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Vitis rotundifolia Michx.

Brief Summary ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من EOL authors

Vitus rotundifolia, the muscadine grape, is one of about 60 species of grapes vines (genus Vitus). The muscadine grape is native to the southeastern United States from Texas to Delaware, and along the Mississippi River to Missouri. Unlike most other grape species, it is adapted to warm, humid conditions and does especially well in Florida.

The muscadine grape was the first native grape species to be cultivated in North America.It has been used for commercial wine making since the 16th century in Florida, traditionally for fine wines, port, and dessert wines.The fruit is also used for jelly, preserves, syrup, juices, sauces and eaten fresh. There are hundreds of different cultivars.The first named variety, the Scuppernong, came from North Carolina, described in 1810 by Dr. Calvin Jones.

The wild muscadine vine, ancestor to cultivated varieties, grows abundantly in swamps, sandy ridges, open or forested areas.It likes sandy, well-drained, fertile soil.Twining itself along other plants or sprawling along the ground, it can grow up to 100 feet.In the winter it loses its leaves but at other times of year the roundness of its serrated leaves is a good way to distinguish it from other grape species. While other grape species climb using forked tendrils, the muscadine grape has simple, unforked tendrils.

The muscadine grape is a dioecious species, meaning that individual plants have either female or male flowers, not both.Insects and wind carry pollen from male flowers to pollinate female flowers. The small, greenish flowers occur in a dense, branching cluster (a panicle).The flowers produce sweet, thick-skinned fruit, in bunches of 3-40.The fruit have a long growing season, taking about 100 days from fertilization to mature fruit.They turn a dark purple color and reach about 0.5-1 inch (1-2.5 cm) in diameter when they ripen in late summer. Each contains up to five seeds.Cultivated varieties have fruits of diverse sugar content and colorations from bronze, pink, greenish, yellow, white, to almost black.

The thick pigmented skins and the seeds of muscadine grapes produce many phytochemicals (including antioxidant polyphenols) thought to have considerable potential health benefits, such as control of certain cancers.They are also a good source of dietary fiber.

Muscadine vines have fewer pests than many other grape species.Aphid outbreaks sometimes occur although they usually are contained by natural predators.The grape root borer (Vitacea polistiformis) can cause damage.This grapevine is also fairly disease resistant.Its main diseases are caused by several types of fungus, but are usually treatable.The fruit is eaten by many birds and mammals, and the plant is host to several butterfly and moth species.

Some consider V. rotundifolia, along with two other grape species, members of a separate subgenus (muscadinia).Species in muscadinia are limited to the American southeast and have notable morphological differences from others in Vitus, as well as a different number of chromosomes.

(Andersen et al. 2013; California Rare Fuit Growers 1997; Christman 2010; Conner 2010; Cook 2015; WIkipedia 2015)

مراجع

  • Andersen, P.C., T.E. Crocker and J. Breman, 2013. The muscadine grape. Publication# HS763. Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Retrieved December 17, 2015 from https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs100
  • California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc. 1997. Muscadine Grape. Retrieved December 17, 2015 from http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/muscadinegrape.html
  • Christman, S. 2010 (updated from 2003). Vitis rodundifolia. Floridata Plant Encyclopedia. Retrieved December 17, 2015 from http://www.floridata.com/Plants/Vitaceae/Vitis%20rotundifolia/260
  • Conner, P.J. 2010. A century of muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) breeding at the University of Georgia. University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. Retrieved December 17, 2015 from http://www.caes.uga.edu/commodities/fruits/muscadines/cultivars/documents/A%20Century%20of%20Muscadine%20Grape%20Breeding.pdf
  • Cook, W. 11 July 2015. Vitus rotundifolia, the muscadine grape. Trees, shrubs and woody vines of North Carolina. Retrieved December 17 2015 from http://www.carolinanature.com/trees/viro.html
  • Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, 11 October 2015. Vitis rotundifolia. Retrieved December 17, 2015 from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vitis_rotundifolia&oldid=685159398.

