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Throughout most of modern botanical history this Chinese lily has been known as Lilium tigrinum, but recent nomenclatural reassessment affirms that Thunberg’s description, published sixteen years earlier than Ker Gawler’s, applies to this species. Though many North America species are known vernacularly as tiger lilies, the name is properly applied only to this one. Along with L. candidum, it is considered to be among the earliest domesticated lilies (H. D. Woodcock and W. T. Stearn 1950), no doubt because it is handsome, easy to grow, and the bulbs are edible and substantial. It is widely planted in North America, usually as a sterile triploid that is best propagated from the bulbils.
Perhaps the hardiest garden lily, Lilium lancifolium is a widespread but sporadic garden escape, and roadside lilies near habitation in eastern and northeastern North America are often this species. Despite its general use in gardens, it seems to be naturalized only in the better-watered eastern portion of the continent.
In North America, the tiger lily is rather easily diagnosed by its truly lanceolate and widely sessile alternating leaves that bear dark bulbils on the upper stem. The mature buds are usually high-shouldered and taper rather evenly to a flattish apex with three greenish, terminal, rounded processes. No native lily consistently displays any of these features.
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Description
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Flowering stem up to 100-150 cm, densely pubescent, leafy. Bulb globose, 3 cm diam. Leaves lanceolate, 10-19 cm x 2-3 cm. Flowers 3-25 in raceme. Each flower 8-13 cm diam., tiariform, brick red with brown spots. V - mid spring to mid autumn, in St Petersburg May to October. Fl - late summer, in St. Petersburg August. Fr - October. P - by seed, but more easily by the small bulbs originating in the leaf axils. Moderately light-loving, prefers rich soil. In cultivation in Europe since 1804. Z 4.
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Description
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Bulbs widely ovoid, 3.5(–8) × 4–8 cm, ca. 0.7–0.8 times taller than wide; scales broad, unsegmented, longest ca. 3–4 cm; stem roots usually present. Stems white-lanate, purplish, to 2 m. Buds usually flat-sided, somewhat triangular in cross section. Leaves scattered, horizontal and drooping at tips, 10–15(–18) × ca. 1.5 cm, ca. 3–6(–10) times longer than wide, distal bearing 1(–3) dark purple axillary bulbils; blade lanceolate, often narrowly so, margins not undulate, papillose, apex white-lanate, narrowly acute (rounded in distal leaves). Inflorescences racemose, 3–6(–25)-flowered. Flowers pendent, not fragrant; perianth Turk’s-cap-shaped; sepals and petals reflexed ca. 1/5–1/4 along length from base, orange with many purple-brown spots, not distinctly clawed, 7–10 × 1–2 cm, adaxial base bearing pubescent strip; sepals not ridged abaxially; stamens strongly exserted; filaments very widely spreading, diverging ca. 25° from axis; anthers purplish, ca. 2 cm; pollen rust; pistil 6–9 cm; pedicel sometimes dichotomous, stout and relatively short, to 10 cm. Capsules 3–4 cm. Seeds not counted. 2n = 24, 36.
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Distribution
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Far East (southern Primorskiy Region), northeastern China, Japan and Korea. Meadows, rocky slopes, in river valleys.
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Distribution
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introduced; N.B., N.S., Ont., Que.; Ala., Conn., Del., D.C., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Pa., R.I., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.; Asia (China).
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Flowering/Fruiting
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Flowering late summer (mid Jul--early Sep).
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Habitat
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Roadsides, railroad banks, near dwellings; 0--ca. 1000m.
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Synonym
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Lilium tigrinum Ker Gawler
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Lilium lancifolium
provided by wikipedia EN
Lilium lancifolium (syn. L. tigrinum) is an Asian species of lily, native to China, Japan, Korea, and the Russian Far East.[1] It is widely planted as an ornamental because of its showy orange-and-black flowers, and sporadically occurs as a garden escapee in North America, particularly the eastern United States including New England,[2] and has made incursions into some southern states such as Georgia.[3]
It has the English name tiger lily, but that name has been applied to other species as well.
Description
Lilium lancifolium bulbils showing rooting in late summer.
