Associations
(
英語
)
由BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK提供
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / spot causer
pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph of Ascochyta impatientis causes spots on live leaf of Impatiens balsamina
Foodplant / pathogen
sporangium of Plasmopara obducens infects and damages pale green leaf of Impatiens balsamina
Foodplant / parasite
Podosphaera balsaminae parasitises Impatiens balsamina
Comments
(
英語
)
由eFloras提供
The ‘garden balsam’ or ‘touch-me-not’ is variable in the size of the plant, pubescence and colour of the flower. There are several varieties known, e.g. the red flowered var. coccinea K.&.K. (Impatiens coccinea Wall. Cat. no. 4732).
- 許可
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- 版權
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Comments
(
英語
)
由eFloras提供
The flowers and leaves are often used for coloring fingernails. The stem and seeds are used medicinally for promoting blood circulation and for relieving pain and sore throats.
- 許可
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- 版權
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
(
英語
)
由eFloras提供
Annual, 45-60 cm tall, pubescent. Leaves lanceolate, 30-90 x 10-30 mm, serrate. Flowers white, orange, pink-red or purple, 25-30 mm long, axillary, solitary or 2(-3); pedicel up to 1-5 mm long. Lateral sepals c. 1.5 mm long, ovate, sparsely ciliate; lower sepal conical, spur 10-20 mm long, curved. Capsule broadly elliptic to fusiform, 1.2-1.4 mm long, densely tomentose, pendulous. Seeds sub-globose, minutely tuberculate.
- 許可
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- 版權
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
(
英語
)
由eFloras提供
Plants annual, 60-100 cm tall. Stem erect, robust, base ca. 8 mm in diam., succulent, simple or branched, glabrous or laxly pubescent when young, with many fibrous roots, lower nodes swollen. Leaves alternate, sometimes lowest ones opposite; petiole 1-3 cm, adaxially shallowly sulcate, both sides with few pairs of stipitate glands; leaf blade lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or oblanceolate, 4-12 × 1.5-3 cm, with a pair of sessile black glands toward base, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent, lateral veins 4-7 pairs, base cuneate, margin deeply serrate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences 1-flowered, or 2 or 3 flowers fascicled in leaf axils, without peduncles. Pedicels 2-2.5 cm, densely pubescent, bracteate at base; bracts linear. Flowers white, pink, or purple, simple or double petalous. Lateral sepals 2, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 mm. Lower sepal deeply navicular, 13-19 × 4-8 mm, pubescent, abruptly narrowed into an incurved spur; spur 1-2.5 cm, slender. Upper petal orbicular, apex retuse, mucronulate, abaxial midvein narrowly carinate; lateral united petals shortly clawed, 2.3-2.5 cm, 2-lobed; basal lobes obovate-oblong, small; distal lobes suborbicular, apically retuse; auricule narrow. Stamens 5; filaments linear; anthers ovoid, apex obtuse. Ovary fusiform, densely pubescent. Capsule broadly fusiform, 1-2 cm, densely tomentose, narrowed at both ends. Seeds many, black-brown, globose, 1.5-3 mm in diam., tuberculate. Fl. Jul-Oct. 2n = 14*.
- 許可
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- 版權
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
(
英語
)
由eFloras提供
Widely cultivated, native of S.E. Asia.
- 許可
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- 版權
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
(
英語
)
由eFloras提供
Distribution: Cultivated as an ornamental in tropical and sub-tropical regions of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Malaya and also in China; introduced in Turkey and S. Europe.
- 許可
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- 版權
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Elevation Range
(
英語
)
由eFloras提供
1200-1900 m
- 許可
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- 版權
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Flower/Fruit
(
英語
)
由eFloras提供
Fl. Per.: Late August-September.
- 許可
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- 版權
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Habitat & Distribution
(
英語
)
由eFloras提供
A common ornamental plant, widely cultivated in gardens and houses throughout China [native to SE Asia; cultivated worldwide].
- 許可
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- 版權
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Synonym
(
英語
)
由eFloras提供
Balsamina hortensis Desportes (1816), not A. St.-Hilaire (1808).
