梯螺屬

Epitonium is a genus of small predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. Epitonium is the type genus of the family Epitoniidae, the wentletraps.^[1]

The common name wentletraps is derived from the Dutch word wenteltrap, denoting a spiral staircase. This refers to the striking form and sculpture of the shells of the mollusks in this genus, and to a lesser extent, the whole family.

The genus Epitonium has been divided in the past by some authors into several subgenera, but these subgenera were based only on shell characters and did not reflect the true underlying relationships or phylogeny.

Shell description

Epitonium shells are high-spired, and are all-white in most of the species within this genus. A few species are tinted with brown to varying degrees, or have a brown stripe on the shoulder of the whorl. The shells typically have blade-like vertical ribs, known as costae.

Habitat

Wentletraps usually live in sand near sea anemones or corals.

Life habits

These snails are predators and feed by inserting their proboscis and biting out small pieces of the anemone's tissues. Some species of wentletrap feed on only one species of sea anemone, in other words they are species-specific in terms of their prey.

Synonymised genera

Many species that now are placed in the genus Epitonium have, over the years, been classified in other genera. These have become synonyms of Epitonium :^[1]

Species

Epitonium hexagonum

Epitonium irregulare

Species within the genus Epitonium include:

Note: Some malacologists have recently placed many of the more than 600 named species into other genera, which were previously considered to be subgenera of the genus Epitonium. On the other hand, many species that belonged to subgenera of Epitonium are now included in Epitonium. These subgenera were based on details of the shell sculpture and not on molecular analysis.

Subgenera and species brought into synonymy

• Epitonium (Asperiscala) de Boury, 1909: synonym of Epitonium Röding, 1798
• Epitonium (Boreoscala) Kobelt, 1902: synonym of Boreoscala Kobelt, 1902
• Epitonium (Clathrus) : synonym of Epitonium Röding, 1798
• Epitonium (Kiiscala) Nakayama, 1995 : synonym of Cycloscala Dall, 1889
• Epitonium delicatulum (Adams H., 1869): synonym of Epitonium tenerum (H. Adams, 1873)

See also

• Wentletrap, an article about the family Epitoniidae.

References

• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Patrimoines Naturels. 50: 180-213.
• "Epitonium". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
• Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1

Epitonium est un genre de mollusques gastéropodes de la famille des Epitoniidae.

Liste des espèces

Epitonium clathratulum

Epitonium clathrum

Epitonium hexagonum

Epitonium irregulare

Epitonium scalare

Epitonium tenellum

Epitonium turtonis

Epitonium tenuicostatum

Epitonium pallasi

Selon World Register of Marine Species (19 août 2015)^[2] :

Références taxinomiques

• (en) Référence World Register of Marine Species : taxon Epitonium Röding, 1798 (+ liste espèces)
• (en) Référence Paleobiology Database : Epitonium Röding 1798
• (fr+en) Référence ITIS : Epitonium Roding, 1798
• (en) Référence Animal Diversity Web : Epitonium
• (en) Référence Catalogue of Life : Epitonium Röding, 1798 (consulté le 21 avril 2022)
• (en) Référence NCBI : Epitonium (taxons inclus)

Notes et références

Epitonium is een geslacht of van kleine predatoriale zeeslakken uit de familie Epitoniidae, de wenteltrappen.

Soorten

Het geslacht bevat de volgende soorten:

