Green anoles feed on a broad range of prey items. They often will attempt to eat anything smaller than their own head. They are classified as insectivores, eating a wide variety of insects, including beetles and flies, as well as spiders, some arthropods. At times, they also will eat mollusks, grain, and seeds. The importance of a particular prey or food item largely reflects its availability. If an item is abundant within the territory, green anoles are likely to feed on it more frequently.
Green anoles have several methods of capturing prey. Over 58% of the prey is captured by perching and watching or anticipating prey until they are within striking distance. This is considered to be the most effective means of capturing prey. This behavior is predominant during breeding, to conserve energy for mating. Another method of prey capture is used while the anole is protecting and patrolling their territory. In this case, they leap forward to ensure a capture, but use a slower motion. Another common method of prey capture is the ambush, usually used in capturing larger prey items.
Animal Foods: insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods; mollusks
Plant Foods: seeds, grains, and nuts
Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore )
Green anoles are preyed upon by a relatively large assortment of predators. Their main predators are snakes and birds, but they also are preyed on by larger reptiles. Brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) are particularly common snake predators. This species has eliminated green anoles from portions of Guam. Examples of birds that regularly prey on green anoles are American kestrels (Falco sparverius), pearly-eyed thrashers (Margarops fuscaturs), and lizard cuckoos (Saurothera vieilloti). A larger reptile that preys on green anoles is the curly tailed lizard (Leiocephalus carinatus). Other common predators, particularly in suburban areas, are cats, dogs, and frogs.
To avoid predators, green anoles hide in trees, tall grasses, and other vegetation. They also have developed a structure similar to a patagium that enables them to glide down from tall trees. In addition, green anoles have the ability to walk vertically on surfaces such as trees, walls, and fences using adhesive pads on the bottom of their feet. These provide a means of escape that the majority of their predators do not have.
Green anoles also utilize caudal autotomy and use their dropped tails to distract predators while they escape.
Known Predators:
Anolis carolinensis varies in length from 4 to 8 cm. Females typically are smaller in all body size measures, at birth ranging from about 23 to 25 mm long. Both males and females have long tails that account for more than half of their total body lengths. Adult anoles weigh between 2 and 6 g.
Scale colors in green anoles vary. In most cases, these lizards range from shades of brown to green or gray. At times their coloring represents combinations of these colors. Color variation results from layers of pigmented cells called chromatophores. Three types of pigment cells are present: xanthophores, cyanophores, and melanophores, each responsible for different color variations. Green anoles are capable of changing scale color in response to their external environment. Many factors affect color change and variation; most often it is dependent upon temperature and excitation, such as increased activity or competition. Darker brown and black colors, produced by melanophores, typically signal cold or stressed conditions.
Within a population, two different size classes or morphs of adult males may be present: heavyweights and lightweights. These morphs differ in many ways, including bite force, body mass and length, competition, and vertical jump. The heavyweight morph is larger and more dominant. Some authors consider these morphs to be different developmental stages or different age classes among sexually mature males.
Physical differences also are common between males and females. Females often have a line that runs along their dorsal surface, from their neck down to their back, ending before their tail begins. Most males have dewlaps that extend from the ventral side (underneath) of their neck. Dewlaps are rarely seen in females. The dewlap is commonly pinkish in color and thought to be used by males to increase visibility as they court females. Displaying the dewlap may also represent a competitive status between males; in these cases, dewlap displays are usually related to territory boundary disputes. Subspecies Anolis carolinensis seminolus, abundant in southwest Florida, is physically very similar to A. carolinensis carolinensis, but its dewlap is often white or gray.
Range mass: 2 to 6 g.
Range length: 10.16 to 20.32 cm.
Other Physical Features: heterothermic
Sexual Dimorphism: male larger; sexes colored or patterned differently; ornamentation
Green anoles have a lifespan ranging from 2 to 8 years, determined largely by predation. Lifespan in captivity is similar to that in the wild, approximately 4 to 6 years, and dependent on proper care and conditions. Longevity also is greatly dependent upon proper nutrition. Smaller, slower, green anoles potentially have greater difficulty obtaining necessary nutrients than larger individuals, especially if engaged in competition. Larger green anoles under ideal natural conditions have been known to live up to 10 years.
Range lifespan
Status: wild: <1 to 10 years.
Average lifespan
Status: wild: 5.5 years.
Range lifespan
Status: captivity: 1.5 to 7 years.
Typical lifespan
Status: wild: 2 to 8 years.
Typical lifespan
Status: captivity: 2 to 7 years.
Anolis carolinensis is a primarily arboreal lizard. Within natural habitats, A. carolinensis is found most often on shaded tree branches. Its positioning within a tree is known as its perch height and is dependent on the proximity of both predators and prey. Limited research has been done on their preferred types or species of trees. Anolis carolinensis appears mostly to inhabit trees and shrubs within their territory and where prey is readily available. They also are frequently observed in tall grasses.
Anolis carolinensis also is one of the most common lizards in urban and suburban areas. It is frequently found near dwellings, particularly on fence posts and the sides of buildings.
Range elevation: 45.73 to 609.76 m.
Average elevation: 327.75 m.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; forest
Aquatic Biomes: coastal
Other Habitat Features: urban ; suburban
Anolis carolinensis (green anoles) is native to neotropical and nearctic regions. Anolis carolinensis occurs throughout much of the southeastern United States, extending north through parts of North Carolina, west to Texas, and south through Florida. While Florida was once the central portion of its United States distribution, today most Florida populations have been replaced by introduced anole species, such as Anolis sagrei.
In other parts of its geographic range, A. carolinensis is considered an introduced species. It has become abundant in Hawaii since it was discovered in 1950. It also has been introduced and has flourished in the Ogasawara Islands of Japan, and in Cuba, the Bahamas, and Guam. In Guam, however, densities have been impacted drastically by predators, such as introduced brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis).
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native ); palearctic (Introduced ); neotropical (Introduced , Native ); oceanic islands (Introduced )
Anolis carolinensis does not have a large ecosystem impact in most geographical ranges. However, their introduction in the Ogasawara Islands of Japan, however, has led to the decline of or extinction of many species, such as the Ogasawara tumbling flower beetle (Glipa ogasawarensis). In other regions, its greatest impact is as a prey species. For example, in Guam, green anoles are so heavily preyed upon by brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) that they have been nearly extirpated from the area.
Because A. carolinensis is highly territorial, especially the males, they may prevent certain other species from entering their territory. This potentially prevents certain reproductive variation. A beneficial quality of green anoles is that they consume seeds and grains, potentially aiding in seed dispersal.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds
One of the best known positive economic factors involving green anoles are their presence in the pet trade. Green anole are sold in many pet stores in the United States. They also are exported for profit. In addition, lizards collected within the United States are sold to zoos and for educational programs. Green anoles also have been studied to better understand animal behavior.
Green anoles also are sometimes considered beneficial pest controllers, because they feed on pest species such as spiders, moths, and crickets.
Positive Impacts: pet trade ; research and education; controls pest population
There are no known adverse effects of Anolis carolinensis on humans. Anolis carolinensis is a relatively harmless reptile. It is not aggressive toward humans, and its bite force is most likely insufficient to damage human skin.
After a female lays her eggs, a five to seven week gestation period is necessary. Green anoles have genotypic sex determination. Once the young hatch from their eggs they resemble adults in coloration and pattern, but are only 23 to 25 mm long. Green anoles have determinate growth; they grow at a relatively constant rate from hatching to adulthood. Hatchlings develop into juvenile males and females without any parental investment. Juvenile males and females have the same resource and survival needs while developing, but competition among juveniles is generally low because resources tend to be plentiful. Since juveniles are not sexually mature, their main activities are associated with foraging, protection against predators, and maintaining adequate body temperatures. Initially, juvenile male and females do not show any sexual differences or display behaviors; however, during later stages of development, testosterone levels become higher in males and are likely to exhibit more aggressive behaviors.
Unlike other Anolis species, such as Anolis aeneus, green anoles do not leave their hatch sites after breeding.
Anolis carolinensis is currently considered to be at lower risk or of least concern and is not vulnerable to any major threats at this time. Some researchers believe that they may be at risk due to the significant numbers in the pet trade. However, in recent years, sales of green anoles have declined due to lesser demand. Also, green anoles appear abundant in the portions of their range from which they are collected and many populations occur in protected areas, such as parks and natural areas, which helps to protect the population.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
Anolis carolinensis is equipped with certain communication signals from birth. Most communication involves color variations, actions such as head bobbing or neck biting, or use of the dewlap. The dewlap is used for inter-gender communication, especially during the breeding season. Displaying the dewlap also may be used to determine competitive status between males; in these cases, dewlap displays are usually related to territorial boundary disputes. Head bobbing or courtship bobbing is performed by both males and females to communicate breeding status, but is also done while in a threatened state.
Green anoles that have not yet reached adulthood do display adult signals and behaviors (e.g. head bobbing). However, since they are not sexually mature, these do not function as courtship mechanisms. Interactions between juveniles are similar to those of adult females. They generally are not as serious as those between adult males and usually do not result in injuries. As juveniles mature, their interactions often become more intense. This is mainly due to the development of structural hierarchies for adulthood.
Communication Channels: visual ; tactile
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile
The majority of green anoles are polygynous. Especially in larger populations, they usually will mate only within their own territories. Females are not characteristically known to search for different mates. In cases when a female mates with a different male, it is usually due to intrusion into her territory.
