dcsimg
角齒苔的圖片
Life » » Archaeplastida » » 薹蘚植物門 » » 牛毛蘚科 »

角齒苔

Ceratodon purpureus Bridel 1826

Associations ( 英語 )

由BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK提供
Foodplant / pathogen
solitary or grouped apothecium of Bryoscyphus dicrani infects and damages living plant of Ceratodon purpureus

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / parasite
gregarious perithecium of Bryostoma trichostomi parasitises live shoot of Ceratodon purpureus

Plant / associate
apothecium of Discinella menziesii is associated with gametophyte of Ceratodon purpureus

Plant / grows among
solitary or grouped, sessile apothecium of Neottiella hetieri grows among gametophyte of Ceratodon purpureus

Plant / grows among
solitary or gregarious apothecium of Octospora coccinea grows among gametophyte of Ceratodon purpureus

Plant / grows among
apothecium of Octospora melina grows among gametophyte of Ceratodon purpureus

Plant / grows among
apothecium of Octospora rubens grows among gametophyte of Ceratodon purpureus

Plant / grows among
apothecium of Octospora rustica grows among gametophyte of Ceratodon purpureus

Plant / associate
basidiome of Tulostoma melanocyclum is associated with Ceratodon purpureus

許可
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
版權
BioImages
專題
BioImages
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK

Brief Summary ( 荷蘭、佛萊明語 )

由Ecomare提供
Er zijn een paar mossen die vooral in kalkrijke duinvalleien groeien, zoals tenger goudmos en sterrengoudmos.
許可
cc-by-nc
版權
Copyright Ecomare
提供者
Ecomare
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Ecomare

Brief Summary ( 英語 )

由Ecomare提供
There are a few species of moss found particularly in calcium-rich dune slacks, such as fine-leaved marsh feather-moss, yellow starry feather-moss, fertile feather-moss and pointed spear-moss.
許可
cc-by-nc
版權
Copyright Ecomare
提供者
Ecomare
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Ecomare

Description ( 英語 )

由eFloras提供
Plants in open to dense tufts, turfs, or mats, green, dark green, brownish green, light green or yellow-green, usually darker proximally, often tinged reddish brown or purple. Stems (0.2-)1-3(-4) cm. Leaves crowded, erect-patent to contorted or somewhat crisped, rarely straight when dry, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or triangular-lanceolate, 0.35-2.8 mm, margins recurved to near apex or rarely plane, irregularly serrate to uneven or smooth distally, apices acute to short-acuminate or, rarely, obtuse; costa strong, sub-percurrent to excurrent, sometimes as a long, smooth awn, medial laminal cells (6.5-)8-12(-14) µm, cell walls even, usually of medium thickness, often somewhat thicker and rounded at the cell angles. Seta 1-3(-4) cm, various shades of red, orange, or yellow. Capsule oblong to long-cylindric, (1-)2-2.5(-3) mm, smooth to strongly sulcate when dry; free to united at their nodes, finely papillose to spinulose-papillose, dark red and bordered to completely pale and absent borders. Spores (10-)11-14(-17) µm.
許可
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
版權
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
書目引用
Flora of North America Vol. 27: 15, 377, 445, 446, 557 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
來源
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
編輯者
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
專題
eFloras.org
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
eFloras

Description ( 英語 )

由eFloras提供
Plants small to medium-sized, (5–)8–20(–30) mm high, dirty green or yellowish green, in dense tufts. Stems erect, simple or sparsely branched, radiculose at base. Leaves slightly appressed or contorted when dry, erect-patent when moist, lanceolate, 1.0–2.1 mm long, gradually acuminate; margins strongly reflexed or revolute, notched or irregularly serrulate near the apex; costa stout, percurrent to shortly excurrent; upper and median leaf cells quadrate, 7–10 µm wide, slightly thick-walled, smooth; basal leaf cells short-rectangular, 13–20 µm × 7–10 µm, rather thin-walled. Dioicous. Perichaetial leaves strongly convolute-sheathing at base, shortly acuminate at apex. Setae straight, 1.0–2.0 cm long, reddish brown; capsules cylindric, strongly inclined to horizontal, reddish brown, 2–3 times as long as wide, 1.0–2.0 mm × 0.5–0.7 mm, deeply furrowed when dry, somewhat strumose at base; opercula conic-rostrate; annuli differentiated, in 2–3 rows of thick-walled cells; peristome teeth lanceolate, divided nearly to the base, bordered with a hyaline band, finely papillose, basal membrane low. Spores 11–13 µm in diameter, yellowish, smooth or nearly so.
許可
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
版權
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
書目引用
Moss Flora of China Vol. 1: 61 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
來源
Moss Flora of China @ eFloras.org
編輯者
Gao Chien & Marshall R. Crosby
專題
eFloras.org
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
eFloras

Distribution ( 英語 )

由eFloras提供
Distribution: nearly worldwide.
許可
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
版權
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
書目引用
Moss Flora of China Vol. 1: 61 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
來源
Moss Flora of China @ eFloras.org
編輯者
Gao Chien & Marshall R. Crosby
專題
eFloras.org
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
eFloras

Habitat ( 英語 )

由eFloras提供
Habitat: often on soil or on the base of rotten trees in open fields.
許可
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
版權
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
書目引用
Moss Flora of China Vol. 1: 61 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
來源
Moss Flora of China @ eFloras.org
編輯者
Gao Chien & Marshall R. Crosby
專題
eFloras.org
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
eFloras

Synonym ( 英語 )

由eFloras提供
Dicranum purpureum Hedwig, Sp. Musc. Frond., 136, plate 36. 1801; Ceratodon purpurascens (Hedwig) Jennings; C. purpureus var. purpurascens (Hedwig) Bridel; C. purpureus var. xanthopus Sullivant
許可
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
版權
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
書目引用
Flora of North America Vol. 27: 15, 377, 445, 446, 557 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
來源
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
編輯者
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
專題
eFloras.org
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
eFloras

Synonym ( 英語 )

由eFloras提供
Didymodon purpureus (Hedw.) Hook. & Tayl., Musc. Brit. 65. 20. 1818. ? Ceratodon sinensis C. Müll., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s. 3: 104. 1896. Type. China: Shaanxi (Schen-si), Giraldi s.n., July 1894 [holotype B, probably destroyed]. Ceratodon purpureus var. rotundifolius Berggr., Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 13(7): 44. 1875.
許可
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
版權
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
書目引用
Moss Flora of China Vol. 1: 61 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
來源
Moss Flora of China @ eFloras.org
編輯者
Gao Chien & Marshall R. Crosby
專題
eFloras.org
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
eFloras

Broad-scale Impacts of Plant Response to Fire ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
More info for the terms: forest, high-severity fire, lichens, prescribed fire

Following a 1976 high-severity summer fire on heathlands of Brittany, France, fire moss was the most prevalent species in the majority of sites until fall of 1979 when heavy rain and frost caused high mortality [4].  Fire moss populations culminated about 15 years after a high-severity fire in northern Sweden.  After 24 years, populations had declined considerably [31].  At one site in Michigan, fire moss was first observed in 1930, 4 years after a high-severity fire.  By 1940, this moss covered 50 percent of the ground, and by 1950 it had colonized 95 percent.  Other mosses and Cladonia lichens appeared in 1942 and by 1971 had almost replaced fire moss [26].  On a severely burned heathland in Brittany, France, a moss layer dominated by fire moss developed to a maximum in the first year then decreased rapidly and disappeared by the third year.  Forty-three percent of the original fire moss patches were replaced by patches of the moss Polytrichum piliferum [12]. For information on prescribed fire and postfire responses of many plant species, including fire moss, see Hamilton's Research Papers (Hamilton 2006a, Hamilton 2006b) and these Research Project Summaries:
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Ceratodon purpureus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Common Names ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
fire moss
purple horn-toothed moss
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Ceratodon purpureus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Description ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
Fire moss is a native, short moss that forms dense tufts or sometimes cushions [3,28].  The stems are erect, usually about 0.5 inch (1.3 cm) long.  The upper 0.19 inch (0.5 cm) is current year's growth [28]; often slightly branched by forking at the tip of the old growth [8].  The stems sometimes become 2.4 to 3.1 inches (7-8 cm) long in shaded places [14].  Leaves are short and hairlike, spreading when moist; somewhat folded or twisted when dry [8,28].
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Ceratodon purpureus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Distribution ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
Fire moss is widespread throughout Canada, where it is known from every province and territory.  In the United States it occurs in every state. It likely occurs in every country throughout the world but is possibly replaced by closely related taxa in tropical latitudes [16].
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Ceratodon purpureus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Fire Ecology ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
More info for the term: fire regime

