dcsimg

Asociaciones ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

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Tóxica*

Esta especie produce toxinas, cuando se encuentra en grupo, la cual puede ser fatal para sus depredadores (en especial mariscos) (Moestrup &Brandt, 2009)

Depredación

Son presa de microorganismos marinos y animales en estado larvario (Moestrup &Brandt, 2009)
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cc-by-nc-sa-2.5
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CONABIO
書目引用
CONABIO. 2012. Fichas de especie. Dinoñhysis fortii. Sistema de información sobre especies invasoras en México. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad.
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Conabio

Descripción ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

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1.1 Descripción de la especie

Tiene un cuerpo subovalado, margen ventral aplanado. Epiteca convexa; hipoteca con base posterior amplia y redondeada. La aleta sulcal es recta cubriendo dos tercios del cuerpo y generalmente reticulada. Eje longitudinal está inclinado centralmente. Membranas singulares sin radios. Borde dorsal del cíngulo generalmente aplanado, ornamentación tecal de poroides mediano, cada uno con un poro. Productora de toxinas liposolubles ictiotóxicas. Las dimensiones reportadas: longitud 42-76 µm; transdiámetro 41-48 µm (Licea, et al., 1995).
許可
cc-by-nc-sa-2.5
版權
CONABIO
書目引用
CONABIO. 2012. Fichas de especie. Dinoñhysis fortii. Sistema de información sobre especies invasoras en México. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad.
原始內容
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Conabio

Estrategia trófica ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

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Autótrofo quimiosintético

Son organismos heterotróficos y autotróficos (Moestrup &Brandt, 2009)
許可
cc-by-nc-sa-2.5
版權
CONABIO
書目引用
CONABIO. 2012. Fichas de especie. Dinoñhysis fortii. Sistema de información sobre especies invasoras en México. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad.
原始內容
參訪來源
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Conabio

Reproducción ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

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Asexual

Se reproducen de manera asexual y sexual (Moestrup &Brandt, 2009).
許可
cc-by-nc-sa-2.5
版權
CONABIO
書目引用
CONABIO. 2012. Fichas de especie. Dinoñhysis fortii. Sistema de información sobre especies invasoras en México. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad.
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Conabio

Ecology ( 英語 )

由NMNH Marine Dinoflagellates提供
D. fortii is a planktonic oceanic and neritic species (Abè 1967; Taylor et al. 1995; Steidinger & Tangen 1996). It is a bloom-forming species; noxious blooms have been reported from Australia (Hallegraeff 1987) and Japan (Yasumoto et al. 1980; Osaka & Takabayashi 1985; Igarashi 1986). In northern Japan warm currents in spring and early summer carry populations of D. fortii landward where cells filter into coastal areas of intensive shellfish aquaculture (Taylor et al. 1995). Populations seem to be most abundant in early summer (Yasumoto et al. 1980; Osaka & Takabayashi 1985; Igarashi 1986).
Observations of Miyazono and Minoda (1990) suggest that this species prefers high salinity and low temperatures; however, they can tolerate lower salinities. Early studies of Ishimaru et al. (1988) suggest the capablity of D. fortii to prey upon cryptomonads.
書目引用
Faust, Maria A. and Rose A. Gulledge. Identifying Harmful Marine Dinoflagellates. Smithsonian Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume 42: 1-144 (including 48 plates, 1 figure and 1 table).
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NMNH Marine Dinoflagellates

Habitat and Locality ( 英語 )

由NMNH Marine Dinoflagellates提供
D. fortii is widely distributed in cold temperate waters world-wide, but is also found in subtropical to tropical areas (Abè 1967; Taylor et al. 1995; Steidinger & Tangen 1996).
書目引用
Faust, Maria A. and Rose A. Gulledge. Identifying Harmful Marine Dinoflagellates. Smithsonian Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume 42: 1-144 (including 48 plates, 1 figure and 1 table).
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NMNH Marine Dinoflagellates

Morphology and Structure ( 英語 )

由NMNH Marine Dinoflagellates提供
Dinophysis fortii is a photosynthetic species with large central chloroplasts and a terminal pyrenoid (Hallegraeff & Lucas 1988; Larsen & Moestrup 1992).
書目引用
Faust, Maria A. and Rose A. Gulledge. Identifying Harmful Marine Dinoflagellates. Smithsonian Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume 42: 1-144 (including 48 plates, 1 figure and 1 table).
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NMNH Marine Dinoflagellates

Nomenclatural Types ( 英語 )

由NMNH Marine Dinoflagellates提供
Holotype: Dinophysis fortii Pavillard, 1923: 881
Type Locality: unknown
書目引用
Faust, Maria A. and Rose A. Gulledge. Identifying Harmful Marine Dinoflagellates. Smithsonian Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume 42: 1-144 (including 48 plates, 1 figure and 1 table).
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NMNH Marine Dinoflagellates

Remarks ( 英語 )

由NMNH Marine Dinoflagellates提供
D. fortii is best identified by its wide rounded posterior and the presence of reticulations on the sulcal list (Larsen & Moestrup 1992; Steidinger & Tangen 1996). Variations in cell shape are mostly seen in the placement and size of the hypothecal dorsal bulge (Abè 1967).
Many authors consider Phalacroma to be synonymous with Dinophysis (Steidinger & Tangen 1996).
書目引用
Faust, Maria A. and Rose A. Gulledge. Identifying Harmful Marine Dinoflagellates. Smithsonian Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume 42: 1-144 (including 48 plates, 1 figure and 1 table).
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NMNH Marine Dinoflagellates