Green anoles breed roughly four to five months out of the year, usually from April through August. Warmer months have the highest reproduction rate, because higher temperatures increase the size of male and female sexual structures (testes and ovaries). Ovulation cycle for female green anoles lasts approximately two weeks, which creates the intervals in which they mate.
The sexual display behavior of green anoles is very specific. Members of almost every mating pair live within each others territory. To attract the attention of females, males bob their heads up and down and extend their dewlaps. Not all females are receptive to male courtship; some deny them and others exhibit the same behavior as males but then arch their neck to inform the males they are receptive to mating. The male then approaches the female and bites the back of her neck, a distinctive behavior of green anoles. The male stabilizes himself by positioning his tail beneath the female’s body and then mounts her back. The male’s himepenes are at the base of his tail. Once in position, he will insert these into the female’s cloaca. Mating typically lasts only a few minutes.
Males protect their mating partners from other intruding males by defending their territory. At times, males have been found to deny receptive females due to their focus on territorial protection. Females also show protective behavior by mating primarily in sheltered areas and closed terrain, reducing vulnerability to predators. Unlike other Anolis species, such as Anolis aeneus, green anoles do not leave their hatch sites after breeding.
Mating System: polygynous
Breeding period for A. carolinensis occurs during warmer months, generally April through August. The breeding intervals are based on the female reproductive cycle, as they are only receptive to mating during their ovulatory cycle. The male is the main initiator of reproductive interactions and presents a strong display of attraction. This typically promotes a reproductive state in the female, similar to that of Anolis aeneus. Depending on how many ovulatory cycles a female has within a breeding season, she will lay six to nine eggs in a year. On average, she will lay a one to two egg clutch every two weeks. The male’s opportunities for mating correlates with the number of ovulation cycles a female has and the total number of potential mates within his territory range.
Two types of sexual selection occur during the mating season: intersexual and intrasexual selection. The larger a territory range a male has, the more females he is likely to mate with. A territory size usually relates to a male green anoles body size; the larger he is the more dominant he will be towards intruders and predators as he protects his territory.
Female green anoles have the ability to store sperm; this may be a trait of intersexual selection. Sperm has been found within a female seven months after mating, which may make delayed fertilization possible. Prior to releasing her clutch, the female will examine an appropriate area and then dig into the soil. Females prefer to release their eggs into moist soil. Eggs are oval and on average 6 by 4.5 mm. The gestation period varies, but is approximately five to seven weeks long. Hatchling anoles weigh 0.27 g each. Juvenile anoles are sexually mature at 8 to 9 months old.
Breeding interval: Green anoles breed in two week intervals throughout the spring to summer months.
Breeding season: Green anoles breed 4 to 5 months out of the year, usually April through August.
Range number of offspring: 6 to 9.
Range gestation period: 5 to 7 weeks.
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 8 to 9 months.
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 8 to 9 months.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; sexual ; oviparous ; sperm-storing ; delayed fertilization
After ovulation, fertilization, and egg laying, no parental investment is known to occur.
Parental Investment: no parental involvement; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female)
Anolis rudokrký (Anolis carolinensis) je druh anolise, který byl objeven v roce 1832. Podle Mezinárodního svazu ochrany přírody (IUCN) je málo dotčený.
Je rozšířený v jihovýchodní části USA, Mexiku, ve Střední Americe a na Bahamách.[2]
Anolis rudokrký je malý až středně velký ještěr se štíhlým tělem. Má dlouhou zašpičatěnou hlavu s hřebínky mezi očima a čumákem a menšími na vrcholu hlavy. Nohy mají přísavné plošky, které usnadňují lezení. Projevuje se u něj pohlavní dimorfismus, samci bývají až o 15 procent větší. Samčí hrdelní vak je červený a třikrát větší než samičí, který je bílý.[3]
Dospělí samci obvykle dorůstají délky 12,5 až 20 centimetrů, přičemž asi 60–70 % této délky tvoří ocas. Tělo bývá dlouhé do 7,5 cm a může mít hmotnost mezi 3–7 gramy.[3][4][5][6]
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu anolis rudokrký ve Wikimedia Commons
Anolis rudokrký (Anolis carolinensis) je druh anolise, který byl objeven v roce 1832. Podle Mezinárodního svazu ochrany přírody (IUCN) je málo dotčený.
Denne art kaldes også for amerikansk kamæleon og er den eneste anole der forekommer naturligt i det sydøstlige USA. Det faktum at begge køn har en klar grøn farve og hannerne har en rød strubesæk burde gøre artsbestemmelsen enkel, men nogle hanner har lyserøde, hvide eller grønne strubesække, og begge køn kan skifte farve. Den grønne anole var tidligere almindelig i haver og på andre levesteder, men bestandene er gået kraftigt tilbage.
StubDer Rotkehlanolis (Anolis carolinensis, Syn.: Anolis baccatus), auch Amerikanisches Chamäleon oder Grüner Anolis genannt, ist eine in den subtropischen Laubwäldern der USA und der Karibik beheimatete Echse der Gattung Anolis.
Der Rotkehlanolis zeigt wie die meisten Echsen seiner Familie einen ausgeprägten Sexualdimorphismus. Männliche Rotkehlanolis messen ausgewachsen etwa 20 cm bei einer Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von 8 cm, die Weibchen bleiben mit maximal 18 cm und einer Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von 7 cm etwas kleiner. Sie haben einen schlanken Körperbau mit spitz zulaufendem Kopf, der vor allem beim 3–4 cm kleineren Weibchen sehr drahtig ist. Rotkehlanolis können ihre Augen unabhängig voneinander bewegen und die Farbe von grün zu braun wechseln, was ihnen auch den Namen Amerikanisches Chamäleon einbrachte. Die Körperfarbe ändert sich je nach Stimmung und Aktivität, wobei anzumerken ist, dass die Weibchen oftmals dunkler als die Männchen sind. Wenn die Tiere sich etwa sonnen, färben sie sich dunkler, um mehr Wärme aufzunehmen. Der Kehlsack dieser Art ist namensgebend rot. Die geläufige Meinung, dass Weibchen diesen Kehlsack nicht besitzen, ist falsch. Er ist jedoch sehr viel kleiner als der des Männchens und wird fast nie eingesetzt. Der Kehlsack wird sowohl bei Männchen als auch beim Weibchen vom Zungenbeinapparat aufgespannt. Das durchschnittliche Lebensalter wird mit 3 bis 5 Jahren angegeben, die Tiere können aber durchaus auch bis zu 8 Jahre alt werden.
Ursprünglich stammt der Rotkehlanolis aus dem Südosten der USA. Dort ist er heimisch von Florida nach Westen über Alabama und Louisiana bis Texas, von dort aus bis Südoklahoma. Von Oklahoma nach Osten über Arkansas und Tennessee bis nach Südvirginia. Genetische Untersuchungen am Rotkehlanolis deuten darauf hin, dass sein Vorfahre in Kuba lebte und den Südosten der USA (Florida) über das Meer erreichte.[1]
Eine weitere Population wurde auf Hawaii festgestellt, jedoch ist diese auf Verschleppung durch den Menschen zurückzuführen. Dort verbreiten sie sich durch das Fehlen natürlicher Prädatoren (Fressfeinde) so stark, dass sie eine Gefahr für dort heimische Tiere geworden sind.
Außerhalb der USA besiedeln sie große Teile von Nordost-Mexiko sowie diverse Inseln der Karibik. Letztere müssen sie wohl durch Einführung durch den Menschen erreicht haben.
In seinem Habitat bewohnt der Rotkehlanolis Laubwälder und Sträucher. Seine Krallen und Haftfüße (siehe auch Anolis) machen die Art zu einem hervorragenden Kletterer.
Die tagaktiven Rotkehlanolis leben in kleinen Gruppen mit einer klaren Rangordnung. Diese Tiere, welche im Winter eine zweimonatige Winterruhe absolvieren, sind Sonnenanbeter, die sich häufig und gerne sonnen. Dabei färben sie sich dunkelbraun. Sie sind scheue Fluchttiere, die von vielen Jägern (Greifvögel, Katzen etc.) verfolgt werden. Wenn es jedoch keinen Ausweg gibt, versuchen sie, mit dem Kehlsack den Feind einzuschüchtern. Dies ist eine mögliche Situation, bei der Weibchen den Kehlsack benutzt. Aber auch beim Balzen wird der Kehlsack aufgeblasen. Die Männchen weichen gegenüber Artgenossen selten einem Kampf aus. Rotkehlanolis sind sehr territorial, die erste Folge des Eindringens ist wohl die Drohgebärde des Revierinhabers. Er stellt seinen Kehlsack auf und nickt zum Teil dabei mit dem Kopf. Sollte das schwächere Männchen nicht fliehen oder sind die Kontrahenten gleich stark, kommt es zu einem Kampf. Die erste Attacke geht dabei vom Revierinhaber aus.
Es gibt zwei Morphen der Männchen: Leichter gebaute Männchen, die sich in Kämpfen vor allem auf Schnelligkeit und Drohgebärden mit dem Kehlsack verlassen sowie schwerer gebaute Männchen, die sich hauptsächlich auf ihren stärkeren Biss verlassen.[2]
Die Folgen sind vielfältig, Kratzverletzungen und Bissverletzungen sind immer vorhanden. Seltener sind Knochenbrüche und ausgekugelte Gelenke.
