Lonicera maackii (lat. Lonicera maackii) - doqquzdonkimilər fəsiləsinin doqquzdon cinsinə aid bitki növü.
Şimal-Şərqi Çin, Yaponiya və Koreyada palıd və qarağac meşələrində, çay sahillərində bitir.
Kolun hündürlüyü 4 m-dir. Tünd-yaşıl rəngli yarpaqların uzunluğu 5-8 sm, yumurtavarı və ya ellipsvarıdır, şaxələnmiş çətirin diametri 3-4 m-ə çatır. Çiçəkləməsi 4-5 yaşından başlayır, mayın axırından iyunun əvvəlinə qədər və ya iyunun ikinci yarısına qədər, təxminən 7-9 gün çəkir. Çiçəkləri qıfşəkilli, ağ rəngli olub, uzunluğunu 2 sm-dir. 5-8 yaşından hər il bol meyvə verir, meyvələri avqustun ikinci yarısından sentyabrın birinci yarısınadək yetişir. Giləmeyvələri oturaq, şarşəkilli, sərbəstdir, yeməli deyil.
Qışa, kölgəyə, quraqlığa, soyuğadavamlıdır, torpağa tələbkar deyil, zərərverici və xəstəliklərə az yoluxur.
Mərkəzi Nəbatat Bağından introdusiya edilmişdir. Mədəni şəraitdə 1860-cı ildən becərilir. Abşeronda tək əkinlərdə, dekorativ qrup əkinində rast gəlinir.
Dekorativ bitki kimi istifadə edilir.
Lonicera maackii (lat. Lonicera maackii) - doqquzdonkimilər fəsiləsinin doqquzdon cinsinə aid bitki növü.
Lonicera maackii, the Amur honeysuckle, is a species of honeysuckle in the family Caprifoliaceae that is native to temperate eastern Asia; specifically in northern and western China south to Yunnan, Mongolia, Primorsky Krai in southeastern Siberia, Korea, and, albeit rare there, central and northern Honshū, Japan.[2]
Lonicera maackii is a listed endangered species in Japan.[3][4] It has escaped from cultivation and naturalized in New Zealand and the eastern United States; in the woodlands of the U.S. it is a significant invasive species.[5]
The plant is a large, deciduous shrub that grows a maximum of 6 metres (20 ft) tall with stems of a maximum of 10 centimetres (4 in) in diameter. The leaves are oppositely arranged, 5–9 centimetres (2–3+1⁄2 in) long and 2–4 centimetres (3⁄4–1+5⁄8 in) broad, with an entire margin, and with at least some rough pubescence.
The flowers are produced in pairs; they are 2 centimetres (3⁄4 in) long, have two lips, begin white and later turn yellow or pale orange in color; they bloom from middle of spring to early summer. The fruit is a bright red to black, semi-translucent berry, 2–6 millimetres (5⁄64–15⁄64 in) in diameter, that contains numerous small seeds; they ripen in autumn and are eaten by birds, which disperse the seeds in their droppings.
The species name "maackii" is derived from Richard Maack, a Russian naturalist of the 19th century.[6] Its common name "Amur honeysuckle" is from its native range surrounding the Amur River, which demarcates the border between Siberia and Manchuria.
Amur honeysuckle is cultivated as an ornamental plant for its attractive flowers and as a hedge. Many cultivars have been selected for horticulture, including "Erubescens" with pink flowers and "Rem Red" with an erect form.[7] The plant is adaptable and flourishes in a wide range of conditions. In the United States, it was planted to control erosion and to form hedges. It readily self-propagates via birds dispersing its seeds, and quickly spreads into habitats for which it has no community connectivity.[5][8][9][10][6]
It grows rapidly and prefers shady habitats such as woodland understories, neglected urban areas, and fence rows. It can form very dense thickets.[7][8][11]
The flowers are sometimes savored by children, who remove blossoms and pull off their bottoms so as to suck out the sweet nectar in the centers. The berries, on the other hand, are mildly poisonous to humans and therefore should not be consumed.