Fire moss's light wind-carried spores readily colonize burned areas [23]. FIRE REGIMES: Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under "Find FIRE REGIMES".
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Ceratodon purpureus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Habitat characteristics ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
Fire moss is often found on disturbed sites.  It occurs on a wide range of substrates including soil, rock, wood, humus, old roofs, sand, and cracks of sidewalks [8,16,28].  It is most abundant on exposed, compact, mineral, dry, gravelly or sandy soils but tolerates a wide range of soil textures [28].  Sand dunes close to water in Scotland are colonized by fire moss, which grows between the shoots of grasses [26].  Fire moss is typically found associated with other species characteristic of disturbed sites such as fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium) and pearly everlasting (Anaphalis margaritacea) [6].
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Ceratodon purpureus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Habitat: Cover Types ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):

More info for the terms: hardwood, swamp

     1  Jack pine
     5  Balsam fir
    12  Black spruce
    13  Black spruce - tamarack
    14  Northern pin oak
    15  Red pine
    16  Aspen
    18  Paper birch
    19  Gray birch - red maple
    20  White pine - northern red oak - red maple
    21  Eastern white pine
    22  White pine - hemlock
    23  Eastern hemlock
    24  Hemlock - yellow birch
    25  Sugar maple - beech - yellow birch
    26  Sugar maple - basswood
    27  Sugar maple
    28  Black cherry - maple
    30  Red spruce - yellow birch
    31  Red spruce - sugar maple - beech
    32  Red spruce
    33  Red spruce - balsam fir
    34  Red spruce - Fraser fir
    35  Paper birch - red spruce - balsam fir
    37  Northern white-cedar
    38  Tamarack
    39  Black ash - American elm - red maple
    40  Post oak - blackjack oak
    42  Bur oak
    43  Bear oak
    44  Chestnut oak
    45  Pitch pine
    46  Eastern redcedar
    50  Black locust
    51  White pine - chestnut oak
    52  White oak - black oak - northern red oak
    53  White oak
    55  Northern red oak
    57  Yellow-poplar
    58  Yellow-poplar - eastern hemlock
    59  Yellow-poplar - white oak - northern red oak
    60  Beech - sugar maple
    61  River birch - sycamore
    62  Silver maple - American elm
    63  Cottonwood
    64  Sassafras - persimmon
    65  Pin oak - sweetgum
    67  Mohrs ("shin") oak
    68  Mesquite
    69  Sand pine
    70  Longleaf pine
    71  Longleaf pine - scrub oak
    72  Southern scrub oak
    73  Southern redcedar
    75  Shortleaf pine
    76  Shortleaf pine - oak
    78  Virginia pine - oak
    79  Virginia pine
    80  Loblolly pine - shortleaf pine
    81  Loblolly pine
    83  Longleaf pine - slash pine
    84  Slash pine
    85  Slash pine - hardwood
    88  Willow oak - water oak - diamondleaf oak
    89  Live oak
    91  Swamp chestnut oak - cherrybark oak
    92  Sweetgum - willow oak
    93  Sugarberry - American elm - green ash
    94  Sycamore - sweetgum - American elm
    95  Black willow
    96  Overcup oak - water hickory
    98  Pond pine
   101  Baldcypress
   107  White spruce
   108  Red maple
   109  Hawthorn
   110  Black oak
   201  White spruce
   202  White spruce - paper birch
   203  Balsam poplar
   204  Black spruce
   205  Mountain hemlock
   206  Engelmann spruce - subalpine fir
   207  Red fir
   208  Whitebark pine
   209  Bristlecone pine
   210  Interior Douglas-fir
   211  White fir
   212  Western larch
   213  Grand fir
   215  Western white pine
   216  Blue spruce
   217  Aspen
   218  Lodgepole pine
   219  Limber pine
   220  Rocky Mountain juniper
   221  Red alder
   222  Black cottonwood - willow
   223  Sitka spruce
   224  Western hemlock
   225  Western hemlock - Sitka spruce
   226  Coastal true fir - hemlock
   227  Western redcedar - western hemlock
   228  Western redcedar
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Ceratodon purpureus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Habitat: Ecosystem ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):

More info for the term: shrub

   FRES10  White - red - jack pine
   FRES11  Spruce - fir
   FRES12  Longleaf - slash pine
   FRES13  Loblolly - shortleaf pine
   FRES14  Oak - pine
   FRES15  Oak - hickory
   FRES16  Oak - gum - cypress
   FRES17  Elm - ash - cottonwood
   FRES18  Maple - beech - birch
   FRES19  Aspen - birch
   FRES20  Douglas-fir
   FRES21  Ponderosa pine
   FRES22  Western white pine
   FRES23  Fir - spruce
   FRES24  Hemlock - Sitka spruce
   FRES25  Larch
   FRES26  Lodgepole pine
   FRES27  Redwood
   FRES28  Western hardwoods
   FRES29  Sagebrush
   FRES30  Desert shrub
   FRES31  Shinnery
   FRES32  Texas savanna
   FRES33  Southwestern shrubsteppe
   FRES34  Chaparral - mountain shrub
   FRES35  Pinyon - juniper
   FRES36  Mountain grasslands
   FRES37  Mountain meadows
   FRES38  Plains grasslands
   FRES39  Prairie
   FRES40  Desert grasslands
   FRES41  Wet grasslands
   FRES42  Annual grasslands
   FRES44  Alpine
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Ceratodon purpureus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Habitat: Plant Associations ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):

More info for the terms: bog, cactus, forest, shrub, woodland

   K001  Spruce - cedar - hemlock forest
   K002  Cedar - hemlock - Douglas-fir forest
   K003  Silver fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K004  Fir - hemlock forest
   K005  Mixed conifer forest
   K006  Redwood forest
   K007  Red fir forest
   K008  Lodgepole pine - subalpine forest
   K009  Pine - cypress forest
   K010  Ponderosa shrub forest
   K011  Western ponderosa forest
   K012  Douglas-fir forest
   K013  Cedar - hemlock - pine forest
   K014  Grand fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K015  Western spruce - fir forest
   K016  Eastern ponderosa forest
   K017  Black Hills pine forest
   K018  Pine - Douglas-fir forest
   K019  Arizona pine forest
   K020  Spruce - fir - Douglas-fir forest
   K021  Southwestern spruce - fir forest
   K022  Great Basin pine forest
   K023  Juniper - pinyon woodland
   K024  Juniper steppe woodland
   K025  Alder - ash forest
   K026  Oregon oakwoods
   K027  Mesquite bosque
   K028  Mosaic of K002 and K026
   K029  California mixed evergreen forest
   K030  California oakwoods
   K031  Oak - juniper woodlands
   K032  Transition between K031 and K037
   K033  Chaparral
   K034  Montane chaparral
   K036  Mosaic of K030 and K035
   K037  Mountain-mahogany - oak scrub
   K038  Great Basin sagebrush
   K039  Blackbrush
   K040  Saltbush - greasewood
   K041  Creosotebush
   K042  Creosotebush - bursage
   K043  Paloverde - cactus shrub
   K044  Creosotebush - tarbush
   K045  Ceniza shrub
   K046  Desert: vegetation largely lacking
   K047  Fescue - oatgrass
   K048  California steppe
   K049  Tule marshes
   K050  Fescue - wheatgrass
   K051  Wheatgrass - bluegrass
   K052  Alpine meadows and barren
   K053  Grama - galleta steppe
   K054  Grama - tobosa prairie
   K055  Sagebrush steppe
   K056  Wheatgrass - needlegrass shrubsteppe
   K057  Galleta - three-awn shrubsteppe
   K058  Grama - tobosa shrubsteppe
   K059  Trans-Pecos shrub savanna
   K060  Mesquite savanna
   K061  Mesquite - acacia savanna
   K062  Mesquite - live oak savanna
   K063  Foothills prairie
   K064  Grama - needlegrass - wheatgrass
   K065  Grama - buffalograss
   K066  Wheatgrass - needlegrass
   K067  Wheatgrass - bluestem - needlegrass
   K068  Wheatgrass - grama - buffalograss
   K069  Bluestem - grama prairie
   K070  Sandsage - bluestem prairie
   K071  Shinnery
   K072  Sea oats prairie
   K073  Northern cordgrass prairie
   K074  Bluestem prairie
   K075  Nebraska Sandhills prairie
   K076  Blackland prairie
   K077  Bluestem - sacahuista prairie
   K078  Southern cordgrass prairie
   K079  Palmetto prairie
   K080  Marl - everglades
   K081  Oak savanna
   K082  Mosaic of K074 and K100
   K083  Cedar glades
   K084  Cross Timbers
   K085  Mesquite - buffalograss
   K086  Juniper - oak savanna
   K087  Mesquite - oak savanna
   K088  Fayette prairie
   K089  Black Belt
   K090  Live oak - sea oats
   K091  Cypress savanna
   K092  Everglades
   K093  Great Lakes spruce - fir forest
   K094  Conifer bog
   K095  Great Lakes pine forest
   K096  Northeastern spruce - fir forest
   K097  Southeastern spruce - fir forest
   K098  Northern floodplain forest
   K099  Maple - basswood forest
   K100  Oak - hickory forest
   K101  Elm - ash forest
   K102  Beech - maple forest
   K103  Mixed mesophytic forest
   K104  Appalachian oak forest
   K105  Mangrove
   K106  Northern hardwoods
   K107  Northern hardwoods - fir forest
   K108  Northern hardwoods - spruce forest
   K109  Transition between K104 and K106
   K110  Northeastern oak - pine forest
   K111  Oak - hickory - pine forest
   K112  Southern mixed forest
   K113  Southern floodplain forest
   K114  Pocosin
   K115  Sand pine scrub
   K116  Subtropical pine forest
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Ceratodon purpureus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Immediate Effect of Fire ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
Fire moss is typically killed by fire [7].
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Ceratodon purpureus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Life Form ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
More info for the term: bryophyte