Rotkehlanolis stellen aktiv kleineren Gliederfüßern, etwa Grillen, Heuschrecken, Fliegen, Maden, Mehlwürmer und Motten nach. Überdies werden Spinnen gefressen. Grundsätzlich wird jedes Insekt gefressen, welches in den Mund passt. Rotkehlanolis sind Lauerjäger. Wenn er ein Beutetier mit seinen Augen erkennt, wartet er, bis es in Reichweite ist und erbeutet es dann in einem Sprung. Oftmals fängt er die Beute seitlich, muss die Beute dann allerdings umdrehen um sie verschlingen zu können, denn Anolis haben keine Zähne, sondern lediglich kleine Häkchen, mit denen sie die Beute festhalten. Sie fressen größere Beutetiere meistens mit dem Kopf nach unten.
Nach der Winterruhe beginnt die Fortpflanzungszeit der Rotkehlanolis. Das Balzritual besteht aus dem Aufstellen des Kehlsackes und einer liegestützenähnlichen Bewegung. Bei der Paarung setzt das Männchen zu einem Nackenbiss an, um das Weibchen in die Paarungsposition zu bringen. Daraufhin legt das Männchen ein Bein auf den Körper des Weibchens und beginnt mit der Begattung. Die Kopulation dauert ein paar Minuten. Nach einer Trächtigkeit von 2–3 Wochen werden 1 oder 2 weichschalige Eier vergraben, aus denen nach 1–2 Monaten die Jungen schlüpfen, die nach etwa 7 Monaten ebenfalls Jungtiere zeugen können.
Der Rotkehlanolis ist ein weltweit sehr beliebtes Tier für die Terrarienhaltung. Im Vergleich zu anderen Reptilienarten ist er sehr einfach zu halten und kommt mit einer Vielzahl an Lebensräumen zurecht. Zudem zeigt der Rotkehlanolis bei guter Haltung eine sehr breite Palette natürlicher Verhaltensweisen und lässt sich leicht nachzüchten. Dennoch werden in Zoohandlungen oft Wildfänge angeboten, was aufgrund der langen Transportwege als eher fraglich anzusehen ist.
Wie alle Reptilien aus dem subtropischen oder tropischen Raum benötigt der Rotkehlanolis eine relative Luftfeuchtigkeit von 50 bis 65 % am Tag. Abends sollte der Halter manuell sprühen, da durch das nächtliche Absenken der Zimmertemperatur sich die Luftfeuchte auf gewünschte 80 bis 90 % erhöht. Außerdem lecken die Rotkehlanolis die Wassertropfen von den Blättern und den Glasscheiben, um so Wasser aufzunehmen. Die Temperaturen sollten im Winter ca. 23 °C, im Sommer zwischen 28 und 30 °C liegen. Unter der Wärmelampe sollte es wärmer (ca. 28–35 °C) sein, damit sich die wechselwarmen Tiere dort aufwärmen können.
Neben dem Licht muss es im Terrarium auch eine UV-A und UV-B Quelle geben. Moderne HQI-Lampen (nur betreibbar mit Vorschaltgerät) liefern neben einem schönen und natürlichen Licht auch die UV-Strahlung in gesunden Dosen, welche für die Bildung von Vitamin D unabdingbar ist.
Der Rotkehlanolis ist in der Biologie ein Modellorganismus und ist das erste Reptil, dessen Genom vollständig sequenziert wird.[3] Aber auch in der Evolutionsbiologie ist der Rotkehlanolis ein Modellorganismus. So konnten Losos et al. viele neue Erkenntnisse über die Phänomene der adaptiven Radiation, der Insel-Evolution, die biologische Invasion wie auch Mechanismen der phänotypischen Plastizität und der Nischen-Evolution gewinnen.[4] Des Weiteren ist bekannt, dass die Epiphyse des Rotkehlanolis nach einer chirurgischen Entfernung bis zu 10 Tagen in Kulturlösung funktionsfähig bleibt. Somit können Biologen den Einfluss von Licht oder Temperatur auf die Hormonausschüttung der Epiphyse ohne Zeitverzögerung oder Verfälschung der Ergebnisse durch andere äußere Einflüsse messen.[5]
Der Rotkehlanolis (Anolis carolinensis, Syn.: Anolis baccatus), auch Amerikanisches Chamäleon oder Grüner Anolis genannt, ist eine in den subtropischen Laubwäldern der USA und der Karibik beheimatete Echse der Gattung Anolis.
Anolis carolinensis or green anole (US: /əˈnoʊ.li/ (
listen)) (among other names below) is a tree-dwelling species of anole lizard native to the southeastern United States and introduced to islands in the Pacific and Caribbean. A small to medium-sized lizard, the green anole is a trunk-crown ecomorph and can change its color to several shades from brown to green.
Other names include the Carolina anole, Carolina green anole, American anole, American green anole, North American green anole and red-throated anole. It is commonly called chameleon in the southeastern United States and sometimes referred to as the American chameleon (typically in the pet trade) due to its color-changing ability; however, it is not a true chameleon.
The green anole is a small to medium-sized lizard, with a slender body. The head is long and pointed with ridges between the eyes and nostrils, and smaller ones on the top of the head. The toes have adhesive pads to facilitate climbing. They exhibit sexual dimorphism, the males being fifteen percent larger.[3] Adult males within a population can be classified within a heavyweight and a lightweight morph.[4] The male dewlap (throat fan) is three times the size of the female's and bright orange to pink, whereas that of the female is lighter in color. The dewlap is usually pink for Anolis carolinensis (more orange-red in A. sagrei) and is very rarely present in females. The color of the dewlap is variable and different from the lizard eye to the human eye. Green anoles are thought to be capable of seeing a larger range of the UV spectrum, and that the dewlap reflects ultraviolet light for attracting mates.[5] Female anoles do, however, often have a dorsal line down their back. Extension of the dewlap from the throat is used for communication. Males can form a pronounced dorsal ridge behind the head when displaying or when under stress. Females and juveniles have a prominent white stripe running along their spine, a feature most males lack.[6]
Adult males are usually 12.5–20.3 cm (4.9–8.0 in) long, with about 60-70% of which is made up of its tail, with a body length up to 7.5 cm (3.0 in) and can weigh from 3–7 g (0.11–0.25 oz).[3][7][8][9]
Colour varies from brown to green and can be changed like many other kinds of lizards, but anoles are closely related to iguanas[10] and are not true chameleons. Although A. carolinensis is sometimes called an 'American chameleon', true chameleons do not naturally occur in the Americas, and A. carolinensis is not the only lizard currently in its area of distribution capable of changing colour. In contrast, many species of true chameleons display a greater range of color adaptation, though some can hardly change color at all.[3][11]
Typical coloration for a green anole ranges from bright green to dark brown, with little variation in between. The color spectrum is a result of three layers of pigment cells or chromatophores: the xanthophores, responsible for the yellow pigmentation; cyanophores, responsible for the blue pigmentation, and melanophores, responsible for the brown and black pigmentation. The anole changes its color depending on mood, level of stress, activity level and as a social signal (for example, displaying dominance). Anolis carolinensis takes darker coloration as its base color at the beginning of the breeding season when it is generally cooler, and the adult males change their body coloration to more greenish when they need to advertise their territorial possession.[12] Although often claimed, evidence does not support that they do it in response to the color of the background (camouflage).[13][14] Whether they do it in response to temperature (thermoregulation) is less clear, with studies both supporting it[15] and contradicting it.[16] Changing color while under a sharply contrasting shadow can cause a "stencil effect", where the outline of the shadow is temporarily imprinted in the animal's coloration (see image in gallery, below). When stressed—while fighting, for example—the skin just behind the lizard's eyes may turn black independently from the rest of the animal's coloration, forming "postocular spots".
A lack in one of the pigment genes causes color exceptions. These color mutations are also called phases. The rare blue-phased green anole lacks xanthophores, which results in a blue, rather than red, often pastel blue, anole. These specimens have become popular recently in the pet trade market. When the anole is completely lacking xanthophores, it is said to be axanthic and the animal will have a completely pastel- or baby-blue hue. They are extremely rare—usually produced in one of every 20,000 individual anoles in the wild. Another phase is the yellow-phased green anole, which lacks cyanophores. Colonies of these rare color-phased anoles have been reported, but anoles with these color mutations rarely live for long, since the green color provides camouflage for hunting down prey, as well as hiding from predators.
Anolis carolinensis is a species of the large lizard genus Anolis within the family Dactyloidae (anole lizards). Within the genus, thirteen species have been identified as a distinct clade, referred to as the Anolis carolinensis series. This group are mid-sized trunk crown anoles with large conspicuously elongated heads and extreme levels of sexual dimorphism. The species was named by Friedrich Siegmund Voigt (1781 - 1850) in 1832.[2]
This species is native to North America, where it is found mainly in the subtropical southeastern parts of the continent. Anoles are the most abundant on the Atlantic Coastal Plains in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Florida, and on the Gulf Coast in Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, where they extend inland as far as Texas Hill Country and the DFW Metroplex; they have also been recorded in Tamaulipas, Mexico, but it is mostly likely an introduction. In the Carolinas, they are found on the coastal plains as far north as False Cape in Virginia,[17] and in the southern piedmont of North Carolina, but throughout South Carolina,[11] while in Georgia they are widespread except in the Blue Ridge region.[3]
The species has been introduced into various locales in the Pacific and the Caribbean: Hawaii, the Ogasawara Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Bahamas, Anguilla, Palau, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, as well as the Canary Islands. In 2005 they were recognized and listed as an invasive alien species in the Ogasawara Islands of Japan for causing insect population collapse.[18] They have been sighted in Orange County and San Diego County of southern California, with sightings in San Diego going at least as far back as 1993.[19]
A. carolinensis is arboreal in nature but may be seen on the ground and frequently seen on shrubs in the low country of the Carolinas. However, it can live in cities like Atlanta with little trouble so long as there is plentiful vegetation and bugs to eat. One can observe them on steps, trellises, and railings adjacent to foliage; on particularly hot summer days they may seek to cool off on indoor walls or on wrap around porches of older buildings, and in the former case can simply be captured in a shoebox and gently placed outdoors. It is common on roadsides, the edges of forests where there are shrubs and vines, but also construction sites having abundant foliage and sunlight. Their preferred habitat is open pine communities with a greater shrub density, it may harbor a greater abundance of anoles [20] where they are able to watch for prey and intruders coming into their territory.