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Vitis rotundifolia ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

Vitis rotundifolia, or muscadine,[1] is a grapevine species native to the southeastern and south-central United States.[2] The growth range extends from Florida to New Jersey coast, and west to eastern Texas and Oklahoma.[3] It has been extensively cultivated since the 16th century.[4] The plants are well-adapted to their native warm and humid climate; they need fewer chilling hours than better known varieties, and thrive in summer heat.

Muscadine berries may be bronze or dark purple or black when ripe.[5] Wild varieties may stay green through maturity. Muscadines are typically used in making artisan wines, juice, and jelly. They are rich sources of polyphenols.[6]

In a natural setting, muscadine provides wildlife habitat as shelter, browse, and food for many birds and animals.[2] It is also a larval host for the Nessus Sphinx Moth (Amphion floridensis) and the Mournful Sphinx Moth (Enyo lugubris).[7]

Taxonomy and pathology

Although in the same genus Vitis with the other grapevine species, the muscadine species belongs to a separate subgenus, Muscadinia (all other grapevine species belong to subgenus Euvitis). Usually the species is divided into three varieties, Vitis rotundifolia Michx. var. rotundifolia (southeast USA), Vitis rotundifolia Michx. var. munsoniana (Florida), and Vitis rotundifolia Michx. var. popenoei (Central America).[8] Some taxonomists have suggested giving the muscadines standing as a genus of its own. It has then also suggested upgrading the varieties to species rank and so splitting two additional species off from Vitis rotundifolia, Vitis munsoniana and Vitis popenoei. All have 40 chromosomes, rather than 38, are generally not cross-compatible with Euvitis subgenus, and most hybrids between the subgenera are sterile. A few are moderately fertile, and have been used in breeding. A commercially available Euvitis × Muscadinia hybrid is the Southern Home cultivar.[9][2]

Although muscadines are hearty grapes with tough skin that protects them from many plant diseases, these grapes nonetheless appear to be susceptible to parasitic nematodes.[10]

Cultivars

North Carolina muscadine grapes

There are about 152[11] muscadine cultivars grown in the Southern states.[12] These include bronze, black and red varieties and consist of common grapes and patented grapes.[13]

Unlike most cultivated grapevines, many muscadine cultivars are pistillate, requiring a pollenizer to set fruit. A few, such as 'Carlos' and 'Noble', are perfect-flowered, produce fruit with their own pollen, and may also pollinate pistillate cultivars.[12]

Muscadine grape cultivars may have low or inconsistent yields, small berries, flavor and thick skin unsuitable to consumer acceptance, and disease susceptibility.[2] Cultivars tend to be developed either for a limited fresh market or for winemaking.[2] For consumer acceptance, fresh market grapes need to be large, sweet, and with relatively thin skin, whereas those for wine, juice or jelly need high yields of high-sugar, color-stable berries.[2]

Fresh-market cultivars include Black Beauty, Carlos, Cowart, Flowers, Fry, Granny Val, Ison, James, Jumbo, Magnolia, Memory (first found on T.S. Memory's farm in 1868 in Whiteville, NC), Mish, Nesbitt, Noble, Scuppernong, Summit, Supreme, and Thomas.[2][13][14] Produced by the University of Florida, the cultivar, 'Southern Home', contains both subgenera Muscadinia and Euvitis (more precisely, V. rotundifolia × V. vinifera) in its background.[2][9]

Crops can be started in 3–5 years. Commercial yields of 20–45 tonnes per hectare (8–18 tons per acre) are possible. Muscadines grow best in fertile sandy loam and alluvial soils. They grow wild in well-drained bottom lands that are not subject to extended drought or waterlogging. They are also resistant to pests and diseases, including Pierce's disease, which can destroy other grape species. Muscadine is one of the grape species most resistant to Phylloxera, an insect that can kill roots of grapevines.[15]