- 許可
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- 版權
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Worldwide distribution
(
英語
)
由Flora of Zimbabwe提供
Native to India and Southeast Asia
- 許可
- cc-by-nc
- 版權
- Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
- 書目引用
- Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Impatiens balsamina L. Flora of Mozambique website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.mozambiqueflora.com/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=194730
- 作者
- Mark Hyde
- 作者
- Bart Wursten
- 作者
- Petra Ballings
Comprehensive Description
(
英語
)
由North American Flora提供
Impatiens balsamina L,. Sp. PI. 938. 1753. '
Balsamina femina Gaertn. Fruct. 2 : 151. 1790. Balsamina liortensts Desp. Diet. Sci. Nat. 3 : 485. 1805.
Annual ; stem 3-10 dm. high, simple, more or less pubescent, especially on the younger parts ; leaf-blades oblanceolate, acute, 5-15 cm. long, sharply serrate, sparingly hairy or glabrous, gradually tapering into the short petioles, which bear prominent glands ; flowers solitary or rarely geminate in the axils of the leaves ; pedicels 1-2 cm. long, puberulent ; lateral sepals ovate, 2-3 mm. long ; posterior sepal rose or purple, broadly conic, 5-8 mm. deep, 10-15 mm. wide, with an arcuate cylindric spur varying in length, usually thickened at the very end ; anterior petal broadly obovate, about 8-10 mm. long ; lateral and posterior petals obovate, 2-2.5 cm. long ; capsule ovoid, villous, 15-20 mm. long and about 8 mm. wide.
Type locality : India.
Distribution : Native of southern Asia ; cultivated and occasionally escaped in the United States, from Pennsylvania south ; naturalized in the West Indies.
- 書目引用
- John Kunkel Small, Lenda Tracy Hanks, Nathaniel Lord Britton. 1907. GERANIALES, GERANIACEAE, OXALIDACEAE, LINACEAE, ERYTHROXYLACEAE. North American flora. vol 25(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Impatiens balsamina
(
英語
)
由wikipedia EN提供
Impatiens balsamina, commonly known as balsam, garden balsam, rose balsam, touch-me-not[1] or spotted snapweed,[2] is a species of plant native to India and Myanmar.[1]
It is an annual plant growing to 20–75 cm tall, with a thick, but soft stem. The leaves are spirally-arranged, 2.5–9 cm long and 1–2.5 cm broad, with a deeply toothed margin. The flowers are pink, red, mauve, purple, lilac, or white, and 2.5–5 cm diameter; they are pollinated by bees and other insects, and also by nectar-feeding birds.[3] The ripe seed capsules undergo explosive dehiscence.[4]
Human use
Different parts of the plant are used as traditional remedies for disease and skin afflictions. Juice from the leaves is used to treat warts and snakebite, and the flower is applied to burns.[5] This species has been used as indigenous traditional medicine in Asia for rheumatism, fractures, and other ailments.[6] In Korean folk medicine, this impatiens species is used as a medicine called bongseonhwa dae (봉선화대) for the treatment of constipation and gastritis.[7] Chinese people used the plant to treat those bitten by snakes or who ingested poisonous fish.[8] Juice from the stalk, pulverised dried stalks, and pastes from the flowers were also used to treat a variety of ailments.[8] Vietnamese wash their hair with an extract of the plant to stimulate hair growth.[8] One in vitro study found extracts of this impatiens species, especially of the seed pod, to be active against antibiotic-resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori.[6] It is also an inhibitor of 5α-reductases, enzymes that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (active form of testosterone), thus reducing action of testosterone in our body.[9]
In Nepal, the balsam leaves are crushed to dye fingernails on the day of Shrawan Sakranti (Shrawan 1). The day is also observed as Luto Faalne Deen (Go Away-Itch Day). Similarly, in China and Korea, the flowers are crushed and mixed with alum to produce an orange dye that can be used to dye fingernails. Unlike common nail varnish, the dye is semi-permanent, requiring dyed nails to grow off over time in order to remove any traces of color.[10][11]
Chemistry
The naphthoquinones lawsone, or hennotannic acid, and lawsone methyl ether and methylene-3,3'-bilawsone are some of the active compounds in I. balsamina leaves.[12] It also contains kaempferol and several derivatives.[13] Baccharane glycosides have been found in Chinese herbal remedies made from the seeds.[14]
Ecology
It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant, and has become naturalised and invasive on several Pacific Ocean islands.[4]
In popular culture
The Japanese vocaloid song Housenka (鳳仙花, which translates to Impatiens Balsamina) describes a person who doesn't fit in with a social group despite wanting to.[15] In the music video, the singer laments this fate and compares herself to the plant. She references its "touch-me-not" nickname and the Hedgehog's Dilemma-esque explosive dehiscence of its seeds by saying:
"Don't touch me," the balsam [says], fallen silent. And yet it can't leave seeds unless it breaks from its shell.[15]
Gallery
Impatiens balsamina grown in Bangladesh.