Although not threatened as a species, Carolina anoles increasingly struggle with competition from introduced anole species, such as the brown anole (Anolis sagrei), also known as the Bahamian anole. This competition happened to be an interesting model for evolutionary studies, as it illustrates the process of adaptation. When A. sagrei first appeared in the United States in the early 1900s,[21] the Carolina anole mostly ceded ground-level territories and were relegated to a very different ecosystem high in the treetops. On occasion, more aggressive Carolina anole individuals may still be seen closer to the ground. Currently, A. carolinensis is abundant in its area of distribution and is able to thrive in disturbed areas, so it is not considered threatened, but A. sagrei may represent a developing threat in some areas.[3]
A. carolinensis has been found to regularly hybridize with a closely related species, Anolis porcatus (the Cuban green anole), in Southern Florida, where A. porcatus has been introduced.[22] A 2022 study found there to be asymmetric introgression of certain A. porcatus alleles within the population of hybrid individuals, three of which were found to be significantly associated with environmental variables indicative of urbanization.[22] It remains uncertain as to how this admixture of invasive alleles to the Carolina anole will affect the conservation of the species going forward.[22] Not all admixture from invasive populations should be viewed as a negative outcome, and adaptive introgression as a result of hybridization with an ecologically robust invasive population might facilitate the long-term survival of native populations otherwise unable to adapt to human impact on the environment.[22]
Male anoles are strongly territorial creatures. Some have even been witnessed fighting their own reflections in mirrored glass. The male will fight other males to defend his territory.[23] On sighting another male, the anole will compress his body, extend the dewlap, inflate a dorsal ridge, bob his head and attempt to chase the rival away. If the rival male continues to approach, anoles will fight by biting and scratching each other. Studies have also shown that there is a positive correlation between bite-force and the size of the individual's dewlap.[24]
One study showed that heavyweights had 50% higher testosterone concentrations than lightweights during the breeding season. It seems that disproportionally larger heads and dewlaps may be correlated to higher bite forces of heavyweights.[25] Those with darker colorations will choose lower perch sites compared to their lighter conspecifics.[26] For heavyweight males of the same size the one with the higher bite force wins disputes more frequently.[27]
Adult female anoles have much smaller dewlaps that they rarely use during encounters with other anoles and never use during courting.[28]
Hormones, sexual signals, and performance of green anole lizards (Anolis carolinensis),
[29] Serious injury is rare, but males often carry numerous scars on their heads and faces, especially during the mating season. Their territories, which are about 1 m3 (35 cu ft), usually include two to three females.[3][11]
The Carolina anole is diurnal and active throughout the year, peaking in spring and fall. Winter activity is dependent on sun and temperature.[3]
An anole's diet consists primarily of small insects such as crickets, grasshoppers, flies, butterflies, moths, cockroaches, small beetles, and other arthropods, including spiders, as well as occasionally feeding on various molluscs,[30] grains, and seeds.[3][11] Although anoles have been observed preying upon smaller reptiles such as juvenile skinks, this is not thought to be typical behavior.[3] Many people who keep these lizards as pets feed them mealworms, grubs, maggots, and small crickets.
Major predators include the broadhead skink, snakes, birds, and in urban habitats, cats. Like many lizards, anoles display autotomic tails, which wiggle when broken off. This distracts the predator and helps the anole to escape. A new tail then starts to develop.[3] The new tail, however, containing cartilage rather than bone, will typically not grow back to the same length as the first one, and may exhibit a marked difference in color and texture from the rest of the animal. Green anoles will also try to escape predators by climbing vertical walls, trees, fences, or any vertical surface they can find. This ability is possible due to their enlarged toe pads and great climbing ability.[31]
Anoles are parasitized by some species of sarcophagid flies, including Lepidodexia blakeae.[32] Adult flies will deposit eggs on live anoles, and the fly larvae develop inside the lizard until they emerge from a wound and pupate into adult flies in sediment. Infection is often fatal, with mortality rates possibly as high as 90%.[32]
The typical breeding season for Carolina anoles starts as early as April and ends in late September, gonadal activity being largely regulated by photoperiod, enlarging in spring as the weather warms up and days lengthen, and then regressing in late summer.[3][11]
During this time, the males patrol their territory and the most brilliant displays of these creatures can be seen. Males defend their territory and females from rivals, while courting the females with elaborate displays of extending their brightly colored dewlaps while bobbing up and down, almost doing a dance.[33] The dewlap is also used to ward off other males. The male courts and pursues a female until the two successfully mate. Usually, when the female is ready to mate, she may let the male catch her, at which point he will grasp her by biting a fold of her skin behind her neck. The male will then position his tail underneath the female's tail near her vent. Males have two sex organs, known as hemipenes, which are normally kept within the body, but are everted from his vent for mating. Males seem to alternate between the left and right hemipenis on successive matings.[34]
The female matures one ovarian follicle at a time, the ovaries alternating in production. The sight of a courting male induces ovarian development, sexual receptiveness and then ovulation. About two to four weeks following mating, the female lays her first clutch of eggs, usually one or two in the first clutch. She can produce an egg every two weeks during the breeding season, until about 10 eggs have been produced. However, she can store sperm for up to eight months following mating. She then buries the soft-shelled eggs in a shallow depression in soft soil, leaf litter, compost, rotting wood, or even a hole in a nearby tree. Eggs average 12.5 mm (0.49 in) by 9.3 mm (0.37 in) in size.[3]
The eggs are left to incubate by the heat of the sun, and if successful, will hatch in about five to seven weeks (30–45 days) from late May to early October. The incubate temperature has to be 80 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit. On hatching, the hatchlings are 52–67 mm (2.0–2.6 in) in length.[3][11]
The hatchlings must fend for themselves, as they are not cared for by either parent. The young hatchlings must be wary of other adult anoles in the area, as well as larger reptiles and mammals, which could eat them. Younger anoles differ from adults in having less obvious head ridges, a wider head and shorter tail. They mature in about eight months.[3]
Carolina anoles' nervous natures makes it advisable not to attempt to handle them very often; despite this, Carolina anoles are popular pets. Individual animals may or may not adapt readily to cage life. Care must be taken to ensure the animals receive the support they need to adapt to captivity and live full and enriching lives; an adequately sized enclosure, as well as the appropriate plants and substrate material, are beneficial to the health of captive Carolina anoles.
A well-cared for green anole can be expected to live for up to 10 years, with longer being possible.[6]
This species has been chosen as a model reptile for genomics by the National Human Genome Research Institute genome sequencing program.[35] It was selected because of the ease and low cost of laboratory breeding and evolutionary value of the diversity of the genus.[36] In 2011, the complete genome of this lizard was sequenced and published in Nature.[37] Before its genome was published, only mammals and three bird species had been sequenced among amniotes.[38] The draft genome sequence is 1.78 Gb (compared with 2.0–3.6 Gb mammalian and 0.9–1.3 Gb avian genome assemblies), of which 27% are mobile elements such as LINEs. A total of 17,472 protein-coding genes and 2,924 RNA genes were predicted from the A. carolinensis genome assembly.[39]
Detail of head, green
Female (brown form)
Detail of head, brown
Color change from green phase to brown phase
When under a sharp shadow, the skin of the green anole may change color unevenly, temporarily leaving an imprint of the shadow
Female (brown) displaying dewlap
_with_red_throat_expanded.jpg)
Male anole with extended dewlap
O'Bryant, E. L., & Wade, J. (2001). Development of a sexually dimorphic neuromuscular system involved in green anole courtship behavior. Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 58(6), 362–369. https://doi.org/10.1159/000057577
Anolis carolinensis or green anole (US: /əˈnoʊ.li/ (listen)) (among other names below) is a tree-dwelling species of anole lizard native to the southeastern United States and introduced to islands in the Pacific and Caribbean. A small to medium-sized lizard, the green anole is a trunk-crown ecomorph and can change its color to several shades from brown to green.
Other names include the Carolina anole, Carolina green anole, American anole, American green anole, North American green anole and red-throated anole. It is commonly called chameleon in the southeastern United States and sometimes referred to as the American chameleon (typically in the pet trade) due to its color-changing ability; however, it is not a true chameleon.
El abaniquillo verde del noreste (Anolis carolinensis), también conocido cómo anolis verde, camaleón norteamericano o falso camaleón es una especie de lagarto escamoso dactiloido del género Anolis. Fue descrito por Friedrich Siegmund Voigt en 1832.[2][3] Su genoma fue secuenciado en 2011.[4] La especie puede cambiar de color según factores externos.[5]
Aunque comúnmente son llamados como "camaleones" (mayormente en estados unidos), los anolis están filogenéticamente más relacionados con las iguanas que con los "verdaderos" camaleones (quienes están más relacionados con los agámidos). El nombre de "camaleón americano", es en referencia a parte su distribución.[5][6] Los camaleones verdaderos no se distribuyen naturalmente en América.
