Protoperidinium Bergh 1882

A heterotrophic dinoflagelate from the Amundsen Sea

Figs. 1.SEM of Protoperidinium belizeanum sp. nov. (a) Ventral view. Cell is pyriform with an apical horn and two antapical spines. Apical plate 1' is meta. Cingulum is equatorial and ascending. Cingular wall reticulated (arrowheads). Postcingular plates narrow, qua¬drangular and wide (arrows), (b) Apical pore complex (APC) (X) includes an apical horn and a flange (arrows). Apical horn partially covered with biodetritus. (c) Epitheca excavated ventrally. Location of apical intercalary plate 3a (arrowheads), (d) Hypotheca is round. Cin¬gular list is prominent (arrowheads). Postcingular plates narrow (short arrows). Sulcus deep bordered by narrow list. Antapical spines are two, each with three fins, associated with antapical plates 1" and 2". (e) Thecal surface with three distinct ornamentation: 1) retic¬ulated pattern of ridged hexagonal depressions with a knob at network junctions (arrowheads), 2) depressions with a central rimmed pore (large arrows), and 3) vertical striation of paired particles above intercalary band (short arrows), (f) Depressions with a central rimmed pore (arrows) surrounded by small oblong particles Miniscule pore within the rimmed pore (arrowhead). EMu: SEM NEGATIVE # 155141; SEM STUB # 155; FIELD # 631-93; ACCESSION # 407168; CATALOG # 1598; FIGURE # 3.

FIG. 2. Line drawing of Protoperidinium belizeanum sp. nov. Thecal plates are (a) ventral view, (b) dorsal view, (c) apical view, and (d) antapical view, (e) Details of the sulcal platelets. EMu: SEM NEGATIVE # 155141; SEM STUB # 155; FIELD # 631-93; ACCESSION # 407168; CATALOG # 1598; FIGURE # 3.

A heterotrophic dinoflagellate found with Phaeocystis on which it likely feeds.

Protoperidinium depressum Scale bar indicates 50 µm. The specimen was gathered in the Kieler Förde (Baltic Sea). Sampling date 1/2019. The image was built up using several photomicrographic frames with manual stacking technique. Images were taken using Zeiss Axioplan with Olympus OM-D M5 MKII. Image under Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). Place name: Baltic Sea, Kieler Förde, Kiel Fjord (Germany) Latitude: 54.3894126 Longitude: 10.1749055 Multiebenen-Abbildung, manuell gestapelt. Der Messbalken markiert eine Länge von 50 µm. Probe aus der Kieler Förde. Datum der Aufsammlung: 1/2019. Mikrotechnik: Zeiss Axioplan, Kamera: Olympus OM-D M5 MKII. Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). For permission to use of (high-resolution) images please contact postmaster@protisten.de.

Protoperidinium depressum The specimen was gathered in the Kieler Förde (German Baltic Sea). Scale bar indicates 25 µm. The image was built up using several photomicrographic frames with manual stacking technique. Images were taken using Zeiss Axioplan with MFT camera Olympus OM-D E-M5 II.Image under Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). Place name: Baltic Sea, Kieler Förde, Kiel Fjord (Germany) Latitude: 54.3894126 Longitude: 10.1749055 Multiebenen-Abbildung, manuell gestapelt. Der Messbalken markiert eine Länge von 100 µm. Probe aus der Kieler Förde. Datum der Aufsammlung: 3/2018. Mikrotechnik: Zeiss Axioplan, Kamera: Olympus OM-D M5 MKII. Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). For permission to use of (high-resolution) images please contact postmaster@protisten.de.

Protoperidinium depressum The specimen was gathered in the Kieler Förde (German Baltic Sea). Scale bar indicates 50 µm. The image was built up using several photomicrographic frames with manual stacking technique. Images were taken using Zeiss Axioplan with MFT camera Olympus OM-D E-M5 II.Image under Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). Place name: Baltic Sea, Kieler Förde, Kiel Fjord (Germany) Latitude: 54.3894126 Longitude: 10.1749055 Multiebenen-Abbildung, manuell gestapelt. Der Messbalken markiert eine Länge von 50 µm. Probe aus der Kieler Förde. Mikrotechnik: Zeiss STEMI SV6 Kamera: Olympus OM-D E-M5 II. Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). For permission to use of (high-resolution) images please contact postmaster@protisten.de.

