugose and pitted, with distinct longitudinal ridges, endocarp stony. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Sep-Oct.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 11: 364, 395 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
partner site
eFloras

Distribution

provided by eFloras
Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 11: 364, 395 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
partner site
eFloras

Habitat

provided by eFloras
Evergreen broad-leaved forests, shrub forests, bamboo forests; 200-1500 m.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 11: 364, 395 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
partner site
eFloras

Synonym

provided by eFloras
Ilex latifolia var. tarajo (Göppert) Lavallée; Ilex tarajo Göppert.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 11: 364, 395 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
partner site
eFloras

Ilex latifolia

provided by wikipedia EN

Ilex latifolia (tarajo holly or tarajo; Japanese: 多羅葉 (たらよう, tarayō), Chinese: 大叶冬青 dà yè dōngqīng) is a species of holly, native to southern Japan (Shizuoka Prefecture south to Kyūshū) and eastern and southern China (Jiangsu south to Fujian and west to Yunnan), growing in broadleaf forests at altitudes of 200–1,500 m.[1][2][3][4]

Foliage, showing pale underside of leaves, one leaf showing the dark upper side

It is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree growing to 10–20 m tall with a trunk up to 60 cm diameter. The bark is dark brown, with a rough surface. The leaves are alternate, broad lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 8–24 cm long and 4–8 cm broad (among the largest of any species of holly), glossy dark green above, paler below, with a thick, leathery texture and serrated (but not spiny) margins. The flowers are yellowish-green, with a four-lobed corolla, produced in late spring; it is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate trees. The fruit is a drupe 7 mm diameter, ripening orange-red to dark red in winter, and containing four seeds; they are often produced in dense clusters on the stems.[2][3][5][6][7]

Cultivation and uses

It is cultivated as an ornamental tree in parks and temple gardens.[3] The leaves may be infused to make tea ("bitter nail tea" kǔ dīng chá).[8]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ilex latifolia.
  1. ^ "Ilex latifolia". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  2. ^ a b Yuanlin Flora: Ilex latifolia (in Chinese); google translation
  3. ^ a b c Japan Plants: Ilex latifolia (in Japanese); google translation
  4. ^ Plants for a Future: Ilex latifolia
  5. ^ Japanese Treeflowers: Ilex latifolia
  6. ^ Botanic Japan: Ilex latifolia (in Japanese); google translation
  7. ^ Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
  8. ^ Hu, Ting; He, Xiao-Wei; Jiang, Jian-Guo; Xu, Xi-Lin (2014). "Efficacy evaluation of a Chinese bitter tea (Ilex latifolia Thunb.) via analyses of its main components". Food & Function. 5 (5): 876–881. doi:10.1039/c3fo60603a. ISSN 2042-6496. PMID 24638847.
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Ilex latifolia: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Ilex latifolia (tarajo holly or tarajo; Japanese: 多羅葉 (たらよう, tarayō), Chinese: 大叶冬青 dà yè dōngqīng) is a species of holly, native to southern Japan (Shizuoka Prefecture south to Kyūshū) and eastern and southern China (Jiangsu south to Fujian and west to Yunnan), growing in broadleaf forests at altitudes of 200–1,500 m.

Foliage, showing pale underside of leaves, one leaf showing the dark upper side

It is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree growing to 10–20 m tall with a trunk up to 60 cm diameter. The bark is dark brown, with a rough surface. The leaves are alternate, broad lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 8–24 cm long and 4–8 cm broad (among the largest of any species of holly), glossy dark green above, paler below, with a thick, leathery texture and serrated (but not spiny) margins. The flowers are yellowish-green, with a four-lobed corolla, produced in late spring; it is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate trees. The fruit is a drupe 7 mm diameter, ripening orange-red to dark red in winter, and containing four seeds; they are often produced in dense clusters on the stems.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Ilex latifolia ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

Le Houx à larges feuilles (Ilex latifolia) est une espèce du genre Ilex.

Notes et références

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia FR

Ilex latifolia: Brief Summary ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

Le Houx à larges feuilles (Ilex latifolia) est une espèce du genre Ilex.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia FR

Ilex latifolia ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Ilex latifolia là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Aquifoliaceae. Loài này được Thunb. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1784.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Ilex latifolia. Truy cập ngày 13 tháng 9 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết Bộ Nhựa ruồi này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia VI

Ilex latifolia: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Ilex latifolia là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Aquifoliaceae. Loài này được Thunb. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1784.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia VI

大叶冬青 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Ilex latifolia
Thunb.