Bryophyte
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Ceratodon purpureus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Management considerations ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
Fire moss is able to tolerate much higher pollution levels than other
mosses [26].  It is common in urban and industrial environments
subjected to a variety of pollutants, along highways, and on the
tailings and refuse associated with both coal and heavy-metal mining
activities.  Fire moss is common in the vicinity of a zinc smelter in
Palmerton, Pennsylvania.  However, populations growing on mine tailings
or in other habitats contaminated by heavy metals often lack sporophytes
in spite of vigorous gametophytic growth [30].

Fire moss contains photoprotective pigments, which are a useful
adaptation for the bright Antarctic environment.  Leaf pigment varies
from green to ginger [24].

The abundance of fire moss after disturbance promotes a large
accumulation of organic matter, which favors the development of
invertebrate fauna [4].

Fire moss is eaten by some grasshopper species in the genus Tetrix [26].
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Ceratodon purpureus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Occurrence in North America ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
     AL  AK  AZ  AR  CA  CO  CT  DE  FL  GA
     HI  ID  IL  IN  IA  KS  KY  LA  ME  MD
     MA  MI  MN  MS  MO  MT  NE  NV  NH  NJ
     NM  NY  NC  ND  OH  OK  OR  PA  RI  SC
     SD  TN  TX  UT  VT  VA  WA  WI  WY  AB
     BC  MB  NB  NF  NT  NS  ON  PE  PQ  SK
     YT  MEXICO
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Ceratodon purpureus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Phenology ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
More info on this topic.

Fire moss sporophytes appear early in the spring, as soon as the snow melts [3].  In March, the setae reach their full height and begin to turn from green to red.  Capsules mature by late spring [8].  By midsummer the capsules often decay, and the setae break from the moss [14].
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Ceratodon purpureus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Plant Response to Fire ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
More info for the term: high-severity fire

Fire moss will colonize burned areas through lightweight, off-site, wind-dispersed spores [2,7].  High-severity fire, which exposes mineral soil, provides ideal conditions for the germination of fire moss spores. Fire moss is often the dominant vegetation for several years following high-severity fire [26].  It produces few spores late in the first postfire year and many in the second [7].  If fire takes place in early spring; gametophores can develop in 4 to 5 months.  If the fire takes place in the fall, colonization is slower [26].
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Ceratodon purpureus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Regeneration Processes ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
More info for the terms: capsule, dioecious

Fire moss is dioecious [30].  The capsules are held horizontally on the end of a long seta (fruit stalk) [28].  Fire moss generally fruits abundantly [8].  Wind is the main method of spore dispersal [23]. Spore germination in fire moss is a two-phase process.  Spores first swell then distend [22].  Usually the setae are present in great numbers in the colony; with changes in humidity they twist and untwist.  This movement helps to jerk the capsules, helping in spore discharge. Possibly the contraction of the grooves in the capsule at maturity also helps to squeeze out the spores [28].  Spores of fire moss have remained viable even after drying for 16 years [26]. Vegetative reproduction:  Fire moss reproduces vegetatively via protonemata (threadlike or platelike growths) [2].
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Ceratodon purpureus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Regional Distribution in the Western United States ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
More info on this topic.

This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):

    1  Northern Pacific Border
    2  Cascade Mountains
    3  Southern Pacific Border
    4  Sierra Mountains
    5  Columbia Plateau
    6  Upper Basin and Range
    7  Lower Basin and Range
    8  Northern Rocky Mountains
    9  Middle Rocky Mountains
   10  Wyoming Basin
   11  Southern Rocky Mountains
   12  Colorado Plateau
   13  Rocky Mountain Piedmont
   14  Great Plains
   15  Black Hills Uplift
   16  Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Ceratodon purpureus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Successional Status ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
More info on this topic.

More info for the terms: competition, shrub, succession

Obligate Initial Community Species Fire moss prefers low competition and high light; however, it is somewhat shade tolerant [15,18].  It is a colonizer of disturbed sites and readily invades mineral soil by spores [23].  Fire moss is often replaced by flowering plants in later stages of succession [26].  In the black spruce (Picea mariana)-lichen woodlands of Alaska and Canada, the first stage of revegetation, which lasts from 1 to 20 years, is dominated by pioneer mosses such as fire moss.  Fire moss continues to increase in the early part of the shrub stage but begins to decrease toward the end of this stage [32].
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Ceratodon purpureus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Synonyms ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
Ceratodon dimorphus
Mielichhoferia recurvifolia
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Ceratodon purpureus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Taxonomy ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
The currently accepted scientific name for fire moss is Ceratodon
purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. [16]. According to Zander [33], 3 subspecies
and 36 varieties have been described worldwide, but names were not
mentioned in this source.
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Ceratodon purpureus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Value for rehabilitation of disturbed sites ( 英語 )

由Fire Effects Information System Plants提供
More info for the term: codominant

The rapid colonization of fire moss after disturbance can help prevent soil erosion [29].  In revegetation trials on disturbed riverbank sites in Quebec, Canada, fire moss was codominant with Canada bluegrass (Poa compressa) [21].
書目引用
Tesky, Julie L. 1992. Ceratodon purpureus. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fire Effects Information System Plants

Comprehensive Description ( 英語 )