Appellations

Some muscadines in a bowl; the green grapes are scuppernongs

Appellations producing Muscadine wines:[16]

Nutrients

100 grams of muscadine grapes contain the following nutrients according to the USDA:[15]

  • Energy: 57 kilocalories
  • Fats: 0.47 g
  • Carbohydrates: 13.93 g
  • Dietary Fiber: 3.9 g
  • Protein: 0.81 g
  • Calcium: 37 mg
  • Phosphorus: 24 mg
  • Potassium: 203 mg
  • Sodium: 1 mg
  • Vitamin C (total ascorbic acid): 6.5 mg
  • Riboflavin: 1.5 mg

Consumer research

Consumer research indicates that the thick skins and variable in-season quality of fresh muscadine grapes are significant deterrents to retail acceptance.[17][13]

Resveratrol and other polyphenols

The wild progenitor of the muscadine grape still grows freely in the southeastern United States, such as near Indiantown, South Carolina.

One report indicated that muscadine grapes contained high concentrations of resveratrol,[18] but subsequent studies have found no or little resveratrol in muscadine grapes.[6]

Other muscadine polyphenols include anthocyanins, tannins, and various flavonoids.[6][19][20]

The rank order of total phenolic content among muscadine components was found to be seeds higher than skins higher than leaves higher than pulp.[6]

References

  1. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Vitis rotundifolia". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Peter C. Andersen, Timothy E. Crocker, Jacque Breman (2018). "The muscadine grape". Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Retrieved 27 September 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  3. ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  4. ^ "Profile for Vitis rotundifolia (muscadine)". PLANTS Database. USDA, NRCS. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
  5. ^ Boning, Charles (2006). Florida's Best Fruiting Plants: Native and Exotic Trees, Shrubs, and Vines. Sarasota, Florida: Pineapple Press, Inc. p. 155. ISBN 1561643726.
  6. ^ a b c d Pastrana-Bonilla E, Akoh CC, Sellappan S, Krewer G (August 2003). "Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of muscadine grapes". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 51 (18): 5497–503. doi:10.1021/jf030113c. PMID 12926904.
  7. ^ "Muscadine, Muscadine grape". Natives for your Neighborhood.
  8. ^ Norbert Tischelmayer: Vitis rotundifolia. On: glossary.wein.plus
  9. ^ a b J.A. Mortensen, J.W. Harris, D.L. Hopkins, P.C. Andersen (1994). "'Southern Home': An InterspecificHybrid Grape with Ornamental Value". HortScience. 29 (11): 1371–1372. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.29.11.1371.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  10. ^ Jagdale, Ganpati; Severns, Paul; Brannen, Phillip; Cline, William (2019). "Occurrence and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes on muscadine grapes in Georgia and North Carolina". Plant Health Progress. 20 (3): 194–199. doi:10.1094/PHP-06-19-0042-S.
  11. ^ "Muscadine: Vitis International Variety Catalog". Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
  12. ^ a b "Muscadine Grape Breeding Program: General Information". Muscadine Grape Breeding Program: General Information. University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
  13. ^ a b c Xu, C; Yagiz, Y; Zhao, L; Simonne, A; Lu, J; Marshall, M. R. (2017). "Fruit quality, nutraceutical and antimicrobial properties of 58 muscadine grape varieties (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) grown in United States". Food Chemistry. 215: 149–56. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.163. PMID 27542461.
  14. ^ Growing Muscadine Grapes in Oklahoma
  15. ^ a b "America's First Grape – The Muscadine". United States Department of Agriculture. November 1997.
  16. ^ "Appellations Growing Muscadine Grapes". Appellation America. Retrieved 2007-12-01.
  17. ^ Brown, K; Sims, C; Odabasi, A; Bartoshuk, L; Conner, P; Gray, D (2016). "Consumer Acceptability of Fresh-Market Muscadine Grapes". Journal of Food Science. 81 (11): S2808–S2816. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.13522. PMID 27741360.
  18. ^ Ector BJ, Magee JB, Hegwood CP, Coign MJ (1996). "Resveratrol Concentration in Muscadine Berries, Juice, Pomace, Purees, Seeds, and Wines". American Journal of Enology and Viticulture. 47: 57–62. doi:10.5344/ajev.1996.47.1.57. S2CID 98822789.
  19. ^ Talcott ST, Lee JH (May 2002). "Ellagic acid and flavonoid antioxidant content of muscadine wine and juice". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 50 (11): 3186–92. doi:10.1021/jf011500u. PMID 12009984.
  20. ^ Lee JH, Johnson JV, Talcott ST (July 2005). "Identification of ellagic acid conjugates and other polyphenolics in muscadine grapes by HPLC-ESI-MS". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 53 (15): 6003–10. doi:10.1021/jf050468r. PMID 16028988.

