Isopterygium tenerum Mitten 1869

Isopterygium tenerum

Isopterygium tenerum (Sw.) Mitt., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 12:499, 1869.

Hypnum tenerum Sw., Fl. Intl. Occ. 3:1817, 1806. [Original material: Jamaica, coll. Swartz.]

Hypnum micans Sw., Adnot. Bot. 175, 1829. [Original material: North America, coll. Mühlenberg.]

Hypnum fulvum Hook. & Wils. in Drumm., Musci Bor. Am. ed. 2, n. 110, 1841, hom. illeg. [Original material: Louisiana, coll. Drummond.]

Hypnum albulum C. Müll., Syn. 2:280, 1851. [Original material: Near Montgomery, Alabama, coll. Sullivant.]

Hypnum chapmanni Duby, Flora 58:285, 1875. [Original material: Florida, coll. Chapmann.]

Rhaphidostegium ludovicianum Ren. & Card., Rev. Bryol. 20:21, 1893. [Original material: Cloutierville, Louisiana, coll. A. B. Langlois n. 210, Sept. 1886.]

Plagiothecium groutii Card. & Ther., Bot. Gaz. 37:379, 1904. [Original material: Hempstead, New York (as Delaware), coll. A. J. Grout, Dec. 1899.]

Isopterygium fernandezianum Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez 2:440, 1924. [Original material: Centinela Ridge, 530 m, Mas a Tierra, coll. C. & I. Skottsberg n. 479.]

Isopterygium drummondii Crum, Steere & Anders., Bryologist 68:434, 1964, based on Hypnum fulvum Hook. & Wils.

Plants in thin mats with stems 2–3 cm long, stems with leaves ca. 1.5 mm wide; uniseriate pseudoparaphyllia present. Leaves not or scarcely imbricated; 2 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, lanceolate, slightly asymmetric, very narrowly acute; margin in distal half slightly but sharply serrulate; cells of lamina 6–7 urn wide, 100–150 μm long, slightly sinuous; a series of shorter cells ca. 25 μm long at base; 3–4 short alar cells. Autoicous. Setae 0.5–1.5 cm long. Capsule horizontal, oval.

MAS A TIERRA: Trail to Plazoleta del Yunque, 150–200 m, K. 334/5b (B); W slope, Cordón Salsipuedes, 1700–2000 ft, H. & E. 7d; trail to Portezuelo de Villagra, 1400–1800 ft, H. & E. 14; below E face, El Yunque, ca. 1600 ft, H. & E. 528.

The species is known from the eastern United States, Mexico, the West Indies, Central and South America, and Asia. Ireland (1969) suggests other tropical American species that will probably prove synonyms. For the present, I add only I. fernandezianum, which Brotherus did compare with I. tenerum but considered to be more robust.

Isopterygium tenerum

Isopterygium tenerum (Sw.) Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot.12: 499. 1869. Hypnum tenerum Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 3: 1817. 1806; Isothecium tenerum (Sw.) Brid., Bryol. Univ. 2: 385. 1827. Type: Jamaica. Swartz 2719 (holotype: S!; isotypes: BM!, C!).

Hypnum micans Sw., Adnot. Bot. 175. 1829; Rhynchostegium micans (Sw.) Austin, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordville) 1: 30. 1875; Isopterygium micans (Sw.) Kindb., Enum. Bryin. Exot. 21. 1888; Plagiothecium micans (Sw.) Paris, Index Bryol. 963. 1896. Type: North America [Pennsylvania, Lancaster Co.?]. Muhlenberg 166 (lectotype, selected here, PH!; no material found at S).

Hypnum splendidulum Hornsch., Fl. Bras. 1(2): 77. 1840; Isopterygium splendidulum (Hornsch.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(3): 1081. 1908. Type: Brazil. In Serra dos Orgãos, Feb, Beyrich s.n. (lectotype: BM!, designated by Ireland, 1991a).

Hypnum fulvum Hook. & Wilson in Drumm., Musci Amer., S. States 110. 1841, hom. illeg.; Plagiothecium fulvum A. Jaeger, Ber. Thätigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1876–77: 450. 1878 (new name); Isopterygium fulvum (A. Jaeger) Kindb., Canad. Rec. Sci. 6(2): 72. 1894; Plagiothecium micans var. fulvum (A. Jaeger) Paris, Index Bryol. 963. 1896. Type: Louisiana. Drummond, Musci Amer., S. States 110 (isotypes: NY!, WTU!).

Hypnum brachyneuron Müll. Hal., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 3: 109. 1845; Isopterygium brachyneuron (Müll. Hal.) Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 12: 498. 1869. Type: Brazil. Santa Catarina: Sep–Oct 1864, Pabst s.n. (isotype: H!)