由North American Flora提供
Ceratodon purpureus (L.) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1: 480. 1826
Mnium purpureum L. Sp. PI. 1111. 1753.
Dicranum purpurascens Hedw. Sp. Muse. 137. 1801.
Didymodon purpurascens Hook. & Tayl. Muse. Brit. 65. 1818.
Ceratodon purpureus aristatus Aust. Musci App. 22. 1870.
Ceratodon purpureus xanlhopus Sull. & Lesq. (Musci Bor. Am. 29; hyponym. 1865); S. Wats. Hot.
Calif. 2:365. 1880. Ceratodon helerophyllus Kindb. Ottawa Nat. 5: 179. 1892. Ceratodon Columbiae Kindb. Rev. Bryol. 23: 20. 1896. Plants perennial, very variable in size and habit; stems usually cespitose, short and crowded, rarely taller, lax and branching, with slender, subapical, dichotomous or fastigiate innovations: leaves incurv-ed and twisted when dry, 1-1.5 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate or subulate, entire, or serrulate at the apex; margins revolute; costa thick, ending in the apex or excurrent; cells small, rounded or square, the lower ones slightly longer, the alar oblong and slightly decurrent; perichaetium erect, sheathing, its leaves longer, paler, mucronate or often blunt or retuse at the apex. Dioicous: antheridia terminal on more slender plants: seta usually purple, or in certain forms pale-yellow or red, glossy, 1-4 cm. long, erect and twisted: calyptra cucullate: capsule erect, becoming horizontal, sulcate, and usually dark-colored when mature, 1-2 mm., rarely 3 mm. long, glossy and curved when dry; neck abrupt, strumose; lid short, conic or beaked; annulus of 2-4 rows of cells; peristome exserted on a short basal membrane, paleor dark-red; teeth bifid, closely jointed, dark-brown and trabeculate at the base, paler and papillose above, and incurved when dry, bordered by the paler inner lamellae, thickened and more or less united at the lower joints: spores 10-16 m in diameter, maturing from April to September.
Type uoc.lity: Europe.
Distribution: Cosmopolitan. A common and variable species found in many different habitats from sea level to alpine stations and from the tropics to Arctic America, including Alaska and Greenland. Over fifty synonyms and many forms have been recorded, which the most critical Euroi>ean bryologists are disposed to consider only as varieties or subspecies. Comparisons have been carefully made and we find the following atypical North American forms worthy of note:
Plants small; stems short, often julaceous or filiform. (Arctic.)
Leaves erect-appressed, ovate, acute. (Yukon Territory.) f. brevifoUus.
Leaves incurved-appressed, ovate or lancolate, blunt or acuminate. (Agattu and
St. Paul Islands, Behring Sea.) f. heterophyllus.
Plants taller, often paler; seta yellow; leaves acute or acuminate. (Xerophytic.)
Costa excurrent. (Maine to New Jersey.) f. aristaius.
Costa percurrent ; lid sometimes beaked. (Georgia to Missoiui, Montana to New
Mexico, Washington to California.) f. xanthopus.
書目引用
Albert LeRoy Andrews, Elizabeth Gertrude Britton, Julia Titus Emerson. 1961. SPHAGNALES-BRYALES; SPHAGNACEAE; ANDREAEACEAE, ARCHIDIACEAE, BRUCHIACEAE, DITRICHACEAE, BRYOXIPHIACEAE, SELIGERIACEAE. North American flora. vol 15(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
North American Flora

Comprehensive Description ( 英語 )

由Smithsonian Contributions to Botany提供
Ceratodon purpureus

Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid., Bryol. Univ. 1:480, 1826.

Dicranum purpureum Hedw., Sp. Musc. 136, 1801. [Original material: Europe.]

Plants with erect stems 0.5–2.0 cm high. Leaves sharply curved when dry, erect-spreading when moist, ovate-lanceolate, 0.8–1.5 mm long, 0.4–0.5 mm wide; margins narrowly but distinctly recurved, distally usually slightly serrate; costa stout, percurrent or slightly excurrent; lamina cells quadrate, smooth, 6–9 μm in diameter. Dioicous. Sporophyte usually reddish to purple. Setae 1.0–2.5 cm long. Capsule nearly horizontal, curved at maturity, slightly strumose, 2.0–2.5 mm long. Spores 10–15 μm.

MAS A TIERRA: Plazoleta del Yunque, 200 m, K. 333/7a (B).

The species is one of the most common in the world, occurring on every continent. Sterile material is often confused with members of the Pottiaceae, but smooth leaf cells and slight serrations near the apex of the leaf are helpful distinctions.
書目引用
Robinson, Harold E. 1975. "The mosses of Juan Fernandez Islands." Smithsonian Contributions to Botany. 1-88. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.27
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Smithsonian Contributions to Botany

Rohozub nachový ( 捷克語 )

由wikipedia CZ提供

Rohozub nachový (Ceratodon purpureus) je druh mechu řadící se k čeledi útlovláskovitých.

Patří mezi plevelné mechy rozšířené hlavně u lidských sídlišť, na narušených lokalitách ale i na spálené půdě.

Popis

Rohozub nachový je hojně rozšířený, plevelný, krátký mech tvořící husté chomáčky nebo polštářky. Lodyžka je vzpřímená, dlouhá až 3 cm. Vidličnatě se větví.

Štět vybíhající z lodyžky je zelený. Začátkem jara dosáhne maximální výšky a barva se změní ze zelené na červenou. Výjimečně se může zbarvit do oranžova. Válcovitá tobolka je přímá až horizontální s podélnou brázdou a náznakem volátka na krku.

 src=
Ceratodon purpureus

Výskyt

Tento druh je kosmopolitně rozšířen. Vyskytuje se na všech typech substrátů – štěrkové i písčité půdy, dřevo, skály, ale i na starých střechách a v prasklinách chodníků. Toleruje širokou škálu pH i mnohem vyšší úroveň znečištění než jiné mechy.

Najdeme ho i na narušených lokalitách, kde jeho hojnost přispívá k nahromadění organických látek v půdě a tím i k vývinu a rozvoji bezobratlých živočichů.

Spolu s rohozubem nachovým můžeme na takových místech nalézt i vrbovku úzkolistou (Chamerion angustifolium) a Anaphalis margaritacea.

Rozmnožování

Rozmnožování může probíhat vegetativně nebo výtrusy (sporami). Hlavní metodou rozšiřování spor je vítr. Napomáhají tomu však i změny vlhkosti, které způsobují kroucení a ohýbání štětu s tobolkou což vede k lepšímu roznesení výtrusů.

Klíčení spor je dvoufázový proces. Nejprve spory nabobtnají a posléze se roztáhnou a vyklíčí. Pokud jsou výtrusy rohozubu udržovány v suchu, zůstanou životaschopné i po několik (až šestnáct) let.

V polovině léta se štět s tobolkou rozpadá a láme.

Odkazy

Literatura

  • Čihař, Jiří a kol.: Příroda v ČSSR. Praha 1978

Související články

Externí odkazy

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedia autoři a editory
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia CZ

Rohozub nachový: Brief Summary ( 捷克語 )

由wikipedia CZ提供

Rohozub nachový (Ceratodon purpureus) je druh mechu řadící se k čeledi útlovláskovitých.

Patří mezi plevelné mechy rozšířené hlavně u lidských sídlišť, na narušených lokalitách ale i na spálené půdě.

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedia autoři a editory
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia CZ

Rød horntand ( 丹麥語 )

由wikipedia DA提供

Rød horntand (Ceratodon purpureus) er et meget almindeligt mos, der vokser som pionerplante på åben, sandet jord i Danmark. Mosset er især iøjnefaldende om foråret med dets purpurrøde setae og sporehuse. Navnet Horntand hentyder til sporehusets peristomtænder, som er dybt kløvede og derfor hver især kan minde om et par horn.

Rød horntand har 1-2 cm oprette skud med lancetformede, jævnt tilspidsede, 1-2 mm lange blade, der har en kraftig ribbe og tilbagerullet rand. De rødbrune, cylindriske, som ældre furede sporehuse er meget almindelige om foråret. Sporerne er kendt for at kunne spire efter helt op til 16 års udtørring.[1]

Rød horntand er udbredt over store dele af verden, i Europa nord til Svalbard. Arten er i øvrigt rapporteret fra Makaronesien, sydvestlige Asien, Himalaya, nordøstlige Kina, Japan, Korea, Nordamerika og Grønland.


Noter

  1. ^ Richardson, D. H. 1981. The biology of mosses. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.

Litteratur

  • Andersen, A.G. et al. Den danske mosflora. I. Bladmosser, 1976, Gyldendal, ISBN 87-01-30371-6.
  • Christiansen, M. Skytte. Flora i farver 2. Sporeplanter, 1978, Politikens Forlag, ISBN 87-567-2967-7.
  • Smith, A. J. E. The Moss Flora of Britain and Ireland, 2004, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-54672-0.

Eksterne henvisninger

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedia-forfattere og redaktører
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia DA

Rød horntand: Brief Summary ( 丹麥語 )

由wikipedia DA提供

Rød horntand (Ceratodon purpureus) er et meget almindeligt mos, der vokser som pionerplante på åben, sandet jord i Danmark. Mosset er især iøjnefaldende om foråret med dets purpurrøde setae og sporehuse. Navnet Horntand hentyder til sporehusets peristomtænder, som er dybt kløvede og derfor hver især kan minde om et par horn.