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Vitis rotundifolia: Brief Summary ( الإنجليزية )

المقدمة من wikipedia EN

Vitis rotundifolia, or muscadine, is a grapevine species native to the southeastern and south-central United States. The growth range extends from Florida to New Jersey coast, and west to eastern Texas and Oklahoma. It has been extensively cultivated since the 16th century. The plants are well-adapted to their native warm and humid climate; they need fewer chilling hours than better known varieties, and thrive in summer heat.

Muscadine berries may be bronze or dark purple or black when ripe. Wild varieties may stay green through maturity. Muscadines are typically used in making artisan wines, juice, and jelly. They are rich sources of polyphenols.

In a natural setting, muscadine provides wildlife habitat as shelter, browse, and food for many birds and animals. It is also a larval host for the Nessus Sphinx Moth (Amphion floridensis) and the Mournful Sphinx Moth (Enyo lugubris).

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Vitis rotundifolia ( إسبرانتو )

المقدمة من wikipedia EO
Kiel legi la taksonomion
Rondafolia vito Vitis rotundifolia
Vitis rotundifolia
Biologia klasado Regno: Plantoj Plantae
Divizio: Angiospermoj Magnoliophyta
Klaso: Dukotiledonoj Magnoliopsida
Ordo: Vitaloj Vitales
Familio: Vitacoj Vitaceae
Genro: Vito Vitis
L. 1753 Specio: Rondafolia vito Vitis rotundifolia
Aliaj Vikimediaj projektoj
Information icon.svg
vdr

La vitis rotundifolia (konata ankaŭ kiel subgenro Muscadinia) estas grimpa arbusto de la familio de la vitacoj, origina de Nordameriko, kie ĝi etendas el Delavaro al la golfo de Meksiko.

La vinberoj prezentas gamon de koloroj de malhelviola al nigra kiam ili estas maturaj. Tamen kelkaj naturaj variaĵoj restas verde laŭlonge de ties kresko. Ili havas la ŝelon sufiĉe dura, pro kio por manĝi la fruktojn ofte oni devas mordi tra malgranda trueto farita en la ŝelo por sorbi la internan sukon. La frukto konsumiĝas freŝa, kaj oni uzas por prilaborado de vino, mosto kaj ĵeleo.

Priskribo

Burĝonoj

Habitato

Kultivaĵoj

Taksonomio

Enlaces externos

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Vitis rotundifolia: Brief Summary ( إسبرانتو )

المقدمة من wikipedia EO

La vitis rotundifolia (konata ankaŭ kiel subgenro Muscadinia) estas grimpa arbusto de la familio de la vitacoj, origina de Nordameriko, kie ĝi etendas el Delavaro al la golfo de Meksiko.