Protoperidinium depressum Scale bar indicates 25 µm. The specimen was gathered in the Kieler Förde (Baltic Sea). Sampling date 1/2019. The image was built up using several photomicrographic frames with manual stacking technique. Images were taken using Zeiss Axioplan with Olympus OM-D M5 MKII. Image under Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). Place name: Baltic Sea, Kieler Förde, Kiel Fjord (Germany) Latitude: 54.3894126 Longitude: 10.1749055 Multiebenen-Abbildung, manuell gestapelt. Der Messbalken markiert eine Länge von 25 µm. Probe aus der Kieler Förde. Datum der Aufsammlung: 1/2019. Mikrotechnik: Zeiss Axioplan, Kamera: Olympus OM-D M5 MKII. Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). For permission to use of (high-resolution) images please contact postmaster@protisten.de.

Protoperidinium divergens The specimen was gathered in the Kieler Förde (German Baltic Sea). Scale bar indicates 25 µm. The image was built up using several photomicrographic frames with manual stacking technique. Images were taken using Zeiss Axioplan with MFT camera Olympus OM-D E-M5 II.Image under Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). Place name: Baltic Sea, Kieler Förde, Kiel Fjord (Germany) Latitude: 54.3894126 Longitude: 10.1749055 Multiebenen-Abbildung, manuell gestapelt. Der Messbalken markiert eine Länge von 25 µm. Probe aus der Kieler Förde. Mikrotechnik: Zeiss STEMI SV6 Kamera: Olympus OM-D E-M5 II. Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). For permission to use of (high-resolution) images please contact postmaster@protisten.de.

Protoperidinium pellucidum Scale bar indicates 25 µm. The specimen was gathered in the Kieler Förde (Baltic Sea). Sampling date 2/2022. The image was built up using several photomicrographic frames with manual stacking technique. Images were taken using Zeiss Axioplan with Olympus OM-D M5 MKII. Image under Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). Place name: Baltic Sea, Kieler Förde, Kiel Fjord (Germany) Latitude: 54.3894126 Longitude: 10.1749055 Multiebenen-Abbildung, manuell gestapelt. Der Messbalken markiert eine Länge von 25 µm. Probe aus der Kieler Förde. Datum der Aufsammlung: 2/2022. Mikrotechnik: Zeiss Axioplan, Kamera: Olympus OM-D M5 MKII. Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). For permission to use of (high-resolution) images please contact postmaster@protisten.de.

Protoperidinium pellucidum Scale bar indicates 25 µm. The specimen was gathered in the Kieler Förde (Baltic Sea). Sampling date 2/2022. The image was built up using several photomicrographic frames with manual stacking technique. Images were taken using Zeiss Axioplan with Olympus OM-D M5 MKII. Image under Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). Place name: Baltic Sea, Kieler Förde, Kiel Fjord (Germany) Latitude: 54.3894126 Longitude: 10.1749055 Multiebenen-Abbildung, manuell gestapelt. Der Messbalken markiert eine Länge von 25 µm. Probe aus der Kieler Förde. Datum der Aufsammlung: 2/2022. Mikrotechnik: Zeiss Axioplan, Kamera: Olympus OM-D M5 MKII. Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). For permission to use of (high-resolution) images please contact postmaster@protisten.de.

Protoperidinium pellucidum Scale bar indicates 25 µm. The specimen was gathered in the Kieler Förde (Baltic Sea). Sampling date 2/2022. The image was built up using several photomicrographic frames with manual stacking technique. Images were taken using Zeiss Axioplan with Olympus OM-D M5 MKII. Image under Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). Place name: Baltic Sea, Kieler Förde, Kiel Fjord (Germany) Latitude: 54.3894126 Longitude: 10.1749055 Multiebenen-Abbildung, manuell gestapelt. Der Messbalken markiert eine Länge von 25 µm. Probe aus der Kieler Förde. Datum der Aufsammlung: 2/2022. Mikrotechnik: Zeiss Axioplan, Kamera: Olympus OM-D M5 MKII. Creative Commons License V 3.0 (CC BY-NC-SA). For permission to use of (high-resolution) images please contact postmaster@protisten.de.

Balea, Galicia, Spain

Balea, Galicia, Spain

O Grove, Galicia, Spain

Njar, Andalusia, Spain

Njar, Andalusia, Spain

Reboredo, Galicia, Spain

Reboredo, Galicia, Spain

Protoperidinium (pro-toe-perry-din-ee-um) heterotrophic dinoflagellate. This is a cyst, but we can see that the margins of the circumferential groove have projecting margins, and there is an anterior point and two short posterior spines. Phase contrast.

Ventral view showing girdle and sulcus. Armouring of the cell is also evident.