Rød horntand har 1-2 cm oprette skud med lancetformede, jævnt tilspidsede, 1-2 mm lange blade, der har en kraftig ribbe og tilbagerullet rand. De rødbrune, cylindriske, som ældre furede sporehuse er meget almindelige om foråret. Sporerne er kendt for at kunne spire efter helt op til 16 års udtørring.

Rød horntand er udbredt over store dele af verden, i Europa nord til Svalbard. Arten er i øvrigt rapporteret fra Makaronesien, sydvestlige Asien, Himalaya, nordøstlige Kina, Japan, Korea, Nordamerika og Grønland.


 src=

Setae

 src=

Blade (Foto: Kristian Peters)

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedia-forfattere og redaktører
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia DA

Purpurstieliges Hornzahnmoos ( 德語 )

由wikipedia DE提供

Das Purpurstielige Hornzahnmoos (Ceratodon purpureus) auch Purpurmoos, Purpurstielzchen ist eine Art aus der Gattung der Hornzahnmoose (Ceratodon). Der Name der Gattung ist abgeleitet von griechisch keratos/keras „Horn“ und odon „Zahn“ und bezieht sich auf die trocken hakig eingekrümmten Peristomzähne. Der Artname bezieht sich auf die Farbe der Seta.

Varietäten

Neben dem Typ existieren als Varietät:

  • Ceratodon purpureus var. rotundifolius: mit rundlichen Laubblättern.
  • Ceratodon purpureus var. obtusifolius: mit stumpfen Laubblättern.

Beschreibung

Das Purpurstielige Hornzahnmoos erreicht eine Wuchshöhe von bis zu 7,5 mm, es wächst pro Jahr etwa 2,8 mm, an sehr schattigen Plätzen kann das Moos auch selten bis zu 4,5 cm hoch wachsen. Der Stängel ist aufrecht und oft verzweigt. Die Laubblätter sind breit und lanzettförmig, sie rollen sich bei Trockenheit zusammen. Die glatten bis schwach papillösen Laminazellen sind ziemlich gleichförmig, abgerundet-quadratisch, am Blattgrund rechteckig. Die Seta ist anfangs gelblich bis rötlich. Im Alter verfärbt sie sich nach purpurrot, im hohen Alter nach rotbraun. Die Sporenkapsel auf der verlängerten Seta ist kropfig und trocken stark gefurcht, die 16 Peristomzähne tief zweigeteilt, der Deckel kegelförmig, die Kalyptra kappenförmig.

Verbreitung

Die Art ist weltweit verbreitet, in den Tropen jedoch seltener als in den gemäßigten Zonen. In Europa ist es sehr häufig und formenreich. Meist ist es an Ruderalstellen zu finden. Es wächst auf Erde, Holz, Gestein oder Sand und findet sich auch in Innenstädten. Die Art ist toleranter gegen Bodengifte und Umweltverschmutzung als andere Moosarten und findet sich demnach auch auf belasteten Böden, zum Beispiel an Schnellstraßen.

Vermehrung

Das Purpurstielige Hornzahnmoos verfügt wie alle Moose über einen Generationswechsel. Die haploiden Sporen werden durch den Wind aus der Sporenkapsel geblasen und verteilt. Die Sporen keimen in zwei Phasen, erst schwellen sie und dehnen sich dann aus, durch diese Bewegung wird die Kapsel zerrissen und das Moos kann keimen. Aus dem zunächst entstehenden Protonema entwickelt sich das Moospflänzchen. Nach der Befruchtung entwickelt sich der diploide Sporophyt, in dem durch Meiose wieder die haploiden Sporen entstehen. Die Sporen sind auch nach 16 Jahren trockener Lagerung noch keimfähig.

Insekten

Das Moos wird vor allem von Dornschrecken der Gattung Tetrix gefressen.

Bildergalerie

Weblinks

 src=
– Album mit Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
 title=
許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia DE

Purpurstieliges Hornzahnmoos: Brief Summary ( 德語 )

由wikipedia DE提供

Das Purpurstielige Hornzahnmoos (Ceratodon purpureus) auch Purpurmoos, Purpurstielzchen ist eine Art aus der Gattung der Hornzahnmoose (Ceratodon). Der Name der Gattung ist abgeleitet von griechisch keratos/keras „Horn“ und odon „Zahn“ und bezieht sich auf die trocken hakig eingekrümmten Peristomzähne. Der Artname bezieht sich auf die Farbe der Seta.

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia DE

Ceratodon purpureus ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

Ceratodon purpureus is a dioicous moss with a color ranging from yellow-green to red.[1] The height amounts to 3 centimeters. It is found worldwide, mainly in urban areas and next to roads on dry sand soils.[2] It can grow in a very wide variety of habitats, from polluted highway shoulders and mine tailings to areas recently denuded by wildfire to the bright slopes of Antarctica.[3] Its common names include redshank,[4] purple forkmoss,[4] ceratodon moss, fire moss, and purple horn toothed moss.

Description

Fire moss is a native, short moss that forms dense tufts or sometimes cushions.[5][6] The stems are erect, usually about 0.5 inch (1.3 cm) long. The upper 0.19 inch (0.5 cm) is current year's growth;[5] often slightly branched by forking at the tip of the old growth.[7] The stems sometimes become 2.4 to 3.1 inches (7–8 cm) long in shaded places.[8] Leaves are short and hairlike, spreading when moist; somewhat folded or twisted when dry.[5][7]

Fire moss contains photoprotective pigments, which are a useful adaptation for the bright Antarctic environment.[9] Leaf pigment varies from green to ginger.[9]

Distribution and habitat

Fire moss likely occurs in every country throughout the world but is possibly replaced by closely related taxa in tropical latitudes.[10] It is widespread throughout Canada, where it is known from every province and territory.[10] In the United States it occurs in every state.[10]

Fire moss is able to tolerate much higher pollution levels than other mosses.[11] It is common in urban and industrial environments subjected to a variety of pollutants, along highways, and on the tailings and refuse associated with both coal and heavy-metal mining activities.[11]

Fire moss is often found on disturbed sites. It occurs on a wide range of substrates including soil, rock, wood, humus, old roofs, sand, and cracks of sidewalks.[5][7][10] It is most abundant on exposed, compact, mineral, dry, gravelly or sandy soils but tolerates a wide range of soil textures.[5] Sand dunes close to water in Scotland are colonized by fire moss, which grows between the shoots of grasses.[11]

Life cycle

Fire moss is dioecious,[5] reproducing generatively with spores and vegetatively through protonemata. The capsules are held horizontally on the end of a long seta (fruit stalk).[5] Fire moss generally fruits abundantly.[7] Wind is the main method of spore dispersal.[12]

Spore germination in fire moss is a two-phase process. Spores first swell then distend.[13] Usually the setae are present in great numbers in the colony; with changes in humidity they twist and untwist. This movement helps to jerk the capsules, helping in spore discharge. Possibly the contraction of the grooves in the capsule at maturity also helps to squeeze out the spores.[5] Spores of fire moss have remained viable even after drying for 16 years.[11]

Fire moss reproduces vegetatively via protonemata (threadlike or platelike growths).[14]

Fire moss sporophytes appear early in the spring, as soon as the snow melts.[6] In March, the setae reach their full height and begin to turn from green to red. Capsules mature by late spring.[7] By midsummer the capsules often decay, and the setae break from the moss.[8]

Microarthropod-mediated fertilization

A 2012 study has found that male and female fire moss emit different and complex volatile organic scents.[15] Female plants emit more compounds than male plants. Springtails were found to choose female plants preferentially, and the study found that springtails enhance moss fertilization. All together, the results seem to suggest a plant-pollinator relationship analogous to those found in flowering plants.[15]

Ecology

Fire moss prefers low competition and high light; however, it is somewhat shade tolerant,[16][17] and has, for example, been reported to grow in artificially illuminated caves.[18][19] It is a colonizer of disturbed sites and readily invades mineral soil by spores.[12] Fire moss is typically found associated with other species characteristic of disturbed sites such as fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium) and pearly everlasting (Anaphalis margaritacea).[20] Fire moss is often replaced by flowering plants in later stages of succession.[11] In the black spruce (Picea mariana)-lichen woodlands of Alaska and Canada, the first stage of revegetation, which lasts from 1 to 20 years, is dominated by pioneer mosses such as fire moss. Fire moss continues to increase in the early part of the shrub stage but begins to decrease toward the end of this stage.[21]

Fire moss will colonize burned areas through lightweight, off-site, wind-dispersed spores.[14][22] High-severity fire, which exposes mineral soil, provides ideal conditions for the germination of fire moss spores. Fire moss is often the dominant vegetation for several years following high-severity fire.[11] It produces few spores late in the first postfire year and many in the second.[22] If fire takes place in early spring; gametophores can develop in 4 to 5 months. If the fire takes place in the fall, colonization is slower.[11]

References

This article incorporates text from the following source, which (as a U.S. government work) is in the public domain: Tesky, Julie L. 1992. "Ceratodon purpureus". Fire Effects Information System. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.

