The Thompson Indians rubbed the flowers or the whole plant of Ranunculus glaberrimus on arrow points as a poison (D. E. Moerman 1986).
This description covers characteristics that may be relevant to fire ecology and is not meant for identification. Keys for identification are available (e.g., [14,18,19,20,23,33]).
Sagebrush buttercup is a perennial forb [4,18,26,50]. It typically grows 2 to 6 inches (5-15 cm) tall [19,44,46], but may grow to 10 inches (26 cm) tall [18]. The stems are erect to prostrate, 2 to 8 inches (5-20 cm) long [14,19], and do not root at the nodes [19,26,50]. Sagebrush buttercup has a cluster of fleshy [4,14,18,19,26], fibrous [4] roots 2 to 3 mm thick [14,19]. The mostly basal leaves are broad and rounded or ovate, with margins entire to lobed [14,19,20]. When present, the cauline leaves are generally dissected into 2 or 3 lobes [14,18,50]. The 5 sepals are commonly purplish-tinged [4,19,26]. The flowers occur singly, are 10 to 20 mm in diameter, and have 5 yellow petals [4]. Flowers in the Ranunculus genus are perfect [14,50]. Each sagebrush buttercup achene contains one seed [4]. From 30 to 180 achenes [4,14,19,50] occur in a semiglobose cluster at the top of the flower stalk. Achenes are slightly winged ventrally [14].
The main differences in appearance between the varieties are related to leaf shape [19,42]. Elliptical buttercup has entire, elliptic to oblanceolate basal leaves, while the typical variety has ovate to obovate, shallowly lobed basal leaves [14,17,19,26,33,48,50]. Variability between the 2 varieties makes distinguishing them difficult, especially in areas such as west-central Montana, where numerous transition forms occur [26].
Sagebrush buttercup is native to the United States and Canada. It occurs in portions of all the western United States east to Nebraska, the Dakotas [8,14,19,26,50], and from British Columbia [14,20] to southern Saskatchewan [42]. Elliptical buttercup is more widespread in the eastern areas of this distribution and may be the only variety that occurs in Colorado [23,48,49] and North Dakota [23,36]. Kartesz [23] considers the typical variety absent from Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Nebraska, Wyoming, North Dakota, Saskatchewan and Alberta. However, other floras do not describe such a restricted range for the typical variety. For instance, Munz and Keck [36] list the typical variety in New Mexico and Nebraska.
States and provinces [45]:
United States: AZ, CA, CO, ID, MT, ND, NE, NM, NV, OR, SD, UT, WA, WY
Canada: AB, BC, SK
Fire adaptations: Little is known about the adaptations of sagebrush buttercup to fire. It is known to sprout in response to disturbance [9,53]. Wrobleski [53] categorized sagebrush buttercup as a species that can "endure" fire.
Plant response to fire: Relatively little is known about the manner in which sagebrush buttercup responds to fire, but it likely sprouts from the roots after fire. Postfire establishment from seed is also possible, although to date (2012), no information on sagebrush buttercup's ability to establish from seed was available (see Regeneration Processes).
In a western Montana study, sagebrush buttercup was present on first-year burn plots in grassland communities, while absent from adjacent unburned plots [35]. It was listed as occurring in vegetation that develops after fire or clearcutting in lodgepole pine in southern Wyoming [31]. In a Wyoming big sagebrush site in central Oregon, cover of perennial forbs, including sagebrush buttercup, recovered to prefire levels by the 2nd year after a fall prescribed fire. Differences in perennial forb cover between burned and unburned control plots were not significant. Crude protein levels of perennial forbs on this site were significantly higher on the burned site than on the control in the 2nd postfire year (P=0.011) but not in later years [40].
Sagebrush buttercup contributes little to fuels and is a component of communities with varied FIRE REGIMES.
