Common Names
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
plains bluegrass
prairie speargrass
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Cover Value
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
Cover value of plains bluegrass for small mammals, small birds, and upland game birds has been rated as fair [
5].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Description
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
cool-season,
perfectPlains bluegrass is a native, cool-season perennial from 12 to 32 inches (30-80 cm) tall [
8,
18,
29]. The panicle is compact to infrequently open. Spikelets have 3 to 7 perfect flowers. Plains bluegrass is shortly rhizomatous to nearly arhizomatous. Plants in the Intermountain region consistently have rhizomes, while some plants in the Great Plains may be nearly arhizomatous [
8,
10]. In Wyoming, rhizomes of plains bluegrass have been described as "short but abundant" [
18].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Distribution
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
Plains bluegrass occurs from British Columbia east to Manitoba and south to Minnesota, Texas, and New Mexico [8,10,12,24]. It is most common east of the Continental Divide [10,24].
Plants previously identified as plains bluegrass in Utah are probably arctic bluegrass [17,24], and plants previously identified as plains bluegrass in Arizona are probably mutton grass [24].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Fire Ecology
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms:
seed,
tiller,
top-killStudies of the fire ecology and successional status of plains bluegrass are lacking. Most plains bluegrass probably sprout from rhizomes after top-kill by fire. Plants that are nearly arhizomatous probably tiller after top-kill. Ability of plains bluegrass to establish from seed after fire or other disturbance cannot be assessed until further data are available.
For information on FIRE REGIMES of ecosystems in which plains bluegrass occurs, see FEIS reviews on Bouteloua gracilis, Buchloe dactyloides, Distichlis spicata, and Hesperostipa comata.
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. More info for the term:
geophyteGeophyte
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Habitat characteristics
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
Plains bluegrass occurs on disturbed sites, pastures, meadows, prairies, piedmont valleys, foothills, and alpine sites [8,10,21,24].
Soils with plains bluegrass are often alkaline and/or sandy [8,10,15,21,24]. In South Dakota, plains bluegrass occurs on saline, sulfate-dominated soils near Stink and Bitter lakes in Codington and Day counties, respectively. Soil pH averages 7.9 on sites with plains bluegrass [26].
Unlike most bluegrasses (Poa spp.), plains bluegrass tolerates dry soils [24]. Soil moisture is highly variable, however; plains bluegrass occurs on arid, well-drained soils and on wet, sometimes poorly drained soils [8,16,24]. At the northern edge of its range in extreme northern Alberta, plains bluegrass occurs only on well-drained south-facing slopes [22].
Plains bluegrass occurs from 3,500 to 9,500 feet (1,000-2900 m) elevation in Colorado [9].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Habitat: Ecosystem
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):
More info for the term:
shrubFRES29 Sagebrush
FRES30 Desert shrub
FRES33 Southwestern shrubsteppe
FRES35 Pinyon-juniper
FRES36 Mountain grasslands
FRES37 Mountain meadows
FRES38 Plains grasslands
FRES39 Prairie
FRES41 Wet grasslands
FRES44 Alpine
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Habitat: Plant Associations
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):
K038 Great Basin sagebrush
K040 Saltbrush-greasewood
K047 Fescue-oatgrass
K051 Wheatgrass-bluegrass
K052 Alpine meadows and barren
K056 Wheatgrass-needlegrass shrubsteppe
K058 Grama-tobosa shrubsteppe
K063 Foothills prairie
K064 Grama-needlegrass-wheatgrass
K065 Grama-buffalograss
K066 Wheatgrass-needlegrass
K067 Wheatgrass-bluestem-needlegrass
K068 Wheatgrass-grama prairie
K070 Sandsage-bluestem prairie
K073 Northern cordgrass prairie
K074 Nebraska Sand Hills prairie
K076 Blackland prairie
K088 Fayette prairie
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Habitat: Rangeland Cover Types
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following Rangeland Cover Types (as classified by the Society for Range Management, SRM):
More info for the terms:
grassland,
shrub101 Bluebunch wheatgrass
103 Green fescue
213 Alpine grassland
216 Montane meadows
301 Bluebunch wheat grass-blue grama
302 Bluebunch wheatgrass-Sandberg bluegrass
303 Bluebunch wheatgrass-western wheatgrass
310 Needle-and-thread-blue grama
313 Tufted hairgrass-sedge
314 Big sagebrush-bluebunch wheatgrass