Vance T. en 1991 describió la subespecie Anolis carolinensis seminolus basándose en variaciones morfologícas.[7] Posteriormente, estudios genéticos recientes no encontraron una superposición clara entre A. c. seminolus y poblaciones genéticamente definidas, por lo que no se reconocen subespecies dentro de A. carolinensis.[3]
Se sabe que la población del abaniquillo verde, de las islas pequeñas de Florida, se trasladó a localizaciones más grandes después de una invasión de los introducidos abaniquillos pardos del Caribe y, en respuesta el abaniquillo verde del Noroeste evolucionó adaptándose a almohadillas más grandes después de solo 20 generaciones.[3][8]
La presencia de la especie invasora A. sagrei resultó en un cambio hacia arriba de 17 veces en el nicho vertical del abaniquillo verde del Noroeste, con un cambio de 8,3 m en la altura media de la posición, al menos en Gainesville, Florida.[3][9]
La invasión del abaniquillo pardo parece estar desapareciendo cada vez más al abaniquillo verde.[10][1] La competencia y la depredación de otras lagartijas anolis no nativas aparte del abaniquillo pardo entre otras cosas han causado disminuciones de la población en el centro y el sur de Florida.[11] Sin embargo, esta especie no está amenazada en la mayor parte de su área de distribución nativa.[1]
El nombre del género Anolis proviene del francés l'anole, que se deriva de anoli (o anolis) o anaoli (o anoali), palabras aborígenes de las Indias Occidentales que significan "lagarto".[12][3] Anolis es un nombre masculino.[3]
El epíteto específico hace referencia a Carolina, el lugar donde se encontró la especie por primera vez.[3]
El abaniquillo verde es una lagartija de tamaño pequeño de cabeza con hocico puntiagudo, cola y extremidades largas con dedos que terminan en garras y que presentan almohadillas adhesivas en los dedos que utilizan para caminar en las paredes. Los machos pueden mostrar una cresta dorsal pronunciada detrás de la cabeza cuando se exhiben o cuando están bajo estrés. Pueden presentar coloración verde, café o gris según el estado de animo o otros efectos. Tanto las hembras como los machos tienen una papada que usan para comunicarse; la papada de los machos es 3 veces más grande y de color más brillante.[5] Los machos adultos suelen medir entre 12,5 y 20,3 cm de largo, de los cuales aproximadamente el 60-70% está formado por su cola, con una longitud corporal de hasta 7,5 cm. Pueden pesar de 3 a 7 gramos.[5]
El abaniquillo verde del noroeste es normalmente de color verde brillante con parpados celestes y vientre blanco, pero la coloración puede cambiar a marrón o gris según la temperatura, humedad, estado de salud y ánimo, nivel de actividad y como señal social (por ejemplo, como muestra de dominio). Aunque a menudo se afirma, la evidencia no respalda que lo hagan en modo de camuflaje.[13][14] Se cree que el cambio de color es debido a la termorregulación, aunque hay estudios que contradicen esto. Las hembras tienen una franja blanca prominente a lo largo de la columna vertebral, una característica de la que carecen la mayoría de los machos.
Los abaniquillos verdes pueden cambiar de color mientras está bajo una sombra que contrasta mucho, lo que puede causar un "efecto de estarcido", en donde el contorno de la sombra se "imprime" temporalmente en la coloración del animal. Cuando está estresado, por ejemplo cuando se encuentra en una pelea, la piel justo detrás de los ojos del lagarto puede volverse negra independientemente del resto de la coloración del animal, formando unas "manchas postoculares".
El cambio de color es el resultado de tres capas de células pigmentarias o cromatóforos:
La dieta del abaniquillo verde consiste principalmente en pequeños insectos como grillos, saltamontes, moscas, mariposas, polillas, cucarachas, pequeños escarabajos y otros artrópodos, incluidas arañas, además de alimentarse ocasionalmente de varios granos y semillas.[5][6] Se ha observado que se alimenta de reptiles más pequeños, como los eslizones juveniles; no se cree que este sea un comportamiento típico.[5] Muchas personas que tienen estos lagartos como mascotas los alimentan con tenebrios, larvas, gusanos y pequeños grillos.
Los principales depredadores incluyen el eslizón de cabeza ancha, serpientes, aves y, en los hábitats urbanos, gatos domésticos.[5]
Los abaniquillos verdes son parasitados por algunas especies de moscas sarcófagas, incluida la Lepidodexia blakeae. Las moscas adultas depositan huevos en abaniquillos verde vivos, y las larvas de mosca se desarrollarán dentro del lagarto hasta que emerjan de una herida y se conviertan en moscas adultas en el sedimento. La infección suele ser fatal, con tasas de mortalidad que posiblemente lleguen al 90%.[15]
Como muchas lagartijas, los anolis exhiben colas que pueden desprenderse y moverse; esto distrae al depredador y ayuda al anolis a escapar.[5] Puede desarrollarse una nueva cola que contiene cartílago en lugar de hueso; normalmente la cola no volverá a crecer hasta la misma longitud que la primera, y puede mostrar una marcada diferencia en color y textura con respecto al resto del animal.
La temporada de reproducción típica de los abaniquillos verde comienza en abril y termina a fines de septiembre, la actividad gonadal está regulada en gran medida por el fotoperíodo, aumenta en primavera a medida que el clima se calienta y los días se alargan, y luego retrocede a fines del verano.[5][6]
Durante este tiempo, los machos "patrullan" su territorio y muestran sus más brillantes exhibiciones. Los machos defienden su territorio de otros machos, mientras protegen y cortejan a las hembras con elaboradas demostraciones, que tratan de extender sus papadas de colores brillantes mientras se balancean hacia arriba y hacia abajo.[16] La papada también se usa para "protegerse" de otros machos. El macho corteja y persigue a una hembra hasta que los dos se aparean con éxito.
Por lo general, cuando la hembra está lista para aparearse, puede dejar que el macho la atrape, momento en el cual él la agarrará mordiendo un pliegue de su piel detrás de su cuello. Luego, el macho colocará su cola debajo de la cola de la hembra cerca de su cloaca. Los machos tienen dos órganos sexuales, conocidos como hemipenes, que normalmente se mantienen dentro del cuerpo, pero se evierten de la cloaca para el apareamiento. Los machos parecen alternar entre el hemipene izquierdo y el derecho en apareamientos sucesivos.[17]
La hembra madura un folículo ovárico a la vez, alternando los ovarios en la producción. La mirada de un macho cortejando induce el desarrollo ovárico, la receptividad sexual y luego la ovulación. Alrededor de dos a cuatro semanas después del apareamiento, la hembra pone su primera nidada de huevos, generalmente uno o dos en la primera nidada. Puede producir un huevo cada dos semanas durante la temporada de reproducción, hasta que haya producido unos 10 huevos. Sin embargo, puede almacenar esperma hasta ocho meses después del apareamiento. Luego entierra los huevos de cáscara blanda en una depresión poco profunda en un suelo blando, hojarasca, compost, madera podrida o incluso en un agujero en un árbol cercano. Los huevos tienen un tamaño promedio de 12,5 mm por 9,3 mm.[5]
La finalización de la incubación los huevos depende según calor del sol y, si tienen éxito, eclosionarán en un aproximado de a siete semanas (30 a 45 días), desde finales de mayo hasta principios de octubre. La temperatura de incubación debe ser de 26 a 29 C°. Al nacer, las crías miden entre 52 y 67 mm de largo.[5][6]
Después de la eclosión, las crías son totalmente independientes y deberán sobrevivir sin la ayuda de un adulto; las crías jóvenes son el alimento de otros abaniquillos adultos en el área, así como con reptiles y mamíferos más grandes. Los anolis más jóvenes difieren de los adultos en que tienen crestas en la cabeza menos evidentes, una cabeza más ancha y una cola más corta. Maduran en unos ocho meses.
El abaniquillo verde se distribuye en Estados Unidos, al este de Texas, sureste de Oklahoma, sur de Arkansas, Luisiana, Misisipi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Carolina del Sur, Carolina del Norte y el sureste de Tennessee. Se sabe de una población en Tamaulipas, México.[18][3] También se distribuye en las Bahamas, Islas Gran Caimán, Anguila y Cuba.
Es una especie introducida en Hawái y en el atolón de Midway.[19][3] Introducido en Japón, específicamente en Chichi-jima y Haha-jima, en Islas Ogasawara y en Okinawazima. Introducido en Micronesia y Guam. Introducido en las Islas Marianas del Norte (Saipán).