FIRE REGIMES: Because sagebrush buttercup occurs in a variety of communities, it is subject to many different FIRE REGIMES ranging from surface fires every 8 to 10 years in some ponderosa pine woodlands to stand-replacement fires every few hundred years in certain lodgepole pine stands (see the Fire Regime Table). The fire seasons in these communities vary as well. Generally, the start of the fire season in the western United States occurs earlier than it did historically, primarily because of increased spring temperatures and earlier snow melts [3,51]. In 1970 the start of the first large wildfire (>1,000 acres (400 ha)) on Forest Service lands in the western states was in May. Since then, the first large fire has tended to occur earlier, with the first large wildfire in 2010 starting in March [3]. For information on FIRE REGIMES of communities were sagebrush buttercup occurs, see the Fire Regime Table and FEIS reviews of dominant species such as Pacific and interior ponderosa pines, Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine, Wyoming big sagebrush, and mountain big sagebrush. Find further fire regime information for the plant communities in which this species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under "Find FIRE REGIMES".
Sagebrush buttercup provides food to several wildlife species in early spring.
Palatability and nutritional value: The various parts of buttercups (Ranunculus) are eaten by many wildlife species including ducks, upland game birds, small mammals, and hoofed browsers [32]. Wildlife species generally use sagebrush buttercup early in the year because palatability decreases as it matures [44] and more preferred forage species are not yet available [8]. Sagebrush buttercup is a component of the sharp-tailed [12] and greater sage-grouse [15] diets. In southeastern Oregon and northwestern Nevada, sagebrush buttercup occurred in more than 15% of preincubating female greater sage-grouse crops from mid-March to mid-April, although it never comprised more than 3% of the aggregate percent dry mass. Sagebrush buttercup had high levels of calcium and phosphorus compared to low sagebrush (Artemisia arbuscula) [15]. In Montana, sagebrush buttercup comprised up to 3% of the volume of mule deer diets [21,52] and was present in 17% of mule deer rumens collected in spring [21]. Sagebrush buttercup was ranked as a low-quality elk food in spring and summer in the Gallatin River drainage of southern Montana [25] and excellent forage for pronghorn in Nevada (Einarsen 1948 cited in [16]). In contrast, ratings for elliptical buttercup for livestock and wildlife in the western United States were generally only poor to fair [9].
Domestic livestock eat sagebrush buttercup during the early spring, although plants are usually gone before these animals reach the range [44]. All species of Ranunculus have an "acrid taste" and, depending on the species, plant part, and season, may be toxic to cattle and horses. The toxic substances are volatile, however, and are dissipated during the drying process, which renders them nontoxic in hay [44].
Cover value: Due to its small stature, prostrate growth form, and patchy distribution, sagebrush buttercup provides little cover for wildlife.
Lynne Robinson, www.rickandlynne.com
Sagebrush buttercup is a cool-season species that flowers in early spring [44,46,47,48,49]. It is the first flower of spring throughout most of its range. Flowering generally begins in March [29] or April, but the length of flowering is variable [9]. It has flowered as early as January near Reno, Nevada [8], and in west-central Montana [26]. Growth is generally completed by midsummer [44].
Timing of flowering may be influenced by weather conditions including temperature and snow fall the previous winter. Sagebrush buttercup was 1 of 8 species that exhibited earlier (P<0.017) flowering over the course of a study that ran from 1995 to 2008 [29], a period of increasing average temperatures (IPCC 2007b cited in [29]). The amount of snowfall in the previous January and December was negatively associated (P=0.007) with average first-flowering date of the 8 species. March temperatures were also significantly (P=0.021) associated with mean first-flowering date of the 8 species, with first-flowering increasing by 1.5 days with every 1 °C increase in temperature [29]. In a big sagebrush/bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata) community in southern British Columbia, growth of sagebrush buttercup and 4 other spring ephemerals was completed 1 month earlier in a year with a dry April compared to the previous year, in which April precipitation was above average [37].
Sagebrush buttercup is fairly widespread throughout its range and occurs in a number of plant communities from low-elevation sagebrush (Artemisia spp.)-grasslands to alpine meadows. Its elevation ranges from less than 900 feet (270 m) in California to over 10,000 feet (3,050 m) in Colorado and Wyoming [9]. See Table 1 for information on occurrence at varying elevations across its range.
Site characteristics: The 2 varieties seldom occur on the same site [19]. The typical variety grows on drier sites and at lower elevations [8]. In west-central Montana, the typical variety is most common in dry, open valleys and foothills [26]. Elliptical buttercup occurs in more montane areas [19,26].