401 Basin big sagebrush
402 Mountain big sagebrush
403 Wyoming big sagebrush
410 Alpine rangeland
501 Saltbush-greasewood
502 Grama-galleta
505 Grama-tobosa shrub
601 Bluestem prairie
602 Bluestem-prairie sandreed
603 Prairie sandreed-needlegrass
604 Bluestem-grama prairie
605 Sandsage prairie
606 Wheatgrass-bluestem-needlegrass
607 Wheatgrass-needlegrass
608 Wheatgrass-grama-needlegrass
609 Wheatgrass-grama
610 Wheatgrass
611 Blue grama-buffalograss
612 Sagebrush-grass
615 Wheatgrass-saltgrass-grama
701 Alkali sacaton-tobosagrass
702 Black grama-alkali sacaton
703 Black grama-sideoats grama
704 Blue grama-western wheatgrass
705 Blue grama-galleta
706 Blue grama-sideoats grama
707 Blue grama-sideoats grama-black grama
708 Bluestem-dropseed
709 Bluestem-grama
710 Galleta-alkali sacaton
713 Grama-muhly-threeawn
714 Grama-bluestem
715 Grama-buffalograss
720 Sand bluestem-little bluestem (dunes)
721 Sand bluestem-little bluestem (plains)
722 Sand sagebrush-mixed prairie
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Immediate Effect of Fire
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
Fire probably top-kills plains bluegrass.
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Importance to Livestock and Wildlife
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
Plains bluegrass is a minor species in most plant communities and is generally not important as forage [
20]. It has some value in early spring because it greens up before most associated grass species [
18,
29].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Key Plant Community Associations
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
heathKS: Associates of plains bluegrass in mixed-grass prairie include little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) , buffalo grass (Buchloe dactyloides), prairie junegrass (Koelaria macrantha), red threeawn (Aristida purpurea), and sixweeks fescue (Vulpia octoflora) [
28].
Plant associates in salt grass (Distichlis spicata) communities of Kansas include saltmarsh bulrush (Scirpus maritimus), spear saltbush (Atriplex patula), silverscale saltbush (A. argentea), Pursh seepweed (Suaeda calceoliformis), foxtail barley (Cristestion jubatum), summer-cypress (Kochia scoparia), and prostrate heath aster (Aster ericoides var. prostratus) [
27].
SD: Plant associates in a salt grass-foxtail barley community of South Dakota include Nuttall's alkali grass (Puccinellia nuttalliana) and western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii) [
26].
ND: A depauperate plant community dominated by plains bluegrass has been described by Lura, Barker, and Nyren [
16] in Range plant communities of the Central Grasslands Research Station in south central North Dakota. The plains grassland-salt grass-foxtail barley community occurs on poorly drained, saline soil. Plant community members include Nuttall's alkali grass, alkali muhly (Muhlenbergia asperifolia), glasswort (Salicornia rubra), and sandspurrey (Spergularia marina) [
16].
WY: Associates of plains bluegrass in shortgrass prairie of Wyoming include blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), buffalo grass, western wheatgrass, pale agoseris (Agoseris glauca), lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), white thistle (Cirsium hookerianum), golden sedge (Carex aurea), thickspike wheatgrass (Elymus lanceolatus), plains reedgrass (Calamagrostis montanensis), tufted hairgrass (Deschampsia caespitosa), plains muhly (M. cuspidata), and slender milkvetch (Astragalus gracilis) [
1,
3].
In alpine plant communities, associates include black sedge (Carex atriformis), shortstalk sedge (C. podocarpa), tufted hairgrass, purple reedgrass (Calamagrostis purpurascens), Thurber's fescue (Festuca thurberi), sheep fescue (F. ovina), American bistort (Polygonum bistortoides), and western yarrow (Achillea millefolium) [
3].
AB: Plains bluegrass is at the northern limit of its range in extreme northern Alberta. Associates of plains bluegrass in dry grasslands of Woods Buffalo National Park include prairie junegrass, Canadian needlegrass (Stipa curtiseta), Richardson needlegrass (S. richardsonii), manybranched pepperweed (Ledpidium ramosissium), prairiesmoke (Geum triflorum), candle anemone (Anemone cylindrica), bastard toadflax (Comandra umbellata), and northwest cinquefoil (Potentilla gracilis) [
20,
22].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Life Form
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
graminoidGraminoid
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Management considerations
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
coverPlains bluegrass is drought tolerant but may decline with prolonged drought. Weaver [
28] reported that plains bluegrass cover decreased in Kansas during the severe drought of 1933 to 1935.