• Epitonium aculeatum (Allan, 1818)
• Epitonium albidum (d'Orbigny, 1842)
• Epitonium algerianum (Weinkauff, 1866)
• Epitonium angulatum (Say, 1830)
• Epitonium apiculatum (Dall, 1889)
• Epitonium babylonia (Dall, 1889)
• Epitonium billeeanum DuShane & Bratcher, 1965
• Epitonium blainei Clench and Turner, 1953
• Epitonium borealis
• Epitonium bucknilli Powell, 1924
• Epitonium caamanoi Dall and Bartsch, 1910
• Epitonium candeanum (d'Orbigny, 1842)
• Epitonium catalinae Dall, 1908
• Epitonium celesti (Aradas, 1854)
• Epitonium championi Clench and Turner, 1952
• Epitonium clathratulum (Kanmacher, 1798) - Witte wenteltrap
• Epitonium clathrus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Gewone wenteltrap
• Epitonium columbianum Dall, 1917
• Epitonium commune (Lamarck, 1822)
• Epitonium dallianum (A. E. Verrill and S. Smith, 1880)
• Epitonium dendrophylliae Bouchet & Warén, 1986
• Epitonium denticulatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)
• Epitonium echinaticosta (d'Orbigny, 1842)
• Epitonium eulita (Dale and Simpson, 1901)
• Epitonium evanidstriatum Zelaya & Güller, 2017
• Epitonium foliaceicosta (d'Orbigny, 1842)
• Epitonium fractum Dall, 1927
• Epitonium frielei (Dall, 1889)
• Epitonium greenlandicum (G. Perry, 1811)
• Epitonium hispidulum (Monterosato, 1874)
• Epitonium humphreysii (Kiener, 1838)
• Epitonium indianorum (Carpenter, 1864)
• Epitonium jukesianum (Fosbes, 1852)
• Epitonium krebsii (Mörch, 1874)
• Epitonium lamellosum (Lamarck, 1822)
• Epitonium linctum (De Boury & Monterosato, 1890)
• Epitonium lowei (Dall, 1906)
• Epitonium matthewsae Clench and Turner, 1952
• Epitonium minora (Iredale, 1936)
• Epitonium multistriatum (Say, 1826)
• Epitonium nautlae Morch, 1874
• Epitonium nitidella (Dall, 1889)
• Epitonium nitidum
• Epitonium novangliae (Couthouy, 1838)
• Epitonium occidentale (Nyst, 1871)
• Epitonium pandion Clench and Turner, 1952
• Epitonium phymanthi Robertson, 1994
• Epitonium polacium (Dall, 1889)
• Epitonium pourtalesii (A. E. Verrill and S. Smith, 1880)
• Epitonium perplexum (Pease, 1867)
• Epitonium pseudonanum Bouchet & Warén, 1986
• Epitonium rugosum
• Epitonium pulchellum (Ant. Bivona, 1832)
• Epitonium rupicola (Kurtz, 1860)
• Epitonium rushii (Dall, 1889)
• Epitonium sawinae (Dall, 1903)
• Epitonium scalare (Linnaeus, 1758) - Kostbare wenteltrap
• Epitonium sericifilum (Dall, 1889)
• Epitonium striatissimum (di Monterosato, 1878)
• Epitonium tenellum (Hutton, 1885)
• Epitonium tiberii (De Boury, 1890)
• Epitonium tinctum
• Epitonium tollini Bartsch, 1938
• Epitonium tryoni (De Boury, 1913)
• Epitonium turtoni (Turton, 1819) - Turtons wenteltrap
• Epitonium unifasciatum (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)

Epitonium (nomeados, em inglês, wentletraps -pl.;^[2][4] nome derivado do alemão wendeltreppe, cujo significado, traduzido para o português, é "escada em espiral", devido à forma de suas conchas,^[2][5] e assim também denominadas staircase shells ou ladder shells -pl.;^[6][7] em português - PRT -, escalárias -pl.;^[8] em castelhano, escalas ou escalarias -pl.)^[3] é um gênero de moluscos gastrópodes, marinhos e carnívoros de cnidários, pertencente à família Epitoniidae. Foi classificado por Peter Friedrich Röding, em 1798; com sua espécie-tipo, Epitonium scalare, descrita no ano de 1758 por Lineu.^[1][9][10]

Descrição da concha

Conchas em forma de torre, com espiral geralmente alta e coloração de branca a castanha em graus variados. Com abertura de circular a oval, sem canal sifonal e com o relevo de sua concha geralmente bem esculpido de lamelas ou costelas de crescimento, espaçadas, não sendo esta uma característica única deste gênero. Opérculo córneo e circular, com finas e poucas voltas espirais e com núcleo quase central.^[4][9]

• Vista superior da concha do Epitoniidae Gyroscala commutata; uma espécie que esteve denominada Epitonium lamellosum durante o século XX.^[11]

Espécies de Epitonium

Referências