Reproduction ( 英語 )

由NMNH Marine Dinoflagellates提供
D. fortii reproduces asexually by binary fission.
書目引用
Faust, Maria A. and Rose A. Gulledge. Identifying Harmful Marine Dinoflagellates. Smithsonian Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume 42: 1-144 (including 48 plates, 1 figure and 1 table).
合作夥伴網站
NMNH Marine Dinoflagellates

Species Overview ( 英語 )

由NMNH Marine Dinoflagellates提供
Dinophysis fortii is an armoured, marine, planktonic dinoflagellate species. This species is a bloom forming toxic species associated with DSP events. It has world-wide distribution in cold temperate waters, but is also found in subtropical to tropical waters.
書目引用
Faust, Maria A. and Rose A. Gulledge. Identifying Harmful Marine Dinoflagellates. Smithsonian Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume 42: 1-144 (including 48 plates, 1 figure and 1 table).
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NMNH Marine Dinoflagellates

Taxonomic Description ( 英語 )

由NMNH Marine Dinoflagellates提供
Species in this genus are laterally compressed with a small, cap-like epitheca and a much larger hypotheca (dorso-ventral depth of epitheca is 1/2 to 2/3 of hypotheca). The shape of the cell in lateral view is the most important criterion used for identification (Taylor et al. 1995).
Cells of Dinophysis fortii are large, long and subovate, ending in a broadly rounded posterior (a dorsal bulge)(Figs. 1-4). The posterior end is the widest. The left sulcal list (LSL) is well developed and very long; it can extend up to 4/5 of the cell length (Figs. 1-3) (Abè 1967; Taylor et al. 1995; Steidinger & Tangen 1996).
The thick thecal plates of the hypotheca are deeply areolated (Figs. 1, 2), each areolae with a pore (Fig. 4). Cell size ranges: 56-83 µm in length and 43-58 µm in dorso-ventral width (at the base of the third rib of the LSL) (Abè 1967; Taylor et al. 1995; Larsen & Moestrup 1992; Steidinger & Tangen 1996).
書目引用
Faust, Maria A. and Rose A. Gulledge. Identifying Harmful Marine Dinoflagellates. Smithsonian Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume 42: 1-144 (including 48 plates, 1 figure and 1 table).
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NMNH Marine Dinoflagellates

Thecal Plate Description ( 英語 )

由NMNH Marine Dinoflagellates提供
The small epitheca is made up of four plates. Well developed cingular lists, both anteriorly inclined, obscure the epitheca (Figs. 1-4). The anterior cingular list (ACL), which is wider than the posterior list (PCL), forms a wide and shallow cup with the epitheca as its bottom (Figs. 3, 4) (Fukuyo et al. 1990; Taylor et al. 1995). The sulcus is comprised of several irregularly shaped plates. The flagellar pore is housed in the sulcal area. The LSL is very long, reticulated (Figs. 1, 4) and supported by three ribs (Fig. 3) (Larsen & Moestrup 1992; Taylor et al. 1995). A well-developed triangular right sulcal list (RSL) is also present; it is approximately half the length of the LSL (Figs. 1, 4) (Steidinger & Tangen 1996).
The hypotheca, with four large plates, comprises the majority of the cell. The dorsal margin and posterior end are smoothly convex with a slight concavity near the cingulum (Figs. 2, 3). The ventral margins are fairly straight, slanting at an angle of 110-120 degrees to the cingulum (Figs. 2, 3) (Abè 1967; Larsen & Moestrup 1992; Taylor et al. 1995; Steidinger & Tangen 1996).
書目引用
Faust, Maria A. and Rose A. Gulledge. Identifying Harmful Marine Dinoflagellates. Smithsonian Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume 42: 1-144 (including 48 plates, 1 figure and 1 table).
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NMNH Marine Dinoflagellates

Toxicity ( 英語 )

由NMNH Marine Dinoflagellates提供
Dinophysis fortii is a known toxin-producing species (Lee et al. 1989; Yasumoto 1990; Larsen & Moestrup 1992; Taylor et al. 1995; Steidinger & Tangen 1996). It is the most noxious cause of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in Japanese waters. It produces Dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), Dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX2), and okadaic acid (OA) (Lee et al. 1989; Yasumoto 1990), although clones in warmer waters show very low
書目引用
Faust, Maria A. and Rose A. Gulledge. Identifying Harmful Marine Dinoflagellates. Smithsonian Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume 42: 1-144 (including 48 plates, 1 figure and 1 table).
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NMNH Marine Dinoflagellates

Toxicity ( 英語 )

由NMNH Marine Dinoflagellates提供
Dinophysis fortii was the first species found to be associated with DSP; concentrations as low as 200 cells/L can cause human intoxication (Yasumoto et al. 1980).
書目引用
Faust, Maria A. and Rose A. Gulledge. Identifying Harmful Marine Dinoflagellates. Smithsonian Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume 42: 1-144 (including 48 plates, 1 figure and 1 table).
合作夥伴網站
NMNH Marine Dinoflagellates