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Occurrence in North America
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
CO IA KS MN MT NE
NM ND OK SD TX WY
AB BC MB SK
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Palatability
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
Plains bluegrass is palatable to domestic and wild ungulates, small mammals and birds, and upland game birds [
5].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Phenology
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. Flowering periods of plains bluegrass by geographic area Geographic area Flowering dates Dakotas early June [
29] Great Plains April to June [
8] Intermountain region June to August [
10] New Mexico May to July [
24]
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Plant Response to Fire
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
top-killPlains bluegrass probably sprouts from rhizomes after top-kill by fire.
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Post-fire Regeneration
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
fire regimeGeophyte
FIRE REGIMES:
Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under "Find FIRE REGIMES".
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Regeneration Processes
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term:
seedPlains bluegrass establishes from seed [
14] and by sprouting from rhizomes [
21].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Regional Distribution in the Western United States
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info on this topic. This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):
8 Northern Rocky Mountains
9 Middle Rocky Mountains
10 Wyoming Basin
11 Southern Rocky Mountains
12 Colorado Plateau
13 Rocky Mountain Piedmont
14 Great Plains
15 Black Hills Uplift
16 Upper Missouri and Broken Lands
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Taxonomy
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
The scientific name of plains bluegrass is Poa arida Vasey (Poaceae). There are no infrataxa [8,10,11,24,15].
Plains bluegrass hybridizes with Sandberg bluegrass (P. secunda) [24]. It intergrades with Sandberg bluegrass, mutton grass (P. fendleriana), and arctic bluegrass (P. arctica) [11,24,15,17].
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
U.S. Federal Legal Status
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من Fire Effects Information System Plants
No legal status
- الاقتباس الببليوغرافي
- Howard, Janet L. 1998. Poa arida. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/graminoid/poaari/all.html
Physical Description
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من USDA PLANTS text
Perennials, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Rhizomes present, Rhizome short and compact, stems close, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross secti on, or polygonal, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly basal, below middle of stem, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blade margins folded, involute, or conduplicate, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Leaf blades more or less hairy, Ligule present, Ligule an unfringed eciliate membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence an open panicle, openly paniculate, branches spreading, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflorescence with 2-10 branches, Inflorescence branches more than 10 to numerous, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets laterally compressed, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 2 florets , Spikelets with 3-7 florets, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating above the glumes, glumes persistent, Spikelets disarticulating beneath or between the florets, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes equal or subequal, Glumes distinctly unequal, Glumes shorter than adjacent lemma, Glumes keeled or winged, Glumes 3 nerved, Lemmas thin, chartaceous, hyaline, cartilaginous, or membranous, Lemma similar in texture to glumes, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma body or surface hairy, Lemma apex truncate, rounded, or obtuse, Lemma apex acute or acuminate, Lemma awnless, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma straight, Callus or base of lemma evidently hairy, Callus hairs shorter than lemma, Lemma with long cobwebby white hairs, Palea present, well developed, Palea about equal to lemma, Palea 2 nerved or 2 keeled, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2 -branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis, Caryopsis ellipsoid, longitudinally grooved, hilum long-linear.
Poa arida: Brief Summary
(
الإنجليزية
)
المقدمة من wikipedia EN
Poa arida is a species of grass known by the common names plains bluegrass and prairie speargrass. It is native to North America, where it occurs throughout western and central Canada and the central United States. It is most common east of the Continental Divide; specimens west are often misidentifications.
This perennial grass grows up to 80 centimeters tall. The inflorescence is usually compact, its spikelets containing 3 to 7 flowers each. The grass sometimes has rhizomes. It grows in tufts or clumps or sometimes solitary. It reproduces by seed and by rhizome.
The grass grows in many types of habitat in the Rocky Mountains, the Colorado Plateau, the Great Plains, and other adjacent regions. It can be found in grassland, sagebrush, shrubsteppe, and prairie. It can be found in alpine climates and saltgrass plant communities. The northern limit of its distribution is in northern Alberta.