En España lo han introducido en la isla de Tenerife. En el 2021, el Gobierno de Canarias y Cabildo de Tenerife han colaborado en la detección y captura de más de 1.500 ejemplares de anolis verde, una especie exótica de lagarto perjudicial para la biodiversidad canaria y que podría serlo para las personas por contener patógenos transmisibles al ser humano.[20]
El abaniquillo verde del Noroeste es una especie de lagarto principalmente arbóreo, ocupando una amplia variedad de hábitats, incluidos bosques de tierras altas, matorrales de pino-palmetto, acantilados rocosos, pantanos, parques arbolados, campos despejados, matorrales marítimos y lotes residenciales de pueblos costeros.[1][11][21][22] También puede adaptarse a hábitats urbanos como plantaciones, jardines, áreas urbanas y incluso bosques antiguos altamente degradados.[1]
El abaniquillo verde se suele encontrar sobre troncos de árboles, arbustos, enredaderas y varias otras plantas, y también sobre postes de cercas y paredes de edificios. Durante la noche, esta lagartija duerme en la vegetación. En climas fríos, los abaniquillos verdes buscan refugio pero no se adentran bajo tierra.[23]
La especie fue elegida como modelo de reptil para genómica por el programa de secuenciación del genoma del Instituto Nacional de Investigación del Genoma Humano en 2005.[3] Fue seleccionado por la facilidad y el bajo costo de la reproducción en laboratorio y el valor evolutivo de la diversidad del género. En 2011, el genoma completo de este lagarto fue secuenciado y publicado en Nature.[3][4] Antes de que se publicara su genoma, entre los amniotas, solo se habían secuenciado mamíferos y de 3 especies de aves. El borrador de la secuencia del genoma es de 1,78 Gb (en comparación con 2,0 a 3,6 Gb de ensamblajes de genoma de mamíferos y 0,9 a 1,3 Gb de aves), de los cuales el 27% son elementos móviles como LINEs. Se predijo un total de 17 472 genes codificadores de proteínas y 2924 genes de ARN a partir del ensamblaje del genoma de A. carolinensis.[4]
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|número-autores= (ayuda) El abaniquillo verde del noreste (Anolis carolinensis), también conocido cómo anolis verde, camaleón norteamericano o falso camaleón es una especie de lagarto escamoso dactiloido del género Anolis. Fue descrito por Friedrich Siegmund Voigt en 1832. Su genoma fue secuenciado en 2011. La especie puede cambiar de color según factores externos.
Anolis carolinensis Anolis generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Dactyloidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Anolis carolinensis Anolis generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Dactyloidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Norops baccatus Norops generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Dactyloidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Norops baccatus Norops generoko animalia da. Narrastien barruko Dactyloidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Anolis carolinensis est une espèce de sauriens de la famille des Dactyloidae[1].
Cette espèce est plus communément appelée Anole vert mais aussi Anole américain, Anole à gorge rouge ou même Caméléon américain, dû à sa capacité à changer de couleur mais il ne s'agit pas d'un caméléon, ces derniers faisant partie d'une famille de reptiles différente.
L'anolis vert peut atteindre une longueur totale de 22 cm pour une masse d'environ 4 g[2]. Les femelles sont plus petites que les mâles, environ 16 cm[réf. nécessaire].
Comme son nom l'indique, la couleur de l'anolis est d'un vert vif, mais celle-ci peut tourner au brun ou marron sous l'influence de plusieurs facteurs, tels que l'émotion et l'état d'esprit de l'individu, le camouflage dans l'environnement, ainsi que la température. Le ventre reste toujours de couleur blanche ; on peut remarquer un cercle brun ou vert autour de l'œil. L'anole vert passe du vert au brun pour différentes raisons. Le camouflage, la température et les émotions sont les principaux facteurs du changement de couleur.
Le mâle déploie son fanon gulaire en vue de femelles afin de les séduire ou pour impressionner d'éventuels intrus sur son territoire. Ce comportement est souvent accompagné de hochements de tête. Comme beaucoup de lézards, l'anolis a la capacité de perdre sa queue afin de détourner l'attention d'un attaquant (faculté d'autotomie). En effet, le bout de queue détachée continue à bouger et à se contracter. La queue repoussera mais sera moins maniable que l'original. Par ailleurs, les yeux de l'anolis bougent indépendamment l'un de l'autre à la manière d'un caméléon. Leurs longs doigts griffus permettent à l'anolis de grimper facilement dans les arbres. De plus la présence de setæ sous les pattes permettent a l'anolis vert d'adhérer plus aisément aux surfaces lisses, comme de nombreux geckos. Ils sont capables de sauter à des longueurs d'environ 35 cm[2].
Cette espèce est insectivore.
Les anoles verts sont curieux de nature et ont une bonne connaissance de leurs environnement. Les mâles sont très territoriaux et n'hésitent pas à combattre leurs congénères masculins pour défendre leur territoire. Si un mâle pénètre à l'intérieur du territoire d'un autre mâle, l'intrus se verra poursuivi et chassé vivement mais sans qu'aucune blessure ne survienne.
Le stress est reconnaissable chez l'anole grâce à plusieurs symptômes : couleur brune constante, cernes noires sous les yeux, comportement léthargique persistant. En revanche, si l'on place un mâle parmi plusieurs femelles, des poursuites agressives pourront être observées mais celles-ci sont de courte durée. L'anole aime se percher dans les branches des arbres qui lui assurent une bonne couverture, ou sur les barrières des jardins mais rarement sur le sol. Il déploie alors sa gorge rougeâtre en guise d'avertissement contre des éventuels attaquants. Comme tous les reptiles, l'anole vert mue. Il se sert de sa bouche pour arracher ses peaux mortes et les mange ensuite car celles-ci sont riches en minéraux.
La saison des amours des anoles verts débute en avril et se termine en août. Durant cette période, les mâles se parent de brillantes couleurs. Ils courtisent les femelles en déployant leurs gorges rouge vif et en exécutant des petits mouvements qui évoquent une sorte de danse. Si la femelle apprécie la parade nuptiale, elle le fait savoir au mâle en acceptant tout simplement de se laisser attraper par son partenaire ou en baissant la tête afin que le mâle puisse lui attraper la nuque avec sa gueule. Durant l'accouplement le mâle maintient la femelle par la nuque avec sa gueule, la blessant parfois légèrement. Quatre semaines après la fécondation, la femelle pond ses premiers œufs. Elle en pondra jusqu'à une dizaine, puis ne pourra plus en produire avant la saison des amours suivante. La femelle enterre ses œufs dans le sol meuble ou le compost puis ne s'en occupe plus. L'incubation se fera grâce aux rayons du soleil et l'éclosion a lieu 40 jours plus tard environ. Comme pour la plupart des reptiles, les nouveau-nés ne bénéficient d'aucune aide des parents et doivent apprendre à survivre par eux-mêmes. La majorité ne parvient pas à l'âge adulte, tombant proie à plusieurs sortes de prédateurs (y compris d'autres anoles verts).
En 2011, le génome d'Anolis carolinensis est entièrement séquencé, ce qui en fait le premier reptile non avien faisant l'objet d'un séquençage complet[3],[4].
Cette espèce se rencontre[1] :
L'anole vert étant un animal de compagnie apprécié, certains individus échappés ont formé des petites colonies loin de leurs terre d'origine comme c'est le cas à Hawaï et dans l'archipel d'Ogasawara.
Dans sa zone originale américaine, l'anole vert a vu entrer l'anole brun de Cuba. Celui-ci se reproduit plus vite que l'anole vert si bien qu'en Floride, on voit davantage d'anoles bruns que de verts.
Selon Reptarium Reptile Database (3 août 2012)[5], ce reptile est représenté par deux sous-espèces :
Son nom d'espèce, composé de carolin[a] et du suffixe latin -ensis, « qui vit dans, qui habite », lui a été donné en référence au lieu de sa découverte.
Cet animal se rencontre fréquemment en terrariophilie mais comme l'anole vert se reproduit mal en captivité, les individus que l'on trouve dans le commerce sont généralement capturés à l'état sauvage.
Anolis carolinensis est une espèce de sauriens de la famille des Dactyloidae.
Cette espèce est plus communément appelée Anole vert mais aussi Anole américain, Anole à gorge rouge ou même Caméléon américain, dû à sa capacité à changer de couleur mais il ne s'agit pas d'un caméléon, ces derniers faisant partie d'une famille de reptiles différente.
L'anolide della Carolina (Anolis carolinensis Voigt, 1832) è un sauro della famiglia Dactyloidae, diffuso nel Nuovo Mondo.[1]
La lunghezza di questi sauri varia da 12 ai 20 cm.
Sia i maschi che le femmine sono dotati di un sacco giugulare (spesso detto gorgiera) di colore rosa che dilatano per difendersi dai rivali.
È una specie arboricola. Si ciba di insetti. Di giorno si scalda al sole, arrampicandosi spesso sulle fronde delle palme, sui tronchi d'albero o sui muri grazie ai grossi cuscinetti che possiede sotto le dita; di notte dorme nei cespugli.
Gli anolidi della Carolina sono ovipari. Durante il periodo dell'accoppiamento, il maschio espande la propria gorgiera per attrarre a sé le femmine grazie ai suoi colori. Le femmine riproducono un uovo alla volta, a frequenti intervalli, durante tutta la stagione riproduttiva.
Diffuso nelle due Americhe si può trovare principalmente nella zona sud-orientale degli Stati Uniti d'America, prendendo di conseguenza il nome dallo stato americano della Carolina del Sud.
L'anolide della Carolina (Anolis carolinensis Voigt, 1832) è un sauro della famiglia Dactyloidae, diffuso nel Nuovo Mondo.
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Anolis zielony (Anolis carolinensis) – gatunek niewielkiej nadrzewnej jaszczurki z kladu Iguania. Tradycyjnie zaliczany do rodziny legwanów, obecnie wraz z innymi anolisami częściej zaliczany do odrębnej rodziny Polychrotidae[3] (choć część naukowców wciąż uznaje ją za podrodzinę legwanów[4], a inni przenoszą rodzaj Anolis do rodziny Dactyloidae[5]). Jest pierwszym gatunkiem gada, u którego zsekwencjonowano cały genom[6].
Anolis zielony, zwany również anolisem karolińskim lub rzadziej czerwonogardłym, to niewielka jaszczurka dorastająca do 20 cm. Głowa nieduża, spiczasta. Skóra pokryta drobnymi łuskami. Samce większe i masywniejsze od samic. Samice na grzbiecie mają charakterystyczny białawy zygzak po czym łatwo je odróżnić. Pod gardłem mają fałd skórny (u samców wyraźnie większy), często widoczny podczas zalotów. Fałd jest koloru różowawej czerwieni. Ogony anolisów przekraczają długość ich ciała. Potrafią zmieniać barwę z jasnego brązu do ciemnego (czasem szarawe) lub z brązowego na mniej lub bardzo mocno zielony – również w zależności od zaniepokojenia.