La vinberoj prezentas gamon de koloroj de malhelviola al nigra kiam ili estas maturaj. Tamen kelkaj naturaj variaĵoj restas verde laŭlonge de ties kresko. Ili havas la ŝelon sufiĉe dura, pro kio por manĝi la fruktojn ofte oni devas mordi tra malgranda trueto farita en la ŝelo por sorbi la internan sukon. La frukto konsumiĝas freŝa, kaj oni uzas por prilaborado de vino, mosto kaj ĵeleo.

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Vitis rotundifolia ( الإسبانية، القشتالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia ES

La vitis rotundifolia (conocida como Muscadinia) es un arbusto trepador de la familia de las vitáceas, originaria del norte de América, donde está extendida desde Delaware al golfo de México.

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Frutos

Descripción

Las bayas son de color violeta oscuro a negro cuando están maduras. Sin embargo, en las plantas silvestres se mantienen de color verde. Tienen la piel dura, por lo que hay que morder la piel para agujerearla y poder chupar la pulpa. La fruta se consume fresca, o se utiliza para elaborar vino, jugo y jalea.

Taxonomía

Vitis rotundifolia fue descrita por André Michaux y publicado en Flora Boreali-Americana 2: 231. 1803.[1]

Etimología

Vitis; nombre genérico que es tomado directamente del Latín vītis, vitis, la vid, el sarmiento, vitis vinea siendo el vino[2]

rotundifolia: epíteto latíno que significa "con hojas redondas"[3]

Sinonimia
  • Muscadinia rotundifolia (Michx.) Small[4]

Véase también

Referencias

Bibliografía

  1. CONABIO. 2009. Catálogo taxonómico de especies de México. 1. In Capital Nat. México. CONABIO, Mexico City.
  2. Correll, D. S. & M. C. Johnston. 1970. Man. Vasc. Pl. Texas i–xv, 1–1881. The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson.
  3. Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York.
  4. Gleason, H. A. 1968. The Choripetalous Dicotyledoneae. vol. 2. 655 pp. In H. A. Gleason Ill. Fl. N. U.S.. New York Botanical Garden, New York.
  5. Gleason, H. A. & A.J. Cronquist. 1991. Man. Vasc. Pl. N.E. U.S. (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
  6. Godfrey, R. K. & J. W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic Wetland Pl. S.E. U.S. Dicot. 1–944. Univ. Georgia Press, Athens.
  7. Long, R. W. & O. K. Lakela. 1971. Fl. Trop. Florida i–xvii, 1–962. University of Miami Press, Coral Cables.
  8. Molina Rosito, A. 1975. Enumeración de las plantas de Honduras. Ceiba 19(1): 1–118.
  9. Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell. 1968. Man. Vasc. Fl. Carolinas i–lxi, 1–1183. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
  10. Wunderlin, R. P. 1998. Guide Vasc. Pl. Florida i–x, 1–806. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.

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Vitis rotundifolia: Brief Summary ( الإسبانية، القشتالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia ES

La vitis rotundifolia (conocida como Muscadinia) es un arbusto trepador de la familia de las vitáceas, originaria del norte de América, donde está extendida desde Delaware al golfo de México.

 src= Frutos
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Vitis rotundifolia ( الفرنسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FR

Vitis rotundifolia, ou muscadinia rotundifolia est une espèce de vigne originaire du sud-est des États-Unis, qui pousse dans des régions ayant un climat chaud et humide, où les températures baissent rarement en dessous de 12 degrés Celsius[1],[2]. Cette vigne pousse naturellement dans les États suivants: Alabama, Arkansas, Caroline du Nord, Caroline du Sud, Delaware, Floride, Géorgie, Kentucky, Louisiane, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Virginie et Virginie-Occidentale. Ses caractéristiques principales sont sa résistance au climat chaud et humide et son besoin limité de période de refroidissement pour que les raisins puissent bourgeonner.

Synonymes

Suivant le genre attribué, on trouve Vitis rotundifolia, ou Muscadinia rotundifolia, ou encore des noms vernaculaires comme la muscadine, soco, ou liane de soco en Louisiane.