Balsam (Impatiens balsamina) blooming in a garden in the Beechview neighborhood of Pittsburgh
Balsamic touch-me-not in Kolomenskoye park
Location taken: Brookside Gardens, Maryland.
Location taken: Brookside Gardens, Maryland
Seeds of Impatiens balsamina
Saplings of Impatiens balsamina. The cotyledons are visible.
References
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^ a b "Impatiens balsamina". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 20 April 2019.
-
^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Impatiens balsamina". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
-
^ Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
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^ a b Impatiens balsamina. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER).
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^ Plants for a Future: Impatiens balsamina
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^ a b Wang YC, Wu DC, Liao JJ, Wu CH, Li WY, Weng BC (2009). "In vitro activity of Impatiens balsamina L. against multiple antibiotic-resistant Helicobacter pylori". Am. J. Chin. Med. 37 (4): 713–22. doi:10.1142/S0192415X09007181. PMID 19655409.
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^ Park JH, Kim JM, Do WI (2003). "Pharmacognostical studies on the folk medicine bong seon wha dae". Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy. 34 (3): 193–96.
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^ a b c Christopher Cumo. "Impatiens". Encyclopedia of Cultivated Plants: From Acacia to Zinnia. Christopher Cumo, ed. ABC-CLIO, 2013. p. 523. ISBN 9781598847758
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^ Ishiguro K, Oku H, Kato T (February 2000). "Testosterone 5α‐reductase inhibitor bisnaphthoquinone derivative from Impatiens balsamina". Phytother Res. 14 (1): 54–6. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(200002)14:1<54::AID-PTR540>3.0.CO;2-Q. PMID 10641051.
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^ "Naturally dyed red nails". JoongAng Daily. 12 September 2004. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
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^ "Summer, the Way It Used to Be..." The Korea Times. 16 June 2008. Archived from the original on 16 June 2008. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
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^ Sakunphueak A, Panichayupakaranant P (2010). "Simultaneous determination of three naphthoquinones in the leaves of Impatiens balsamina L. by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography". Phytochem Anal. 21 (5): 444–50. doi:10.1002/pca.1216. PMID 20931623.
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^ Hua L, Peng Z, Chia LS, Goh NK, Tan SN (February 2001). "Separation of kaempferols in Impatiens balsamina flowers by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection". J Chromatogr A. 909 (2): 297–303. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(00)01102-X. PMID 11269529.
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^ Li HJ, Yu JJ, Li P (March 2011). "Simultaneous qualification and quantification of baccharane glycosides in Impatientis Semen by HPLC–ESI-MSD and HPLC–ELSD". J Pharm Biomed Anal. 54 (4): 674–80. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2010.10.014. PMID 21075577.
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^ a b 【Yuzuki Yukari】Balsam【Original】 (in Japanese), 2013-07-31, retrieved 2022-05-30
Impatiens balsamina: Brief Summary
(
英語
)
由wikipedia EN提供
Fruits
Impatiens balsamina, commonly known as balsam, garden balsam, rose balsam, touch-me-not or spotted snapweed, is a species of plant native to India and Myanmar.
It is an annual plant growing to 20–75 cm tall, with a thick, but soft stem. The leaves are spirally-arranged, 2.5–9 cm long and 1–2.5 cm broad, with a deeply toothed margin. The flowers are pink, red, mauve, purple, lilac, or white, and 2.5–5 cm diameter; they are pollinated by bees and other insects, and also by nectar-feeding birds. The ripe seed capsules undergo explosive dehiscence.
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Fruits 