Table 1: Elevational ranges of the 2 sagebrush buttercup varieties by state. Dashes mean no information is available for that location and/or variety. State General elevation Typical variety Elliptical buttercup California about 5,000 feetSagebrush buttercup grows on sandy [4,24,36] or loamy soils [8].Growth on clay is described as fair to good, and growth on gravel as fair to poor. Optimum soil depth is 20 inches (51 cm) or more [9]. In southern Alberta, sites with sagebrush buttercup had well-drained soils [4].
In New Mexico sagebrush buttercup was described as occurring on wet ground [33], and in southeastern Washington and adjacent Idaho it might be abundant in moist places in the early spring [47]. In southern Alberta, sites with sagebrush buttercup were mesic [4].
Plant communities: Sagebrush buttercup is common throughout many plant communities including open woodlands [41], shrublands [5,34], grasslands [4,5,6,34], and subalpine [41] and alpine [42] meadows. It is most often associated with ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)[7,11,14,19,50] and sagebrush communities [5,18,19,20,24,31,36,48,50], including those dominated by Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata subsp. wyomingensis) [53] and mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata subsp. vaseyana) [13]. It is also present in woodland and forested communities comprised of fir and spruce (Abies-Picea spp.) [8], Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesia) [7,50], lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) [39,50], juniper (Juniperus spp.) [19], or quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) [31,48,50].
The typical variety most commonly grows in lowland valleys in sagebrush and grassland communities or in parklands or open woodlands, while elliptical buttercup generally occurs in higher-elevation communities [18,19,24,36] such as upland sagebrush [19,24,36], mountain meadows [24,36], and montane coniferous forests [36]. These forests may be dominated by ponderosa pine [19,24], juniper [19], Jeffrey pine (P. jeffreyi), fir, and/or spruce [8].
See the Fire Regime Table for a list of plant communities in which sagebrush buttercup may occur and information on the FIRE REGIMES associated with those communities.The scientific name of sagebrush buttercup is Ranunculus glaberrimus Hook. (Ranunculaceae). Recognized varieties are as follows [10,19,30]:
Ranunculus glaberrimus var. ellipticus (Greene) Green, elliptical buttercup
Ranunculus glaberrimus var. glaberrimus, typical variety
Ranunculus glaberrimus (lat. Ranunculus glaberrimus) — qaymaqçiçəyikimilər fəsiləsinin qaymaqçiçəyi cinsinə aid bitki növü.
İkiləpəlilər ilə əlaqədar bu məqalə qaralama halındadır. Məqaləni redaktə edərək Vikipediyanı zənginləşdirin. Ranunculus glaberrimus (lat. Ranunculus glaberrimus) — qaymaqçiçəyikimilər fəsiləsinin qaymaqçiçəyi cinsinə aid bitki növü.
Ranunculus glaberrimus, the sagebrush buttercup,[1] is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae. It is native to interior western North America, in western Canada, the western United States, and the northwestern Great Plains.
Ranunculus glaberrimus is found from central British Columbia east to southern Saskatchewan, south through the Dakotas to Kansas, through the Rocky Mountains southeast to northern New Mexico, west to the Great Basin region, and southwest to northeastern California.
It occurs in habitat types with junipers (Juniperus occidentalis), sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) and bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata), in damp ground.[2][3][4] It flowers relatively early.[4]
Ranunculus glaberrimus is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 4–15 centimetres (1+1⁄2–6 in) tall. The roots are clustered and fleshy.[4] The somewhat thick basal leaves are oval, with long petioles, ranging from entire to having three deep lobes. Cauline leaves have short petioles but are otherwise similar. The flowers have four to ten yellow petals (usually five)[4] about 1 cm long.[5] The sepals are yellow-purple,[4] and the stamens and pistils are numerous.[5]
The species is reportedly toxic to livestock and possibly to humans as well.[6]
Flowers and flower buds
Emerging through snow
Group of plants on Olympic Peninsula
Ranunculus glaberrimus, the sagebrush buttercup, is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae. It is native to interior western North America, in western Canada, the western United States, and the northwestern Great Plains.