Utilisation

 src=
Raisins muscadines. Les raisins verdâtres sont du cépage scuppernong

Les raisins muscadine peuvent être mangés frais ou utilisés dans la production de jus, de gelées ou de vin. Il existe plusieurs cépages de muscadine, les plus connus étant le Thomas et le scuppernong[1].

Histoire

Le muscadine du cépage scuppernong aurait été le premier raisin à être utilisé pour la fabrication de vin dans l'histoire des États-Unis, soit il y a plus de 400 ans sur l'île de Roanoke Island en Caroline du Nord, dans la colonie fondée par Walter Raleigh[3].

Médecine

Covid-19

Une étude de novembre 2020 menée par l'université de Caroline du Nord suggère que les polyphénols spécifiques (flavanols et proanthocyanidines) contenus dans Vitis rotundifolia, dans le thé vert, dans le cacao et dans le chocolat noir affecteraient la capacité du virus SARS-CoV-2 à se fixer sur les cellules humaines, réduisant ainsi les taux d'infection et de transmission du virus, cause de la Covid-19[4].

Références

  1. a et b (en) « Muscadine Grapes in the Home Garden / NC State Extension Publications », sur ncsu.edu (consulté le 19 septembre 2020).
  2. http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/fruit-nut/fact-sheets/muscadine/
  3. http://www.ncagr.gov/markets/ncwine/about-us/nc-wine-history.html
  4. (en) Yue Zhu et De-Yu Xie, « Docking Characterization and in vitro Inhibitory Activity of Flavan-3-ols and Dimeric Proanthocyanidins Against the Main Protease Activity of SARS-Cov-2 », Frontiers in Plant Science,‎ 30 novembre 2020 (DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 4 janvier 2021).
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Vitis rotundifolia: Brief Summary ( الفرنسية )

المقدمة من wikipedia FR

Vitis rotundifolia, ou muscadinia rotundifolia est une espèce de vigne originaire du sud-est des États-Unis, qui pousse dans des régions ayant un climat chaud et humide, où les températures baissent rarement en dessous de 12 degrés Celsius,. Cette vigne pousse naturellement dans les États suivants: Alabama, Arkansas, Caroline du Nord, Caroline du Sud, Delaware, Floride, Géorgie, Kentucky, Louisiane, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Virginie et Virginie-Occidentale. Ses caractéristiques principales sont sa résistance au climat chaud et humide et son besoin limité de période de refroidissement pour que les raisins puissent bourgeonner.

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Vitis rotundifolia ( الإيطالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia IT

Vitis rotundifolia Michx., 1803 è una pianta appartenente alla famiglia Vitaceae originaria del Messico e del Sud Est degli Stati Uniti.[1] È anche nota come Muscadine (italiano: Moscatina), Bullit o Bullace, o anche Scuppernong, per la località dei primi reperimenti della specie a Scuppernong (Nord Carolina - USA).

Tassonomia

La V. rotundifolia appartiene al Subgenere Muscadinia a cui appartengono anche la Vitis munsoniana e la V. popenoei. Le altre "Vitis" appartengono al subgenere Euvitis.

Descrizione

La vite è una pianta rampicante dioica, cioè esistono piante con sola fioritura maschile, e piante con sola fioritura femminile, sono state individuate alcune varietà ermafrodite (con ambedue i sessi, ed autofertili). Di norma i maschi non sono coltivati, ma sono coltivate piante ermafrodite con le femmine (la gamma qualitativa delle femmine è più ampia e migliore). Sono state selezionate, e sono presenti selvatiche, una quarantina di varietà.

La vite per diversi caratteri è molto diversa dalle altre viti.