Żyje na obszarze południowo-wschodnich stanów USA oraz na południu i wschodzie Teksasu. Gatunek introdukowany na Bahamach, Kajmanach, Anguilli, Hawajach, Midway, Guam, Palau, Marianach, Wyspach Ogasawara, Okinawie, Teneryfie, na południowym wschodzie Hiszpanii i być może w meksykańskim stanie Tamaulipas[7]. Najczęściej spotykany na krzewach, niewielkich drzewach. Zamieszkuje tereny o wysokiej wilgotności, często w pobliżu siedzib ludzkich.
Jedna z najczęściej hodowanych w terrariach jaszczurek w Polsce. Głównie ze względu na fakt, iż łatwo się oswajają i ciekawie się zachowują. Można bez stresu delikatnie brać je w ręce. Anolisy to gady terytorialne, więc w jednym terrarium nie mogą przebywać dwa samce.
Typu zwierzęcego. W naturze żywią się niewielkimi bezkręgowcami, najczęściej małymi owadami. Przy hodowli domowej karmimy je niedużymi świerszczami (św. bananowe), mącznikami (białe zaraz po wylince), karaczanami, muchami, gąsienicami, dżdżownicami czy ćmami. Należy im podawać jak najbardziej urozmaicony pokarm, bogaty w witaminy i wapń. Trzeba pamiętać, że owady z odłowu mogą przenosić pasożyty, grzyby czy roztocza. Młode, szybko rosnące gady należy karmić codziennie. Starszym osobnikom można wydłużyć ten czas do 2-3 dni.
Terrarium najlepiej typu wertykalnego (wysokie) ze względu na wspinaczkę. Wentylowane. Optymalne wymiary 50x40x60. Należy zadbać o ścianę z korka, matę grzewczą, trochę kamieni, dużo kryjówek, sztuczne lub żywe rośliny (tam spędza noc), korzenie czy gałęzie.
Anolis zielony (Anolis carolinensis) – gatunek niewielkiej nadrzewnej jaszczurki z kladu Iguania. Tradycyjnie zaliczany do rodziny legwanów, obecnie wraz z innymi anolisami częściej zaliczany do odrębnej rodziny Polychrotidae (choć część naukowców wciąż uznaje ją za podrodzinę legwanów, a inni przenoszą rodzaj Anolis do rodziny Dactyloidae). Jest pierwszym gatunkiem gada, u którego zsekwencjonowano cały genom.
Anolis carolinensis é uma espécie de lagartos pertencentes ao vasto gênero Anolis, da família Polychrotidae. De hábitos solitários e arborícolas, esse lagarto pode ser encontrado no sudeste dos Estados Unidos e em diversas ilhas do Caribe. É muitas vezes erroneamente chamado de camaleão, devido a sua habilidade de mudar de cor e de mover seus olhos independentemente, porém não é parente próximo dos camaleões.
O Anolis carolinensis existe apenas na América do Norte, no sudeste dos Estados Unidos e no Caribe. Pode ser facilmente encontrado em áreas costeiras da Carolina do Norte até à Flórida e também no Texas. Não existia no Hawaii, mas foi introduzido. Ele também pode, como vários outros lagartos, ser domesticado.
O Anolis carolinensis possui 24 centímetros de comprimento, geralmente exibe coloração verde, mas pode mudar de cor dependendo do humor e da temperatura ambiente. Além da mudança de cor, também é famoso pela sua garganta vermelha inflável.
Assim como muitos lagartos, o Anolis carolinensis consegue auto-amputar sua cauda na presença de um predador, fugindo e deixando a cauda para trás. Ela continua se retorcendo depois de amputada, prendendo a atenção do predador e dando tempo para o lagarto fugir. Uma nova cauda cresce posteriormente no lugar da antiga,
Anolis carolinensis são, como a maioria dos lagartos, animais solitários e territoriais, e costumam lutar uns com os outros para defender seu território. Durante a época de acasalamento (de abril até agosto) os lagartos exibem suas gargantas vermelhas infladas para os companheiros.
Os ovos, depois de postos são enterrados e abandonados à própria sorte, como acontece na maioria dos escamados. Após um período de 30-45 dias, eles chocam e os filhotes aparecem. É um mundo perigoso para os pequenos lagartos recém-nascidos, que têm de se defender contra os muitos mamíferos e répteis predadores existentes no território. Ainda assim, muitos sobrevivem.
Anolis carolinensis é uma espécie de lagartos pertencentes ao vasto gênero Anolis, da família Polychrotidae. De hábitos solitários e arborícolas, esse lagarto pode ser encontrado no sudeste dos Estados Unidos e em diversas ilhas do Caribe. É muitas vezes erroneamente chamado de camaleão, devido a sua habilidade de mudar de cor e de mover seus olhos independentemente, porém não é parente próximo dos camaleões.
Anolisul verde (Anolis carolinensis[6]) este o specie de șopârle din genul Anolis, familia Polychrotidae, descrisă de Voigt în anul 1832.[7][8] Anolisul verde este prima reptilă căreia i-a fost secvențiat genomul. Șopârlele anolis sunt cel mai bun exemplu de radiație adaptativă și evoluție convergentă. Populațiile de șopârle de pe insulele izolate tind să ocupe medii noi de viață de obicei în vegetațiile forestiere (precum coroanele copacilor, trunchi sau scorburi). Aceste divergențe de habitat sunt provocate de schimbări morfologice. În plus, aceste obiceiuri se repetă pe numeroase insule, împreună cu animale din habitate similare care converg la forme morfologice diverse. Aceasta demonstrează că radiația adaptativă poate fi prevăzută bazându-ne după habitatul întâlnit, iar introducerile experimentale în insulele lipsite de șopârle au demonstrat că evoluția Anolisului poate fi prevăzută.
A fost clasificată de IUCN ca specie cu risc scăzut.[1]
Această specie cuprinde următoarele subspecii:[7]
Anolisul verde din sudul Statelor Unite ale Americii este o șopârlă mică, capabilă de mai multe lucruri: poate să prindă o muscă, să se lupte cu rivalii, să se adăpostească, să se împerecheze sau să depună ouă. Toate aceste activități sunt folositoare pentru animal, dacă el știe să-și stabilească prioritățile corect. De exemplu, pe timpul verii în Carolina de Sud, femelele mature sexual întâlnesc masculi maturi sexual. De obicei, masculul răspunde cu o etalare de curtare(courtship display), în care își etalează bărbia și își mișc capul în sus și în jos deasupra femelei, pe care o atinge cu bărbia. Dacă femela nu fuge, masculul o va mușca de ceafă, după care își arcuiește corpul astfel încât să-și introducă unul din cele două hemipenisuri în cloaca acesteia. Însă, femelele ignoră adeseori invitația masculului. Fiecare acuplare necesită între 5 și 20 minute, timp în care femela nu mai poate să facă nimic altceva. Femelele evită acuplările inutile, ele se acuplează doar atunci când ouăle sunt mature, gata pentru a fi fertilizate. Anolisul verde, la fel ca și limaxul de mare, are mecanisme care monitorizează maturizarea ouălelor și folosesc această informație pentru a-și regla prioritățile comportamentale. La anolis, un singur ou se maturizează odată (într-o perioadă de 10-14 zile). Când oul este matur, iar femeia este pe cale de a ovula, ea va deveni receptivă; imediat după acuplare, femela devine din nou nereceptivă pentru o săptămână sau două, timp în care se dezvoltă noul ou. Cine reglează ciclul reproductiv la femela de anolis? Cum știe când să răspundă la avansurile masculului și când să nu răspundă? Mecanismele de reglare care controlează receptivitatea sunt complexe; dar, la fel ca și la limaxul de mare, interacțiunile hormoni-sistem nervos joacă un rol important. Când un ou se maturizează, celule din ovar comunică hormonal cu creierul, eliberând în fluxul sanguin doi hormoni sexuali(estrodiolul și progesteronul). Când acești doi hormoni ajung la celulele țintă din creier, vor determina eliberarea altor hormoni ai glandei pituitare. Aceștia ajung înapoi la ovare, unde vor ajuta la menținerea schemei de producție a estrogenului și progesteronului. Acest feed-back ajută eventual la inhibarea acelor neuroni din creier, care reacționează la stimulii sexuali ai masculului. Precis nu se știe, însă la șobolanul alb, estrogenul activează neuronii hipotalamici, unde se leagă molecule receptoare în nucleul celular. Acest lucru modifică producția de proteine în celulele țintă, ceea ce determină modificarea proprietăților electrice ale celulei, iar în final modifică receptivitatea la stimuli(capacitatea de a răspunde la stimuli). Dacă și la Anolis se petrece ceva asemănător în momentul ovulației, hormonii modifică receptivitatea unei părți a creierului femelei, determinând-o să-și arcuiască ceafa când vede gușa etalată a masculului. Se poate dovedi experimental importanța hormonilor(estrogen și progesteron) în controlul receptivității femelelor, prin ovarectomizare. Aceste femele nu vor mai răspunde niciodată sexual la curtarea masculilor, doar dacă primește injecții cu acei hormoni(o doză de estradiol, urmată de 24 de ore de o doză de progesteron). Aproape toate femelele injectate vor fi gata de acuplare, în ciuda lipsei ouălelor maturizate.
