Sedge

Carex diluta was discovered in Montana in 1995; it occurs there in relatively natural saline habitats. Its similarity to some Eurasian members of the C. diluta complex suggests that it is probably an introduction.

The taxonomy of Carex diluta and closely related taxa varies throughout Eurasia. A. O. Chater (1980) and T. V. Egorova (1999) applied a broad species concept, which is followed here. However, V. I. Kreczetowicz (1935) recognized four taxa in the complex: C. diluta (in the strict sense), C. karelinii Meinshausen, C. aspratilis V. I. Kreczetowicz, and C. czarwakensis Litvinov. Montana populations appear to correspond most closely to C. karelinii. Further comparisons of the Montana plants with Eurasian material are needed, and indeed, a further examination of this complex throughout its native range in Eurasia is warranted.

Culms 15–55 cm. Leaves mostly basal; basal sheaths pale to dark brown; blades of flowering stems yellowish green, flat, shorter than stems, widest blades 3–4.6 mm wide, margins scabrous. Inflorescences: longer peduncle of terminal spike 1–2(–4) cm; proximal bract mostly equaling or no more than 1.5 times as long as inflorescence; pistillate spikes (2–)3–5, ascending, ovoid to short-cylindric; distal 1 or 2 pistillate spikes aggregated near staminate spike; the proximal widely separated, pedunculate; terminal staminate spike 8–25(–30) × 2 mm. Pistillate scales brown to reddish brown, with green or whitish midrib. Staminate scales brown, ovate-elliptic, margins scarious, apex obtuse or mucronate. Anthers 1.5–2.7 mm. Perigynia yellowish green, 2.6–3.5 × 1–1.3 mm, apex gradually tapered; beak 0.4–0.7 mm, smooth.

Tufted perennial, 20-60 cm. Rhizome short. Stem c. 1 mm in diam., obtusely trigonous, smooth. Leaves from 1/2 to nearly equalling stem lentgh; sheaths 10-50 mm, grey-brown, red-brown punctate between veins; ligule c. 0.3 mm, scarious; blades 3-5 mm wide, flat, soft, upper surface smooth, lower scabrid along slightly recurved margins and along veins esp. towards apex. Inflorescence of 1 male spike, occasionally gynecandrous, and 2-6 female spikes below, upper often imbricate. Bracts from shorter than to overtopping inflorescence, with sheaths to 30 mm. Male spike (5-)10-25 x 2-3 mm, cylindrical to club-shaped, pale brown; male glumes c. 5 x 1 mm, obtuse, scarious. Female spikes 5-25 x 4-6 mm, from erect to slightly drooping, lower with peduncles to 35 mm; female glumes 2-3 x 1-1.2 mm, ovate, acute to truncate with green, barbed arista to 0.5 mm, margins brown scarious; utricles 2.8-3.5 x 1-1.5 mm, green, frequently red-brown punctate between conspicuous veins, beak 0.5-0.8 mm, cylindrical, smooth or veins somewhat barbed, ostiole from obscurely to clearly bidentate, ciliate. Stigmas 3. Nut 2-2.3 x 1-1.3 mm, often with c. 0.2 mm style base and a short stipe, triangular, brown.

S.E. Europe, ?N. Africa, W. & C. Asia.

introduced; Mont.; Eurasia.

Distribution: From Central and southern Russia, Turkey and Iraq to Pakistan and Kashmir, East Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia; also in Kopet-Dagh and Pamiro-Alai; Koyama (in Hara & al., Enum. flow. pl. Nepal 1: 96-120. 1978) reports it from Central Nepal.

2700-3000 m

Fl. Per.: April-August.

Fruiting summer (Aug–early Sep).

Open, damp, saline meadows and bottomlands; 1300–1400m.

Moist meadows, by rivers, streams and irrigation channels; on mountain slopes to 3500 m.

C. aitchisoni Boeck. in Flora 63: 456. 1880.