Like other true lilies, the flowers are borne on upright stems that are 80–200 centimetres (31–79 inches) tall and bear lanceolate leaves 6–10 cm (2+1⁄2–4 in) long and 1–2 cm (3⁄8–3⁄4 in) broad. L. lancifolium produces aerial bulblets, known as bulbils, in the leaf axils.[4] These bulbils are uncommon in Lilium species and they produce new plants that are clones of the original plant.[2]
The flowers are odorless.[4] Each lasts a few days and if pollinated produce capsules with many thin seeds.[2]
Taxonomy
Varieties
Lilium lancifolium 'Flore Pleno' (double tiger lily)
The names of names considered as varieties at some time are:
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Lilium lancifolium var. densum W.Bull
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Lilium tigrinum var. fortunei Standish
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Lilium tigrinum var. splendens Van Houtte
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Lilium tigrinum var. flore-pleno auct.
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Lilium tigrinum var. erectum G.F.Wilson
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Lilium tigrinum var. plenescens Waugh
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Lilium lancifolium var. flaviflorum Makino
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Lilium lancifolium var. fortunei (Standish) V.A.Matthews
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Lilium lancifolium var. splendens (Van Houtte) V.A.Matthews
The Lilium tigrinum flore pleno, the double-flowered variety, had been exported out of Japan by William Bull since 1869.[5]
Names
Scientific names
Botanists for many years considered L. tigrinum (after Ker Gawler[6]) the correct scientific name until it was determined that older name L. lancifolium (after Thunberg[7]) refers to the same species, and the latter became the accepted name.[2][a]
Vernacular names
Its common name is tiger lily. Although this name is ambiguous across several species, it is correctly applied to this species alone.[2]
Cat toxicity
A case study of the successful treatment of a cat that ingested this particular species was published 2007.[8]
Uses
It is cultivated and wild foraged in Asia for its edible bulbs.[9] The cultivar 'Splendens' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[10] In Taiwan, both the flower and bulbs are used as food, as are the other related species: L. brownii var. viridulum, L. pumilum and L. candidum.[11]
Notes
References
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^ a b c "Lilium lancifolium Thunb". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2021-03-01.
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^ a b c d e "1. Lilium lancifolium Thunberg, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 2: 333. 1794.", Flora of North America, 26, p. 178. Tiger lily, lis tigré.
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^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
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^ a b Ohwi, Jisaburo (1965), Meyer, Frederick G.; Walker, Egbert H. (eds.), Flora of Japan, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, p. 297, archived from the original on 2010-04-23 Alt URL
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^ Moore, Thomas; Paul, William, eds. (1873), "A Beautiful Flower and Farm and Garden", The Florist and Pomologist: 15–16
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^ Ker Gawler, J. G.; Bellenden, John (1809) "Lilium tigrinum, Tiger-spotted Chinese lily". Botanical Magazine 31: plate 1237ff.
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^ Thunberg, Carl Peter (1794), Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 2: 333 (in Latin)
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^ Berg, Rebecca IM, Thierry Francey, and Gilad Segev (2007) "Resolution of acute kidney injury in a cat after lily (Lilium lancifolium) intoxication". Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 21(4), pp. 857–859.
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^ Dai Nihon Nōkai [in Japanese] (1895). Useful Plants of Japan Described and Illustrated. Agricultural Society of Japan. p. 27.
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^ "RHS Plant Selector - Lilium lancifolium 'Splendens'". Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
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^ "可供食品使用原料彙整一覽表". Archived from the original on 2014-01-26. Retrieved 2014-01-25.
Bibliography
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Lilium lancifolium: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Lilium lancifolium (syn. L. tigrinum) is an Asian species of lily, native to China, Japan, Korea, and the Russian Far East. It is widely planted as an ornamental because of its showy orange-and-black flowers, and sporadically occurs as a garden escapee in North America, particularly the eastern United States including New England, and has made incursions into some southern states such as Georgia.
It has the English name tiger lily, but that name has been applied to other species as well.
Lilium tigrinum Ker-Gawler,
Batiscan,
Quebec,
Canada
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Lilium tigrinum Ker-Gawler, Batiscan, Quebec, Canada
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