  1. ^ Flora of North America
  2. ^ Species Profile Archived May 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ US Forest Service Fire Ecology
  4. ^ a b Edwards, Sean R. (2012). English Names for British Bryophytes. British Bryological Society Special Volume. Vol. 5 (4 ed.). Wootton, Northampton: British Bryological Society. ISBN 978-0-9561310-2-7. ISSN 0268-8034.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Shaw, J.; Jules, E. S.; Beer, S. C. 1991. Effects of metals on growth, morphology, and reproduction of Ceratodon purpureus. Bryologist. 94(3): 270-277.
  6. ^ a b Bland, John H. 1971. Forests of Lilliput. The realm of mosses and lichens. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
  7. ^ a b c d e Dunham, Elizabeth Marie. 1951. How to know the mosses: a popular guide to the mosses of the United States. Boston, MA: The Mosher Press.
  8. ^ a b Grout, A. J. 1932. Moss flora of North America, north of Mexico. Vol. 3. Part 3. New York: The author.
  9. ^ a b Post, A. 1990. Photoprotective pigment as an adaptive strategy in the Antarctic moss Ceratodon purpureus. Polar Biology. 10(4): 241-246.
  10. ^ a b c d Ireland, R. R. 1982. Moss flora of the Maritime Provinces. Publications in Botany No. 13. [Ottawa, ON]: National Museum of Natural Sciences.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g Richardson, D. H. 1981. The biology of mosses. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
  12. ^ a b Perez, Francisco L. 1991. Ecology and morphology of globular mosses of Grimmia longirostris in the Paramo de Piedras Blancas, Venezuelan Andes. Arctic and Alpine Research. 23(2): 133-148.
  13. ^ Olesen, Peter; Mogensen, Gert Steen. 1978. Ultrastructure, histochemistry and notes on germination stages of spores in selected mosses. The Bryologist. 81(4): 493-516.
  14. ^ a b Auclair, A. N. D. 1983. The role of fire in lichen-dominated tundra and forest-tundra. In: Wein, Ross W.; MacLean, David A., eds. The role of fire in northern circumpolar ecosystems. Scope 18. New York: John Wiley & Sons: 235-256.
  15. ^ a b Rosenstiel, T. N.; Shortlidge, E. E.; Melnychenko, A. N.; Pankow, J. F.; Eppley, S. M. (2012). "Sex-specific volatile compounds influence microarthropod-mediated fertilization of moss". Nature. 489 (7416): 431–433. doi:10.1038/nature11330. PMID 22810584.
  16. ^ Hall, Christine N.; Kuss, Fred R. 1989. Vegetation alteration along trails in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Biological Conservation. 48: 211-227.
  17. ^ Klinka, K.; Krajina, V. J.; Ceska, A.; Scagel, A. M. 1989. Indicator plants of coastal British Columbia. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press.
  18. ^ Thatcher, Edward P. (1947). "Observations on Bryophytes Living in an Artificially Illuminated Limestone Cave". The American Midland Naturalist. 37 (3): 797–800. doi:10.2307/2421476.
  19. ^ Thatcher, Edward P. (1949). "Bryophytes of an Artificially Illuminated Cave". The Bryologist. 52 (4): 212–214. doi:10.2307/3239480.
  20. ^ Cormack, R. G. H. 1953. A survey of coniferous forest succession in the eastern Rockies. Forestry Chronicle. 29: 218-232.
  21. ^ Viereck, L. A.; Dyrness, C. T. 1979. Ecological effects of the Wickersham Dome Fire near Fairbanks, Alaska. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-90. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station.
  22. ^ a b Crane, M. F.; Habeck, James R.; Fischer, William C. 1983. Early postfire revegetation in a western Montana Douglas-fir forest. Res. Pap. INT-319. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station.

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedia authors and editors
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia EN

Ceratodon purpureus: Brief Summary ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

Ceratodon purpureus is a dioicous moss with a color ranging from yellow-green to red. The height amounts to 3 centimeters. It is found worldwide, mainly in urban areas and next to roads on dry sand soils. It can grow in a very wide variety of habitats, from polluted highway shoulders and mine tailings to areas recently denuded by wildfire to the bright slopes of Antarctica. Its common names include redshank, purple forkmoss, ceratodon moss, fire moss, and purple horn toothed moss.

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedia authors and editors
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia EN

Kulosammal ( 芬蘭語 )

由wikipedia FI提供

Kulosammal eli metsäkulosammal[2] (Ceratodon purpureus) on melko yleinen lehtisammallaji. Sen versot kasvavat pystyssä, mutta jäävät mataliksi (0,5–1,5 cm). Lehdet ovat pienet ja suippokärkiset. Kulosammalessa on usein itiöpesäkkeitä, jotka ovat raakoina vihreitä, mutta kypsyessään muuttuvat punaruskeiksi.[3]

Kulosammalta kasvaa avoimilla paikoilla kuten metsäpalojen jättämillä aukeilla[4] ja tienvarsilla.

Lähteet

  1. Ulvinen, Tauno & Syrjänen, Kimmo & Anttila, Susanna: Suomen sammalet - levinneisyys, ekologia, uhanalaisuus. Suomen ympäristökeskus, 2002. ISBN 952-11-1290-5.
  2. Ulvinen, Tauno ja Syrjänen, Kimmo: Suomen sammalten levinneisyys eliömaakunnissa. Suomen ympäristökeskus, 2009. ISBN 978-952-11-3247-6.
  3. Valokki
  4. Kasvisukkessio huhtakasialueilla Kolin kansallispuistossa

Aiheesta muualla

Tämä kasveihin liittyvä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa laajentamalla artikkelia.
許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedian tekijät ja toimittajat
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia FI

Kulosammal: Brief Summary ( 芬蘭語 )

由wikipedia FI提供

Kulosammal eli metsäkulosammal (Ceratodon purpureus) on melko yleinen lehtisammallaji. Sen versot kasvavat pystyssä, mutta jäävät mataliksi (0,5–1,5 cm). Lehdet ovat pienet ja suippokärkiset. Kulosammalessa on usein itiöpesäkkeitä, jotka ovat raakoina vihreitä, mutta kypsyessään muuttuvat punaruskeiksi.

Kulosammalta kasvaa avoimilla paikoilla kuten metsäpalojen jättämillä aukeilla ja tienvarsilla.

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedian tekijät ja toimittajat
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia FI

Ceratodon purpureus ( 法語 )

由wikipedia FR提供

Ceratodon purpureus est une espèce de mousses de la famille des Dicranaceae.

Caractéristiques

Ceratodon purpureus est haute d'environ trois centimètres, de couleur allant du jaune-vert au rouge. Ses petites feuilles sont poilues.

Répartition

Ceratodon purpureus est présent partout dans le monde jusque dans les zones urbaines, sur des sols sablonneux secs. Elle est connue notamment pour coloniser les milieux perturbés par le feu, d'où son nom commun fire moss ou « mousse de feu »[1].

Reproduction

Ceratodon purpureus se reproduit par spores et par multiplication végétative grâce à des protonemata. Le sporange se situe à l'extrémité d'un long sporophyte et produit des spores qui ont un pouvoir de germination pouvant aller jusqu'à seize ans. C'est une espèce colonisatrice démontrant un effort de reproduction sexuelle et végétative élevé[2].