Renoncule d'armoise
Ranunculus glaberrimus, la Renoncule d'armoise, est une espèce de plantes à fleurs de la famille des Ranunculaceae et qui est originaire de l'Ouest du Canada, de l'Ouest des États-Unis et du Nord-Ouest des Grandes Plaines.
Ranunculus glaberrimus est une plante herbacée vivace atteignant 4 à 15 cm de hauteur. Ses feuilles basales, un peu épaisses, sont ovales, avec de longs pétioles, allant d'entiers à trois lobes profonds. Ses feuilles caulinaires ont des pétioles courts mais sont par ailleurs similaires. Les fleurs ont cinq à dix pétales jaunes jusqu'à 1,3 cm de longueur. Les étamines et les pistils sont nombreux.
L'espèce serait toxique pour le bétail et peut-être aussi pour les humains.
Selon Tropicos (19 septembre 2021)[2] :
Renoncule d'armoise
Ranunculus glaberrimus, la Renoncule d'armoise, est une espèce de plantes à fleurs de la famille des Ranunculaceae et qui est originaire de l'Ouest du Canada, de l'Ouest des États-Unis et du Nord-Ouest des Grandes Plaines.
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Ranunculus glaberrimus Hook. – gatunek rośliny z rodziny jaskrowatych (Ranunculaceae Juss.). Występuje naturalnie w klimacie umiarkowanym Ameryki Północnej[3][4][5].
Rośnie naturalnie w Ameryce Północnej. W Kanadzie występuje w południowych częściach prowincji Alberta, Kolumbia Brytyjska oraz Saskatchewan. W Stanach Zjednoczonych rośnie w stanach Kolorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Waszyngton, Wyoming, w północnej części Arizony, północno-wschodniej Kalifornii, w Nevadzie, Utah, północno-zachodniej Nebrasce oraz zachodnich częściach Dakoty Południowej i Północnej[5].
Rośnie na łąkach i trawiastych zboczach. Występuje na wysokości od 500 do 3600 m n.p.m. Dzieli środowisko między innymi z sosną żółtą (Pinus ponderosa) oraz z gatunkami bylicy (Artemisia). Kwitnie od marca do lipca[4]. Preferuje stanowiska w pełnym nasłonecznieniu. Dobrze rośnie na wilgotnym, żyznym i dobrze przepuszczalnym podłożu[7][6].
Wszystkie części rośliny są lekko trujące w stanie świeżym. Toksyny są niszczone przez obróbkę cieplną i suszenie. Roślina ma również silnie kwaśny sok, który może powodować powstawanie pęcherzy na skórze. Połknięcie powoduje pieczenie w ustach, bóle brzucha, wymioty oraz krwawe biegunki. Kontakt skóry z sokiem może powodować jej zaczerwienienie, pieczenie i powstawanie pęcherzy. Za te właściwości odpowiada toksyczna protoanemonina, uwolniona z ranunkuliny glikozydowej. Jednak by zaobserwować poważne efekty toksyczne, potrzebne jest spożycie jej większej ilości[6].
Indianie z plemion Nlaka'pamux i Syilx wytwarzali z gatunku R. glaberrimus truciznę, którą później pokrywali groty strzał. Ponadto członkowie plemienia Syilx suszone lub rozgniecione świeże okazy tej rośliny umieszczali w kawałkach mięsa, które służyły jako zatrute przynęty dla kojotów[4][6].
W medycynie ludowej plemię Syilx używało okładów z rozgniecionych całych roślin do uśmierzania bólu stawów i bóli wszelkiego rodzaju. Plemię Nlaka'pamux z rozgniecionych kwiatów tego gatunku wykonywało okłady na brodawki, w celu podrażnienia skóry[6].
W obrębie tego gatunku wyróżniono jedną odmianę[2]:
Ranunculus glaberrimus Hook. – gatunek rośliny z rodziny jaskrowatych (Ranunculaceae Juss.). Występuje naturalnie w klimacie umiarkowanym Ameryki Północnej.
Це незавершена стаття про Жовтецеві.
