Okanagana canadensis (Provancher 1889)

Okanagana canadensis is found in northern North America and has a distribution similar to that of Okenagana rimosa rimosa. Okanagana canadens is known from California, Colorado, Idaho, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, Vermon, and Wisconsin (U.S.A.) and Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Ontario, Quebec, and Saskatchewan (Canada). It is found in a variety of habitats including eastern deciduous forests, central plains, Rocky Mountain forests, intermountain forests, Pacific coastal/Cascadian forests, and California forests. Sanborn & Phillips (2013) reported that a specimen collected in Sambaa Deh Falls Territorial Park, Northwest Territories, was the northernmost (61°N, 120°W) cicada they were aware of . This species has been reported to use sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), cedar trees (no species given), willows (Salix spp.), cherry (Prunus spp.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) and Sanborn & Phillips (2013)collected it in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). (Sanborn & Phillips 2013)

A widespread species, no obvious concerns.

Peak adult emergence is in June (Strickland 1953).

In Alberta, this species occurs in the boreal region from Edmonton northward, and possibly also further south. This is the northernmost cicada in the world, occurring as far north as the Mackenzie River basin, NWT (Maw et al. 2000). Found from British Columbia east to New Brunswick and Quebec, south to Michigan, New York and Pennsylvania (Maw et al. 2000, Davis 1919).

A moderate-sized, predominantly black cicada with yellowish-tan markings. The combination of both narrow forewings (width:length 0.29 - 0.31) and primarily boreal distribution will segregate the Canadian Cicada from all others except Say's (O. rimosa), which is superficially very similar; to reliably separate specimens of canadensis from rimosa the structure of the tymbal must be examined, which has 10 to 11 ribs in canadensis and 7 to 8 (rarely 9) ribs in rimosa (Alexander et al. 1972). In Michigan, rimosa is marked with a brighter orange compared to the tan markings of canadensis (Alexander et al. 1972), but it is not clear if this trait holds up for Alberta populations since museum amterial is limited. There are likely habitat and song differences as well, but this data is also lacking for Alberta populations.

Dry woodlands and shrubby, south-facing slopes; prefers pine woods.

O. canadensis prefers conifer tree habitats such as pine woods in Quebec and Michigan (Davis 1919, Cooley 2001). Adults lay eggs into tree and shrub twigs. Length of immature stage unknown, but probably several years. Males perch in trees (typically one male per tree) to attract mates, with the song consisting of a broad-frequency, slightly metallic buzz (Cooley 2001). A detailed account of mating behaviour in O. canadensis is given by Cooley (2001). A portion of the male song can be heard at: cc-by-nc

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University of Alberta Museums