Notes et références

  • (en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé .
  1. Kenji Narita, Koichiro Harada, Kazuyuki Saito et Yuki Sawada, « Vegetation and Permafrost Thaw Depth 10 Years after a Tundra Fire in 2002, Seward Peninsula, Alaska », Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, vol. 47, no 3,‎ 1er août 2015, p. 547–559 (ISSN , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 29 novembre 2017)
  2. Bates Jeffrey et Farmer Andrew, Bryophytes and lichens in a changing environment, Clarendon Press, 1992 (ISBN 978-0-19-854291-9, OCLC , lire en ligne)

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia FR

Ceratodon purpureus: Brief Summary ( 法語 )

由wikipedia FR提供

Ceratodon purpureus est une espèce de mousses de la famille des Dicranaceae.

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia FR

Paprastoji rausvutė ( 立陶宛語 )

由wikipedia LT提供
Mokslinis pavadinimas Ceratodon purpureus

Paprastoji rausvutė (lot. Ceratodon purpureus, angl. Redshank, vok. Purpurstieliges Hornzahnmoos) – dvyndantinių (Dicranaceae) šeimos samanų rūšis, priklausanti rausvutės (Ceratodon) genčiai.

Tai vienintelė Lietuvoje auganti rūšis. Lengvai atpažįstama pagal išilgai vagotą sporinę ir raudoną sporogono kotelį, kurie visam plotui suteikia gražiai raudoną atspalvį.

Stiebas 2-3 cm, paprastas, negausiai dvišakiai arba krūmiškai šakotas, ties pagrindu apaugęs rizoidais. Lapai lancetiški, nusmailėję. Sporogono kotelis 1-3,5 cm ilgio, purpuriškai raudonas. Sporinė palinkusi, pailgai ovalinė.

Auga nederlinguose dirvožemiuose, gaisravietėse, ant mūrų, akmenų, stogų ir panašių substratų tankiomis nešvariai žaliomis arba rausvomis vejomis.

Sinonimai:
  • Ceratodon dimorphus
  • Mielichhoferia recurvifolia.

Vikiteka

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Vikipedijos autoriai ir redaktoriai
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia LT

Paprastoji rausvutė: Brief Summary ( 立陶宛語 )

由wikipedia LT提供

Paprastoji rausvutė (lot. Ceratodon purpureus, angl. Redshank, vok. Purpurstieliges Hornzahnmoos) – dvyndantinių (Dicranaceae) šeimos samanų rūšis, priklausanti rausvutės (Ceratodon) genčiai.

Tai vienintelė Lietuvoje auganti rūšis. Lengvai atpažįstama pagal išilgai vagotą sporinę ir raudoną sporogono kotelį, kurie visam plotui suteikia gražiai raudoną atspalvį.

Stiebas 2-3 cm, paprastas, negausiai dvišakiai arba krūmiškai šakotas, ties pagrindu apaugęs rizoidais. Lapai lancetiški, nusmailėję. Sporogono kotelis 1-3,5 cm ilgio, purpuriškai raudonas. Sporinė palinkusi, pailgai ovalinė.

Auga nederlinguose dirvožemiuose, gaisravietėse, ant mūrų, akmenų, stogų ir panašių substratų tankiomis nešvariai žaliomis arba rausvomis vejomis.

Sinonimai: Ceratodon dimorphus Mielichhoferia recurvifolia.

Vikiteka

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Vikipedijos autoriai ir redaktoriai
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia LT

Gewoon purpersteeltje ( 荷蘭、佛萊明語 )

由wikipedia NL提供

Gewoon purpersteeltje (Ceratodon purpureus, basioniem: Dicranum purpureum Hedw.) is een geelgroen tot roodachtig, maximaal 3 cm hoog, tweehuizig pioniersmos. De plant komt voor in de stedelijke omgeving, alsmede langs paden en wegen op droge zandgrond (brandvlakten) alsook ruderaal.

De korte bladeren zijn haarachtig en zijn bij voldoende vocht gespreid. Het mos plant zich generatief voort met sporen. De sporekapsels staan rechtop op een lange vruchtsteel.

De sporen kiemen in twee fasen. Eerst zwellen ze op en daarna verspreiden ze zich. Gewoonlijk komen er veel vruchtstelen voor, die zich bij wisselende vochtigheid draaien en terugdraaien, waardoor de sporen makkelijker verspreid worden. De sporen kunnen meer dan zestien jaar kiemkrachtig blijven.

Externe link

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia NL

Gewoon purpersteeltje: Brief Summary ( 荷蘭、佛萊明語 )

由wikipedia NL提供

Gewoon purpersteeltje (Ceratodon purpureus, basioniem: Dicranum purpureum Hedw.) is een geelgroen tot roodachtig, maximaal 3 cm hoog, tweehuizig pioniersmos. De plant komt voor in de stedelijke omgeving, alsmede langs paden en wegen op droge zandgrond (brandvlakten) alsook ruderaal.

De korte bladeren zijn haarachtig en zijn bij voldoende vocht gespreid. Het mos plant zich generatief voort met sporen. De sporekapsels staan rechtop op een lange vruchtsteel.

De sporen kiemen in twee fasen. Eerst zwellen ze op en daarna verspreiden ze zich. Gewoonlijk komen er veel vruchtstelen voor, die zich bij wisselende vochtigheid draaien en terugdraaien, waardoor de sporen makkelijker verspreid worden. De sporen kunnen meer dan zestien jaar kiemkrachtig blijven.

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia NL

Brännmossa ( 瑞典語 )

由wikipedia SV提供

Brännmossa (Ceratodon purpureus) är en bladmossa som förekommer över hela världen. Den trivs bäst på platser som lätt torkar ut, som stenar och murar eller torrt och gammalt trä. Den hittas också ofta på äldre brandplatser, men är trots sitt namn inte den vanligaste mossan för brandplatser. Den kan också växa vid vägrenar och inne i städer. Mossans färg kan variera från gul-grön till röd. Höjden uppgår till 3 centimeter. Mossans sporer har en grobarhet på upp till 16 år.

Det är en fruktbärande mossa.

Ett bygdemålnamn förekommande i Uppland är guckuråg.[1]

En underart är Ceratodon purpureus var subaculis [2]

Källor

Noter

  1. ^ Ernst Rietz: Svenskt dialektlexikon, sida 363 [1], Gleerups, Lund 1862–1867, faksimilutgåva Malmö 1962
  2. ^ Encyclopedia of Life

Externa länkar

Rödklöver.png Denna växtartikel saknar väsentlig information. Du kan hjälpa till genom att tillföra sådan.
許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedia författare och redaktörer
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia SV

Brännmossa: Brief Summary ( 瑞典語 )

由wikipedia SV提供

Brännmossa (Ceratodon purpureus) är en bladmossa som förekommer över hela världen. Den trivs bäst på platser som lätt torkar ut, som stenar och murar eller torrt och gammalt trä. Den hittas också ofta på äldre brandplatser, men är trots sitt namn inte den vanligaste mossan för brandplatser. Den kan också växa vid vägrenar och inne i städer. Mossans färg kan variera från gul-grön till röd. Höjden uppgår till 3 centimeter. Mossans sporer har en grobarhet på upp till 16 år.

Det är en fruktbärande mossa.

Ett bygdemålnamn förekommande i Uppland är guckuråg.

En underart är Ceratodon purpureus var subaculis

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedia författare och redaktörer
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia SV

Ceratodon purpureus ( 烏克蘭語 )

由wikipedia UK提供

Поширення

Вид поширений по всьому світі, включаючи Антарктиду.[1] У тропічних районах може замінятись близькоспорідненими видами. Росте на твердій, кам'янистій основі. Вид збільшує свій ареал за рахунок забруднення навколишнього середовища. Найчастіше зустрічається у міських районах, поруч із дорогами, на непрацюючих кар'єрах, смітниках.[2]

Опис

Мох утворює щільні пучки або суцільні подушки.[3][4] Стебла прямостоячі, заввишки 3 см[3], іноді можуть виростати до 8 см. Листя коротке і волосоподібне, випрямлене у вологому стані; скручене в сухому стані. Коробочка смугаста, з зобом, суха з борознами, блискуча, на червоній або жовтуватій ніжці. Мох містить фотозахисні пігменти, які є корисними для адаптації до навколишнього середовища Антарктики[5]. Забарвлення листя змінюється від зеленого до імбирного кольору.[6]

Джерела

  • Бойко М. Ф. Мохоподібні степової зони України /ВІдп. ред. О. Є. Ходосовцев — Херcон: Айлант, 2009.- 264.ISBN 978-966-630-001-3.

