定義： Submediterranean submontane-montane and oromediterranean dry grasslands and related dwarf scrub on calcareous substrates of the Iberian Peninsula, the Western Alps and the Apennines
定義： Thermophilous forest fringe and tall-herb vegetation in nutrient-poor sites in the submediterranean to subboreal zones of Europe and the Macaronesia
定義： Of plant duration, a plant whose life span extends over more than two growing seasons, c.f. annual, biennial, ephemeral, of flowering with respect to architecture, hapaxanthic, monocarpic, pleonanthic