Because of the invasive nature of this species, regardless of whether it is banned locally, it is imprudent to cultivate Amur honeysuckle in climates similar to those where the species has invaded, e.g. eastern North America.[9]
Possible alternative shrubs that are also fast growing, shade tolerant, and deciduous, but not invasive in eastern US include:[6]
More native shrubs for use the Midwestern United States are listed in the pamphlet Curse of the Bush Honeysuckles!.[12]
L. maackii produces various secondary metabolites to deter insect herbivory. Cipollini et al. 2007 find seasonal variation in the levels of chlorogenic acid, apigenin, apigenin-7-glucoside, luteolin and luteolin-7-glucoside, and confirm their deterrent effect.[13]
Because of its well-documented invasiveness, propagation of this plant is illegal or controlled in some of the United States, where it is an alien species.[5][8][9][10][6] The species is named "invasive, banned" in Connecticut, "prohibited" in Massachusetts, as an invasive species in Tennessee, as an invasive species in Ohio, as a "Class B noxious weed" in Vermont, and as an invasive species in Wisconsin.[14]
It has been suggested that plants growing outside their native range, in eastern Asia, should be removed and replaced by non-invasive alternatives.[6]
In the understories of deciduous woodlands of the eastern United States it forms dense thickets, the shade of whose canopies prevent the growth of native shrubs, juvenile trees, and wild flowers.[5][8][9][10][6] Uncontrolled, these growths result in almost monocultural thickets of Amur honeysuckle.[5][8][9][10][6] The species gravely jeopardizes not only the diversity of the invaded ecosystems but even the regeneration of woodlands,[5][8][9][10][6] because it reduces the growth and diversity of native seedlings.[15] Additional studies indicate that it negatively affects birds[16] and tadpoles.[17] However, other studies have shown a mixture of positive and negative effects on birds, depending on species (McNeish and McEwan, 2016).[18] Effects on invertebrate diversity can also be negative or positive, depending on the taxonomic group (Loomis and Cameron, 2014).[19]
Even if L. maackii shrubs are removed, the affected habitat may not recover absent substantial restoration effort.[20]
The relationship between white-tailed deer and L. maackii is complex, with deer playing a significant role in consuming the berries, dispersing the seeds, and browsing the foliage; the presence of L. maackii may prevent deer from browsing understory vegetation, which can be desirable if a native understory is present, but undesirable if other invasive species dominate the understory.[18] A study conducted in the vicinity of St. Louis, Missouri in 2010 indicated that the plant increases the risk of tick-borne diseases such as Erlichiosis and Lyme disease in suburban natural areas by attracting deer and consequently increasing the presence of infected ticks. Furthermore, experimental removal of the plant was shown to reduce deer activity and the number of infected ticks by shifting ticks' blood meals from deer.[21]
The species is controlled by cutting, flaming, or burning the plant to the level of its roots and repetition of this in two-week increments until the nutrient reserves in the roots are depleted and unable to produce any new growths. To ensure eradication, herbicide may be applied to freshly cut stumps. Control by prescribed burning has been found to be most effective during the phase of seed dispersal in late summer and early autumn.[5]
It can also be controlled by annual applications of glyphosate that thoroughly saturate the foliage, or by grubbing the shallowly rooted juvenile plants, but these two methods increase labor cost and disrupt the soil. Uprooting by hand or with tools can be effective for small individuals, though it becomes difficult or impractical for larger ones.[22]
This species has been found to be a host for the leaf-mining moth Phyllonorycter emberizaepenella in North America.[23]
Lonicera maackii, the Amur honeysuckle, is a species of honeysuckle in the family Caprifoliaceae that is native to temperate eastern Asia; specifically in northern and western China south to Yunnan, Mongolia, Primorsky Krai in southeastern Siberia, Korea, and, albeit rare there, central and northern Honshū, Japan.
Lonicera maackii is a listed endangered species in Japan. It has escaped from cultivation and naturalized in New Zealand and the eastern United States; in the woodlands of the U.S. it is a significant invasive species.
Lonicera maackii también denominada Madreselva de Maack o Clemátide de Maackes una especie de planta de flores con propiedades mielíferas, perteneciente a la familia Caprifoliaceae, es una madreselva nativa del Asia templada en el norte y el oeste de China (al sur de Yunnan), Mongolia, Japón (centro y norte de Honshū, raro), Corea, y el sureste de Rusia (Primorsky Krai).[1]
Está catalogado como una de las especies amenazadas en Japón.[2][3] Se ha escapado de cultivo y se convierten en naturalizada en Nueva Zelanda y al este de Estados Unidos; en los bosques de este último, se ha convertido en una importante especies invasoras.[4]
Es un arbusto caduco que alcanza los 6 metros de altura, con tallos de hasta 10 centímetros de diámetro.[5]
Las hojas son opuestas, ovales de 5-9 cm de longitud y 2.4 cm de ancho, con un margen entero, y con al menos algunos pelos ásperos en ellos.
Las flores se producen en pares, comúnmente con varios pares agrupadas en racimos; son 2 cm de largo, de dos labios, blancas que más tarde se vuelven anaranjado amarillo o de color claro; floración es desde mediados de primavera hasta principios de verano.
El fruto es una baya translúcida de color rojo de al menos 1 cm de diámetro.
Lonicera maackii fue descrita por (Rupr.) Maxim. y publicado en Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 4: 333. 1859.[6]
El término madreselva se ha usado durante mucho tiempo para designar a las especies integrantes del género Lonicera, aunque este apelativo se aplicó primeramente para designar a la especie Lonicera caprifolium L., planta sarmentosa que se encuentra en los bosques europeos. El término Lonicera fue usado por primera vez por Linneo en el 1753 adaptando al latín el apellido "Lonitzer", en honor del botánico Lonitzer (1528-1586), médico que ejerció en Fráncfort.[7]
maackii: epíteto latino que significa "de Mack" por Richard Maack un naturalista ruso del siglo XIX.[5][8]
Algunas especímenes en el "Lonicera maackii".
