黑莓

Blackberry

Blackberries

Halved blackberry

Rubus fruticosus L. is the ambiguous name of a European blackberry species in the genus Rubus in the rose family. The name has been interpreted in several ways:

• The species represented by the type specimen of Rubus fruticosus L., which is also the type specimen of the genus Rubus.^[1] This specimen is considered to match the species R. plicatus, in Rubus subgenus Rubus, section Rubus.^[2][3]
• Various species consistent with Linnaeus' original description of the species, which was based on a mixture of specimens now considered to match Rubus ulmifolius and R. plicatus
• a species aggregate (group of similar species) Rubus fruticosus agg. (a nomen ambiguum) that includes most (or rarely all) of a group called Rubus subgenus Rubus^[3] (or less often: Rubus section Rubus [sensu latissimo] ^[4][5]):
  • in a narrow sense, sometimes separated as the section Glandulosus (alternative name: subsection Hiemales), with about 289 microspecies.^[3] In this sense the species aggregate does not include the type of the genus Rubus.
  • in a broad sense: (1) (i) sections Glandulosus and Rubus [sensu stricto] (in non-British systems, these two sections are classified together as section Rubus [sensu lato], section Glandulosus being called subsection Hiemales and section Rubus [sensu stricto] being called subsection Rubus)^[6][5][7] or (ii) "most of" these sections;^[8] or (2) sections Glandulosus, Rubus [sensu stricto] and Corylifolii.^[3] Section Rubus [sensu stricto] (about 20 microspecies) are probably hybrids involving members of section Glandulosus with either R. idaeus or R. allegheniensis.^[3] Section Corylifolii (about 24 microspecies) are probably hybrids involving members of section Glandulosus with R. caesius.^[3]
  • even more broadly, including all the taxa in the subgenus Rubus^[5][9]

As used by various authors

Apart from the established meaning of Rubus fruticosus L. as R. plicatus, the name R. fruticosus has been incorrectly applied to several species, including:

• Rubus fructicosus Weihe & Nees, Rubi Germ. 24, 1822 -> Rubus montanus Lib. ex Lej., Fl. Spa 2: 317, 1813 (or part of Rubus montanus) ^[10][11]
• Rubus fruticosus G.N.Jones -> Rubus vestitus Weihe ^[12]
• Rubus fruticosus L. ex Dierb. -> Rubus vulgaris Weihe & Nees ^[12]
• Rubus fruticosus Lour. -> Rubus cochinchinensis Tratt.^[12]

References