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Acest articol referitor la o reptilă este un ciot. Puteți ajuta Wikipedia prin completarea sa. Anolisul verde (Anolis carolinensis) este o specie de șopârle din genul Anolis, familia Polychrotidae, descrisă de Voigt în anul 1832. Anolisul verde este prima reptilă căreia i-a fost secvențiat genomul. Șopârlele anolis sunt cel mai bun exemplu de radiație adaptativă și evoluție convergentă. Populațiile de șopârle de pe insulele izolate tind să ocupe medii noi de viață de obicei în vegetațiile forestiere (precum coroanele copacilor, trunchi sau scorburi). Aceste divergențe de habitat sunt provocate de schimbări morfologice. În plus, aceste obiceiuri se repetă pe numeroase insule, împreună cu animale din habitate similare care converg la forme morfologice diverse. Aceasta demonstrează că radiația adaptativă poate fi prevăzută bazându-ne după habitatul întâlnit, iar introducerile experimentale în insulele lipsite de șopârle au demonstrat că evoluția Anolisului poate fi prevăzută.
A fost clasificată de IUCN ca specie cu risc scăzut.
Thằn lằn Carolina hay còn gọi là thằn lằn Florida hay là thằn lằn xanh (Danh pháp khoa học: Anolis carolinensis) là một loại thằn lằn bản địa của Mỹ, chúng là loài phổ biến tại khu vực phía Đông Nam nước Mỹ. Chúng là loài được ghi nhận là tiến hóa nhanh do áp lực của loài xâm lấn.
Sự tiến hóa nhanh chóng trong khoảng thời gian ngắn chỉ khoảng 15 năm như là hậu quả của áp lực từ một loài thằn lằn xâm lấn được nhập vào từ Cuba. Loài thằn lằn xâm lấn là loài thằn lằn Cuba hay thằn lằn nâu có nguồn gốc từ Cuba và Bahamas. Những con thằn lằn này lần đầu tiên xuất hiện tại Nam Florida vào những năm 1950, có thể là thông qua các lô hàng nông sản từ Cuba, và từ đó chúng lan rộng trên khắp vùng Đông Nam nước Mỹ và thậm chí có mặt ở cả đảo Hawaii.
Sau khi tương tác với các sinh vật xâm lấn, loài thằn lằn bản địa bắt đầu leo lên và đậu ở các cành cao hơn trên cây, và qua các thế hệ, chân của chúng đã tiến hóa để trở nên phù hợp hơn với việc nắm các cành cây trơn và nhỏ hơn ở trên cao hơn. Trong vòng vài tháng, những con thằn lằn bản địa đã chuyển sang đậu ở nơi cao hơn, và trong suốt 15 năm và trải qua 20 thế hệ, các gan ngón chân của chúng đã to hơn, với nhiều các vảy dính hơn trên chân của chúng.
Sự cạnh tranh giữa loài thằn lằn màu nâu và màu xanh lá cây về thực phẩm và không gian sống có thể chính là nhân tố gây ra sự thích nghi mới ở những con thằn lằn màu xanh lá. Những con trưởng thành của cả hai loài này đều ăn thịt những con non mới nở của loài kia.
Thằn lằn Carolina hay còn gọi là thằn lằn Florida hay là thằn lằn xanh (Danh pháp khoa học: Anolis carolinensis) là một loại thằn lằn bản địa của Mỹ, chúng là loài phổ biến tại khu vực phía Đông Nam nước Mỹ. Chúng là loài được ghi nhận là tiến hóa nhanh do áp lực của loài xâm lấn.
グリーンアノール (Anolis carolinensis) は、爬虫綱有鱗目トカゲ亜目イグアナ科（アノールトカゲ科とする説もあり）アノールトカゲ属に分類されるトカゲ。別名アメリカカメレオン。
アメリカ合衆国南東部、キューバ、メキシコ、西インド諸島に分布する。
日本（沖縄島、小笠原諸島）、アメリカ合衆国（グアム、ハワイ）等に移入している[1]。
全長15-20cm。頭部は大型で吻端が尖り、オスの方が大きくなる。体色は緑色だが優れた変色能力を持ち、周囲の環境や気分によって背面は薄黄緑色から暗褐色まで、腹部は白色から灰色まで体色を変化させることが別名の由来になっている。また、眼の周囲だけが変化することもあり、水色や暗褐色に変色する[2]。
鉤爪を使い木登りを器用に行う他、指先にはヤモリのように踵下薄板が備わり、ガラス面にも付着することができる。
成熟したオスは紫色の喉もとにある袋のようなもの（咽喉垂）が発達する。
森林の林縁部や民家の近く、農耕地の周辺の樹木などの樹上に生息する。昼行性の変温動物であり、日中は日当たりのいい場所で日光にあたり、夜間には樹木の枝や葉の隙間などの狭いところで休息する。
食性は動物食で、昆虫類、節足動物等に素早く詰め寄り捕食する。視覚が発達しており、数m離れたところにいる昆虫類なども見つけて捕食することができる。
オスは咽喉垂を広げ威嚇や求愛行動を行う。一夫多妻であり、縄張りの中にオスが数匹のメスを囲い込む習性がある。 繁殖形態は卵生で、10-20日間に1回の間隔で数回にわたり1、2個の卵を地中に産卵する[2]。
本種はもともと日本には生息していないが、戦後に運搬された物資に混入していたり、ペットとして飼われていたものが遺棄されたり、脱走したりした個体が沖縄島や小笠原諸島の父島、母島に帰化している[3]。導入された個体群は、ルイジアナ州からフロリダ北部のものと考えられている[1]。
小笠原諸島では、1960年代に父島にペットとして持ち込まれた[1]。その後野生化し、島全域に分布を広げている。現在では、総生息数400万匹、1ヘクタールあたりの生息密度では1000匹以上と推定されている。そのため、オガサワラシジミなど固有種を多く含む昆虫類に壊滅的被害を与えており、地上性の昆虫が地域によってはほとんど姿を消すに至っている。環境省は2004年に小笠原自然再生推進検討会を発足させ、駆除事業を徐々に開始している。現在のところ、父島、母島に生息が確認され、港湾地区に捕獲装置を設置して生息拡大阻止等を実施している[2]。 東北大学の研究グループを中心とした共同研究で、小笠原に帰化した本種が、移入元（出典元によるとフロリダ）と比較して、移入後50年の間に筋肉の発生や収縮に関わる遺伝子と食物代謝に関する遺伝子の頻度に有意な変異が生じており、外部形態でも後肢が長くなる変化が起きていることが明らかにされた。ちなみに同研究では、創始個体数は14匹から最大でも50匹であるが、保有する遺伝的変異量では移入元の半分ほどであり、複数の異なる遺伝系統に由来することにより、数から想定される遺伝的変異より大きくなったとしている。[4]
沖縄島では1989年に東風平町（現八重瀬町）で初確認され、その後那覇市で多くの個体が確認されるようになった。沖縄島での在来生物への影響は不明である[5]。
本種によって昆虫類が激減すると、昆虫による花粉媒介にも影響を及ぼすため、農作物の減収につながるのではないかという指摘もある。反面、すでに生態系の一部に組み込まれており、徹底的に駆除されると本種を餌としているオガサワラノスリやイソヒヨドリなどに影響が出るのではないかという指摘もある[2]。
以前はペットとして、またはトカゲ食の生物の餌用としても大量に輸入されていたが、2005年外来生物法により特定外来生物に指定されたため、2007年現在日本国内での本種の流通はない[3]。
日本生態学会は、本種を「日本の侵略的外来種ワースト100」に選定している。
ペットとして、またはトカゲ食の生物の餌用として世界各地に流通している。 ハワイのオアフ島では、1950年に定着が確認された。またグアム島など、ミクロネシアの諸島でも分布が確認されている。これらの島では、小笠原諸島ほど高密度に生息しておらず、今のところ侵略的な外来種とはされていない[2]。
この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（Portal:生き物と自然／プロジェクト:生物）。 グリーンアノール (Anolis carolinensis) は、爬虫綱有鱗目トカゲ亜目イグアナ科（アノールトカゲ科とする説もあり）アノールトカゲ属に分類されるトカゲ。別名アメリカカメレオン。
녹색아놀도마뱀(Green anole)은 뱀목 아놀도마뱀과의 파충류이다. 캐롤라이나아놀도마뱀(Carolina anole), 미국아놀도마뱀(American anole), '미국카멜레온'(American chameleon)으로도 부른다.(물론, 녹색아놀도마뱀은 카멜레온이 아니다.)
녹색아놀도마뱀은 중간 크기로 작은 도마뱀이다. 수컷 성체의 몸 길이는 보통 12.5-20.3cm이고, 그 중 60-70%는 꼬리로 구성되어 있다. 몸의 길이는 7.5cm까지 자라고 몸무게는 3-7g이 나간다. 머리는 길고 눈과 콧구멍 사이의 돌출부에 점이 있다. 발가락은 기어다니는 것을 쉽게하기 위한 접착 패드가 있다. 암컷의 몸 색깔이 흰색인 반면, 수컷의 목 밑에 처진 살은 암컷 및 빨간색의 3배 크기이다. 수컷은 이 목을 이용해 의사소통을 한다. 아놀도마뱀은 색을 녹색, 갈색 등으로 바꿀 수 있고, 번식기의 수컷은 서로 싸우기도 한다.
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녹색아놀도마뱀의 색 변화
녹색아놀도마뱀의 얼굴
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녹색아놀도마뱀이 턱의 살을 펼친 모습
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싸우는 녹색아놀도마뱀
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