Lonicera maackii también denominada Madreselva de Maack o Clemátide de Maackes una especie de planta de flores con propiedades mielíferas, perteneciente a la familia Caprifoliaceae, es una madreselva nativa del Asia templada en el norte y el oeste de China (al sur de Yunnan), Mongolia, Japón (centro y norte de Honshū, raro), Corea, y el sureste de Rusia (Primorsky Krai).
Está catalogado como una de las especies amenazadas en Japón. Se ha escapado de cultivo y se convierten en naturalizada en Nueva Zelanda y al este de Estados Unidos; en los bosques de este último, se ha convertido en una importante especies invasoras.
Lonicera maackii
Le Chèvrefeuille de Maack ou Clématite de Maack, est un arbuste de la famille des Caprifoliacées, cultivé comme plante ornementale.
Nom scientifique : Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim.
Taille : Adulte : 5m Croissance lente
port : plante vigoureuse avec un port droit érigé
Feuille : Allongée entière, ovale, opposé, avec un pétiole court, le pétiole est duveteux ainsi que le bas de la nervure.
tige : creuse
Fleur : (printemps) Blanc devenant jaune
Fruit : (automne) Baie rouge très décorative ressemblant aux groseilles
Arboretum de Chèvreloup, Rocquencourt
Originaire de la Chine et du Japon.
Naturalisée en Amérique du Nord
Emplacement : Soleil, mi ombre
Climat : Tout type
Sol : Tout type
multiplication : bouturage semi-ligneux et herbacée
Haie fleurie, en massif, solitaire
Lonicera maackii
Le Chèvrefeuille de Maack ou Clématite de Maack, est un arbuste de la famille des Caprifoliacées, cultivé comme plante ornementale.
Nom scientifique : Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim.
Koreatry (Lonicera maackii) är en art i familjen kaprifolväxter från centrala Kina till Ostasien. Bären är giftiga och ger kräkningar, ansiktsrodnad, överdriven törst och vidgade pupiller[1].
Koreatry (Lonicera maackii) är en art i familjen kaprifolväxter från centrala Kina till Ostasien. Bären är giftiga och ger kräkningar, ansiktsrodnad, överdriven törst och vidgade pupiller.
Lonicera maackii là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Kim ngân. Loài này được (Rupr.) Maxim. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1859.[1]
Lonicera maackii là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Kim ngân. Loài này được (Rupr.) Maxim. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1859.
Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim.
СинонимыЖимолость Маака (лат. Lonicera maackii) — кустарник, вид рода Жимолость семейства Жимолостные (Caprifoliaceae). В диком виде растёт в Средней Азии в северном и западном Китае, Монголии, Японии, Корее и на юго-востоке России, в Приморском крае.[2]
Видовое название растение получило в честь Ричарда Карловича Маака, русского натуралиста XIX века[3]. Этот вид иногда называют также амурской жимолостью так как впервые её экземпляры были собраны в районе реки Амур[источник не указан 3213 дней].
Раскидистый листопадный кустарник высотой до 5 м.
Побеги светло-серые, молодые с густым опушением из коротких волосков.
Листья длиной 4,5-8,5 см, супротивные, яйцевидно-эллиптической или широколанцетной формы, заострённые на конце, цельнокрайние. Верхняя сторона листовой пластинки тёмно-зелёная, нижняя светлее. Осенью становятся лиловыми или пурпурно-жёлтыми. Черешки листьев короткие.
Цветки белые, длиной до 2,5 см, со слабым приятным ароматом. Расположены парами в пазухах листьев. Время цветения — июнь.
Плоды шаровидные, тёмно-красные, диаметром около 6 мм. Содержат многочисленные мелкие семена. Созревают в августе-сентябре, долго не опадают. Несъедобны.
В некоторых областях США жимолость Маака считается нежелательным инвазивным видом и выращивание её там ограничено или запрещено [4]. Семена быстро разносятся птицами, поедающими плоды, и жимолость образует густые заросли, мешающие росту местных кустарников и других растений. Численность жимолости Маака контролируют вырубанием или выжиганием зарослей до уровня корней, а также обработкой гербицидами.
Жимолость Маака широко применяется в качестве декоративного растения в садово-парковом дизайне. Быстро растёт и образует плотные живые изгороди. Создано несколько культурных форм, например, 'Erubescens' с розовыми цветками, 'Rem Red' с прямостоячими побегами.[5].
Жимолость Маака (лат. Lonicera maackii) — кустарник, вид рода Жимолость семейства Жимолостные (Caprifoliaceae). В диком виде растёт в Средней Азии в северном и западном Китае, Монголии, Японии, Корее и на юго-востоке России, в Приморском крае.
金银忍冬(学名:Lonicera maackii)是忍冬科忍冬属的植物。分布在日本、朝鲜、俄羅斯滨海边疆区以及中国大陆多省,北起黑龙江、西至甘肃、四川、西藏、南至湖南、東南至浙江、西南至贵州、云南等地,生长于海拔1,800米至3,000米的地区,常生长在林中及林缘溪流附近的灌木丛中。