Ha fusto adulto rugoso (come zigrinato) di colore grigio, ma la corteccia non si sfalda come nelle altre viti.
Ha viticci sempre e solo singoli, (mai ramificati), sottili e robustissimi.
I tralci sono molto sottili ma robustissimi, ha una fortissima tendenza alla femminellatura.
I grappoli sono disordinati, e di norma con pochi o pochissimi acini, (di norma da 6-8, fino a 40 acini).
Di norma gli acini sono piuttosto grandi, a buccia molto spessa e dura, che non è inghiottita al consumo.
Spesso gli acini maturano separatamente gli uni dagli altri, e si staccano singolarmente dal grappolo.
Le foglie sono piuttosto piccole (15-18 cm) non sono mai lobate, ma tonde con una grossolana dentatura.
Le foglie sono molto sottili e lucide.

La pianta ha frutti (acini) di colore nero (blu-rossiccio) o bronzeo, molto raramente di colore rosso; le dimensioni degli acini (sempre tondi o solo leggermente ovati) vanno da 13 –15 mm a 30–38 mm. Di norma gli acini sono raccolti singolarmente, staccandoli dal graspo; comunque a maturità gli acini si distaccano con estrema facilità. La abscissione (distacco) del grappolo è molto difficile, il graspo residuo alla raccolta si rimuove con la "pulizia" della potatura invernale.

Ambiente

La pianta è limitata climaticamente a luoghi umidi, con suolo neutro o acido; per alcuni aspetti diverge drasticamente dalla Vitis vinifera; infatti l'apparato radicale è superficiale.

La pianta non è adatta a climi molto freddi; le gemme sono danneggiate da temperature inferiori ai -12 °C, a temperature di poco inferiori (-16, -18 °C) ha danni consistenti e muore.

Diffusione e caratteristiche

La pianta è coltivata nelle regioni costiere e continentali del Sud Est degli Stati Uniti, dove è utilizzata per il consumo fresco come frutta, notevole anche la produzione di succhi, gelatine e composte. La coltivazione è limitata agli ambienti adatti (umidi), nei luoghi di origine.

Le varietà botaniche hanno un modesto valore zuccherino. Dalle varietà botaniche sono state selezionate diverse varietà di maggiore qualità, di ottimo sapore, e di ottimo livello zuccherino.

La pianta non è adatta alla produzione di vino, non ha pigmenti coloranti stabili, ed elementi conservanti di buon livello; può avere, in alcune varietà, più o meno pronunciato un sapore "volpino", in parte simile a quello dell'uva Isabella, altre varietà ne sono esenti. Nei luoghi di origine, in assenza di una cultura della vinificazione di qualità, piccole quantità di frutti sono comunque "vinificati", con aggiunte di zuccheri e melasse.

Riproduzione e moltiplicazione

La pianta si riproduce per semi con estrema facilità.

La pianta è fisiologicamente e geneticamente molto diversa dalle altre Vitis; si moltiplica per innesto (ammesso che esista una ragione per farlo) sulla stessa specie, sconosciuta la possibilità di innesto con Euvitis. La moltiplicazione per talea invernale è praticamente impossibile (il legno è "secco" e non ha amidi di riserva) , è invece possibile la talea verde primaverile in ambiente protetto (ombreggiato e con nebulizzazione), è facile la moltiplicazione per propaggine o margotta in suolo umido, interramento dei rami a luglio.

Varietà

Ibridazione

Per l'enorme differenza genetica si ritiene la ibridazione con altre specie di Euvitis molto difficile.

Malattie e particolarità

La pianta è molto resistente alle malattie tradizionali della vite (Peronospora, Fillossera, Oidio), i geni di tale resistenza sono stati utilizzati mediante ibridazione con Euvitis, allo scopo di trasferire a questa ultima la resistenza multipla alle malattie, nel tentativo di conservare, se possibile infine, le caratteristiche di eminenza della vinifera ma con resistenze accresciute.

La vite ha una elevata esigenza di Magnesio. Si sono avuti episodicamente ingiallimenti fogliari (analoghi a quelli della clorosi) in terreni particolarmente poveri di magnesio.