Примітки

  1. US Forest Service Fire Ecology
  2. Edwards, Sean R. (2012). English Names for British Bryophytes. British Bryological Society Special Volume 5 (вид. 4). Wootton, Northampton: British Bryological Society. ISBN 978-0-9561310-2-7. ISSN 0268-8034.
  3. а б Shaw, J.; Jules, E. S.; Beer, S. C. 1991. Effects of metals on growth, morphology, and reproduction of Ceratodon purpureus. Bryologist. 94(3): 270—277.
  4. Bland, John H. 1971. Forests of Lilliput. The realm of mosses and lichens. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
  5. Dunham, Elizabeth Marie. 1951. How to know the mosses: a popular guide to the mosses of the United States. Boston, MA: The Mosher Press.
  6. Flora of North America


許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Автори та редактори Вікіпедії
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia UK

Ceratodon purpureus ( 越南語 )

由wikipedia VI提供

Ceratodon purpureus là một loài rêu trong họ Ditrichaceae. Loài này được Hedw. Brid. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1826.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Ceratodon purpureus. Truy cập ngày 31 tháng 5 năm 2014.

Liên kết ngoài


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến bộ rêu Dicranales này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.


許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia VI

Ceratodon purpureus: Brief Summary ( 越南語 )

由wikipedia VI提供

Ceratodon purpureus là một loài rêu trong họ Ditrichaceae. Loài này được Hedw. Brid. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1826.

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia VI

角齒蘚 ( 漢語 )

由wikipedia 中文维基百科提供
二名法 Ceratodon purpureus
Hedw. Brid., 1826

角齒蘚学名Ceratodon purpureus)为牛毛蘚科角齒蘚屬下的一个种。

参考文献

扩展阅读

小作品圖示这是一篇與植物相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。
 title=
許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
维基百科作者和编辑
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia 中文维基百科

角齒蘚: Brief Summary ( 漢語 )

由wikipedia 中文维基百科提供

角齒蘚(学名:Ceratodon purpureus)为牛毛蘚科角齒蘚屬下的一个种。

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
维基百科作者和编辑
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia 中文维基百科

ヤノウエノアカゴケ ( 日語 )

由wikipedia 日本語提供
ヤノウエノアカゴケ Ceratodon purpureus.jpeg
ヤノウエノアカゴケ
分類 : 植物界 Plantae : マゴケ植物門 Bryophyta : マゴケ綱 Bryopsida : シッポゴケ目 Dicranales : キンシゴケ科 Ditrichaceae : ヤノウエノアカゴケ属 Ceratodon : ヤノウエノアカゴケ C. purpureus 学名 Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. 和名 ヤノウエノアカゴケ 英名 ceratodon moss
fire moss
purple horn toothed moss

ヤノウエノアカゴケCeratodon purpureus)は、シッポゴケ目キンシゴケ科に分類される蘚類。和名はムラサキヤネゴケともいう[1]

分布[編集]

世界各地に分布する[2][3]カナダアメリカ合衆国ではすべての州で分布が確認されており[3]、日本でも北海道から九州まで広い範囲で見られる[2]

ヤノウエノアカゴケは、砂質の開けた土地や屋根の上[2]、都市部の道端などに広くみられる[4]。その他、高速道路の路肩、山火事によって裸出した土地、南極大陸の開けた斜面など生育地は多岐に及ぶ[5]

形態[編集]

ヤノウエノアカゴケは、砂上などに芝状、あるいはクッション状の群落を形成する[6][7]。植物体の色は黄緑から赤まで変化にとむ[8]

雌雄異株で[9]、雄株は雌株と異なる群落を作る[2]。茎は通常高さ約1cmでわずかに分枝する程度であるが[2]、日陰に生える個体では茎の長さが7-8cmになることもある[10]。葉は披針形で先端に細かい歯があり、長さ0.7-1.2mm[2]。葉には光防御色素を持ち、南極大陸の開けた斜面など、光の強い環境に対して適応するのに役立っている[11]。色素は緑色から赤褐色まで多様である[11]

朔柄は長さ1.0-1.5cmで、赤紫色か黄褐色になる[2]。朔は円筒形で、赤褐色[2]。胞子は直径13-16μm[2]。胞子は主に風によって散布されている[12]

生態[編集]

ヤノウエノアカゴケはある程度の遮光耐性を有しているが、光の多い、競争の少ない土地を好む[13][14]。本種は撹乱の起きた土地にコロニーを形成して、その養分を利用して素早く群落を広げる[12]。撹乱の多いところに生えるため、ヤナギランヤマハハコなど同じような環境に生える植物としばしば群落を作っている[15]遷移が進むと、通常ヤノウエノアカゴケの群落は他の植物に置き換わっていく[16]

本種の胞子は早春、雪解けとほぼ同時期に発芽する[7]。朔は晩春に熟し[17]、夏には胞子が放出されて朔柄が脱落する[10]。胞子は多少の乾燥耐性があり、16日間乾燥させた胞子でも発芽能を有している[16]

分類[編集]

ヤノウエノアカゴケ属には、葉の形態などで区別される Ceratodon heterophyllus などの種が知られている[18]。日本には本種のみが分布している[2]

脚注[編集]

  1. ^ 井上浩『フィールド図鑑 コケ』(1986年、東海大学出版会)p.16
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j 岩月善之助、水谷正美『原色日本蘚苔類図鑑』(1972年、保育社)p.59
  3. ^ a b Ireland, R. R. 1982. Moss flora of the Maritime Provinces. Publications in Botany No. 13. [Ottawa, ON]: National Museum of Natural Sciences.
  4. ^ Species Profile
  5. ^ US Forest Service Fire Ecology
  6. ^ Shaw, J.; Jules, E. S.; Beer, S. C. 1991. Effects of metals on growth, morphology, and reproduction of Ceratodon purpureus. Bryologist. 94(3): 270-277.
  7. ^ a b Bland, John H. 1971. Forests of Lilliput. The realm of mosses and lichens. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
  8. ^ Flora of North America
  9. ^ Shaw, J.; Jules, E. S.; Beer, S. C. 1991. Effects of metals on growth, morphology, and reproduction of Ceratodon purpureus. Bryologist. 94(3): 270-277.
  10. ^ a b Grout, A. J. 1932. Moss flora of North America, north of Mexico. Vol. 3. Part 3. New York: The author.
  11. ^ a b Post, A. 1990. Photoprotective pigment as an adaptive strategy in the Antarctic moss Ceratodon purpureus. Polar Biology. 10(4): 241-246.
  12. ^ a b Perez, Francisco L. 1991. Ecology and morphology of globular mosses of Grimmia longirostris in the Paramo de Piedras Blancas, Venezuelan Andes. Arctic and Alpine Research. 23(2): 133-148.
  13. ^ Hall, Christine N.; Kuss, Fred R. 1989. Vegetation alteration along trails in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Biological Conservation. 48: 211-227.
  14. ^ Klinka, K.; Krajina, V. J.; Ceska, A.; Scagel, A. M. 1989. Indicator plants of coastal British Columbia. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press.
  15. ^ Cormack, R. G. H. 1953. A survey of coniferous forest succession in the eastern Rockies. Forestry Chronicle. 29: 218-232.
  16. ^ a b Richardson, D. H. 1981. The biology of mosses. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
  17. ^ Dunham, Elizabeth Marie. 1951. How to know the mosses: a popular guide to the mosses of the United States. Boston, MA: The Mosher Press.
  18. ^ Robert R. Ireland 1980. The Taxonomic Status of Ceratodon heterophyllus. The Bryologist Vol. 83, No. 2 pp.234-237
 src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、ヤノウエノアカゴケに関連するカテゴリがあります。  src= ウィキスピーシーズにヤノウエノアカゴケに関する情報があります。
 title=
許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia 日本語

ヤノウエノアカゴケ: Brief Summary ( 日語 )

由wikipedia 日本語提供

ヤノウエノアカゴケ(Ceratodon purpureus)は、シッポゴケ目キンシゴケ科に分類される蘚類。和名はムラサキヤネゴケともいう。

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia 日本語