大叶冬青学名Ilex latifolia)为冬青科冬青属的植物。分布于日本以及中国大陆广西云南江西福建河南安徽江苏湖北浙江等地,生长于海拔250米至1,500米的地区,常生长在灌丛中、山坡常绿阔叶林中和竹林中,目前已由人工引种栽培。

别名

大苦酊(《安徽植物志》),宽叶冬青(《云南植物志》),波罗树(《河南植物志》)

参考文献

  • 昆明植物研究所. 大叶冬青. 《中国高等植物数据库全库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-02-24]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
Ilex latifolia.jpg
 src= 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:大叶冬青 小作品圖示这是一篇與植物相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。
 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
维基百科作者和编辑

大叶冬青: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

大叶冬青(学名:Ilex latifolia)为冬青科冬青属的植物。分布于日本以及中国大陆广西云南江西福建河南安徽江苏湖北浙江等地,生长于海拔250米至1,500米的地区,常生长在灌丛中、山坡常绿阔叶林中和竹林中,目前已由人工引种栽培。

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
维基百科作者和编辑

タラヨウ ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語
タラヨウ Ilex latifolia2.jpg
タラヨウ
分類 : 植物界 Plantae : 被子植物門 Magnoliophyta : 双子葉植物綱 Magnoliopsida : ニシキギ目 Celastrales : モチノキ科 Aquifoliaceae : モチノキ属 Ilex : タラヨウ I. latifolia 学名 Ilex latifolia 和名 タラヨウ(多羅葉)
 src=
武蔵府中郵便局「郵便局の木」

タラヨウ(多羅葉、学名:Ilex latifolia)はモチノキ科モチノキ属の常緑高木。

特徴[編集]

本州静岡以西~九州、中国、四国に分布する。関東にも植樹されていることがある。中華人民共和国にも自生する。

雌雄異株で、花期は4~5月頃、4mmほどの小さな淡黄緑色の花が群れて咲く。秋には8mmほどの小さな球形の赤い実がなる。

葉は肉厚で20センチほどもある長楕円形をしており、その縁は鋸のように細かいきざぎざとなっている。

日本では葉の裏面に経文を書いたり[要出典]、葉をあぶって占いに使用したりした[要出典]ため、その多くは寺社に植樹されている。

また、葉の裏面を傷つけると字が書けることから、郵便局の木として定められており、東京中央郵便局の前などにも植樹されている。

文字を書くことのできる性質がインドで経文を書くのに使われた貝葉の原料であるヤシ科タラジュ(多羅樹、Corypha utan)という木のようだということで、タラヨウ(多羅葉)名前の由来となっている。


  •  src=

  •  src=

    葉裏に傷をつけて字を書く

利用[編集]

葉を火であぶると熱で破壊された組織が短時間のうちに黒く変色し、黒い円のような模様が浮かび上がる。これを円紋あるいは死環といい、寺社で吉凶を占う際に用いられた[要出典]

葉の裏面に傷をつけるとその部分のみが黒く変色し、長期にわたって残るため、字を書いておくことができる。ここから、ジカキシバ、又はエカキシバともいわれる。戦国時代にこの葉の裏に文字を書いて情報のやりとりをした[要出典]という話もあり、これがはがき(「葉書」)の語源になったといわれ[要出典]葉書の木郵便局の木と呼ばれることもある。


なお、全国の図書館に寄せられた調査依頼(=レファレンス)を集めた「レファレンス協同データベース」では、成田市立図書館がタラヨウが葉書の語源か調査したレファレンスが事例登録されている。これによると、語源事典等にはタラヨウの記載がなく、『野草大百科』 で調べてみると、P.207に「タラヨウ(多羅樹)」の項目があり、「大きくて厚い葉の裏に、釘などで傷をつけると、その部分が黒くなるので、インドでは葉に経文を書いたという。はがきの語源は、昔は葉を使ったからとも、端書きがなまったものともいわれるが、タラヨウの葉は現在の変形はがきとして十分使用に耐える」としているが[1]諸説あり確かなことはわかっていない。

中国では苦丁と呼ばれており、葉を煎じて飲用に供している(→苦丁茶)。

脚注[編集]

  1. ^ レファレンス共同データベース Q.「葉書の語源となったという葉っぱ」A.「タラヨウ」の葉が葉書の語源になったというのは諸説のひとつと考えられ、『野草大百科』の「タラヨウ」の項目に、それについての記載がある。」


 src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、タラヨウに関連するメディアがあります。 執筆の途中です この項目は、植物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますプロジェクト:植物Portal:植物)。
 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia 日本語

タラヨウ: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語
 src= 武蔵府中郵便局「郵便局の木」

タラヨウ(多羅葉、学名:Ilex latifolia)はモチノキ科モチノキ属の常緑高木。

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia 日本語