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Vitis rotundifolia Michx., su Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. URL consultato il 15 gennaio 2021.

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Vitis rotundifolia: Brief Summary ( الإيطالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia IT

Vitis rotundifolia Michx., 1803 è una pianta appartenente alla famiglia Vitaceae originaria del Messico e del Sud Est degli Stati Uniti. È anche nota come Muscadine (italiano: Moscatina), Bullit o Bullace, o anche Scuppernong, per la località dei primi reperimenti della specie a Scuppernong (Nord Carolina - USA).

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Vitis rotundifolia ( لاتينية )

المقدمة من wikipedia LA

Vitis rotundifolia (binomen ab Andrea Michaux anno 1803 statutum) est species plantarum florentium cuius uvae esculentae, olim ab indigenis pabulatae, ad vini confectionem adhibentur. Est fons principalis cultivarietatis "Scuppernong", unde etiam oritur hybrida "Catawba".

Notae

Bibliographia

Fontes antiquiores
Eruditio
Encyclopaediae et enumerationes
  • Stephen Facciola, Cornucopia: a source book of edible plants (Vista: Kampong Publications, 1990) pp. 216, 393

Nexus externi

Commons-logo.svg Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Vitis rotundifolia spectant.
Wikispecies-logo.svg Vide "Vitis rotundifolia" apud Vicispecies. Wikidata-logo.svg Situs scientifici: TropicosGRINITISPlant ListNCBIBiodiversityEncyclopedia of LifePlant Name IndexINPN FranceFlora of North AmericaUSDA Plants Database
De usu
Onomastica
  • "Vitis" apud Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database
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Vitis rotundifolia: Brief Summary ( لاتينية )

المقدمة من wikipedia LA

Vitis rotundifolia (binomen ab Andrea Michaux anno 1803 statutum) est species plantarum florentium cuius uvae esculentae, olim ab indigenis pabulatae, ad vini confectionem adhibentur. Est fons principalis cultivarietatis "Scuppernong", unde etiam oritur hybrida "Catawba".

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Vitis rotundifolia ( البرتغالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia PT

A Vitis rotundifolia é uma espécie de uva do gênero vitis, nativa do sul dos Estados Unidos bastante cultivada desde o século XVI. A área de cultivo se estende desde o sul de Nova Iorque até à Flórida, passando pelo Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, Oklahoma e Texas. A planta está perfeitamente adaptada ao clima quente e úmido dessa região.[1]

Nos Estados Unidos, esta uva é conhecida como "muscadine" (que pode ser traduzido para português como "muscadínea" [2]) ela não é consumida apenas ao natural mas é usada também na fabricação de sucos e geleias.

Referências

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Vitis rotundifolia: Brief Summary ( البرتغالية )

المقدمة من wikipedia PT

A Vitis rotundifolia é uma espécie de uva do gênero vitis, nativa do sul dos Estados Unidos bastante cultivada desde o século XVI. A área de cultivo se estende desde o sul de Nova Iorque até à Flórida, passando pelo Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, Oklahoma e Texas. A planta está perfeitamente adaptada ao clima quente e úmido dessa região.

Nos Estados Unidos, esta uva é conhecida como "muscadine" (que pode ser traduzido para português como "muscadínea" ) ela não é consumida apenas ao natural mas é usada também na fabricação de sucos e geleias.

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Vitis rotundifolia ( الفيتنامية )

المقدمة من wikipedia VI

Vitis rotundifolia là một loài thực vật hai lá mầm trong họ Nho. Loài này được Michx. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1803.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Vitis rotundifolia. Truy cập ngày 8 tháng 6 năm 2013.

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Vitis rotundifolia: Brief Summary ( الفيتنامية )

المقدمة من wikipedia VI

Vitis rotundifolia là một loài thực vật hai lá mầm trong họ Nho. Loài này được Michx. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1803.

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