Hypnum curvicolle Müll. Hal., Syn. Musc. Frond. 2: 684. 1851, “curvicollum”; Isopterygium curvicolle (Müll. Hal.) Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 12: 498. 1869; Isopterygium curvicolle var. majus Broth. in E. Bauer, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 55: 576, 578. 1905, Rev. Bryol. 32: 11. 1905. nom. nud. Type: Brazil. Santa Catarina: Apr and May 1847, Pabst s.n. (isotypes: H!, JE!).

Hypnum leucophyllum Hampe in Müll. Hal., Syn. Musc. Frond. 2: 280. 1851; Isopterygium leucophyllum (Hampe) Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 12: 499. 1869. Type: Chile. On trees, without specific locality and collector (holotype: BM!).

Hypnum hospitans Hampe, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 5, 5: 313. 1866; Isopterygium hospitans (Hampe) A. Jaeger, Ber. Thätigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1876–77: 434. 1878. Type: Colombia. Tequendama, Aug 1863, Lindig s.n. (holotype: BM!; isotype: M!).

Hypnum cordovense Müll. Hal., Linnaea 38: 652. 1874; Isopterygium cordovense (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger, Ber. Thätigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1876–77: 436. 1878. Type: Mexico. Cordova, Sep 1857, Mohr s.n. (isotypes: NY!, US!).

Hypnum leptomiton Müll. Hal., Linnaea 38: 652. 1874; Isopterygium leptomiton (Müll. Hal.) A. Jaeger, Ber. Thätigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1876–77: 436. 1878. Type: Guatemala. Bernoulli s.n. (isotypes: BM!, H!).

Hypnum laxum Hampe, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhhavn ser. 3, 6: 166. 1875, hom. illeg. non P. Beauv. 1805; Ectropothecium laxum A. Jaeger, Ber. Thätigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1877–78: 266. 1880 (new name); Isopterygium laxum (A. Jaeger) Broth., Bih. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 21 Afd. 3(3): 56. 1895. Type: Brazil. Vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 7197 (holotype: BM!; isotypes: H!, JE!).

Hypnum divaricatulum Müll. Hal. ex Hampe, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn ser. 3, 6: 167. 1875; Isopterygium divaricatulum (Hampe) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(3): 1081. 1908. Type: Brazil. Vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 5611 (holotype: BM!; isotypes: H!, JE!, NY!).

Hypnum lamprophyllum Hampe, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn ser. 3, 6: 167. 1875, hom. illeg. non (Mitt.) Müll. Hal. 1874; Ectropothecium lamprophyllum A. Jaeger, Ber. Thätigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1877–78: 266. 1880 (new name); Isopterygium lamprophyllum (A. Jaeger) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. l(3): 1081. 1908. Type: Brazil. Vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 6357 (holotype: BM!; isotype: H!).

Ectropothecium clandestinum Ångstr., Öfvers. Förh. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. 33(4): 43. 1876; Isopterygium clandestinum (Ångstr.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(3): 1081. 1908. Type: Brazil. Caldas, Jun 1854, G.A. Lindberg s.n. (isotypes: BM!, H!).

Isopterygium streptopodium Besch., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. sér. 6, 3: 257. 1876. Type: Guadeloupe. Chemin de la Soufrière, Husnot, exsiccata no. 184 (holotype: BM!).

Hypnum brachystelium Hampe, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn ser. 4, 1: 139. 1879; Isopterygium brachystelium (Hampe) Kindb., Enum. Bryin. Exot. 100. 1891. Type: Brazil. Near Novo Friburgo, Beyrich s.n. (holotype: BM!).

Hypnum citrinum Hampe, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn ser. 4, 1: 142. 1879; Isopterygium citrinum (Hampe) Kindb., Enum. Bryin. Exot. 100. 1891. Type: Brazil. Serra dos Orgãos, collector Beyrich? (holotype: BM!).

Hypnum cacti Müll. Hal., Linnaea 42: 437. 1879; Isopterygium cacti (Müll. Hal.) Kindb., Enum. Bryin. Exot. 20. 1888. Type: Argentina. Concepción del Uruguar, Quinta del Colegio, Apr 1876, Lorentz s.n. (isotypes: H!, JE!).

Hypnum eutrypherum Müll. Hal., Linnaea 42: 497. 1879; Isopterygium eutrypherum (Müll. Hal.) Paris, Index Bryol. 707. 1897. Type: Venezuela. Near Colonian Tovar, Fendler 153 (isotypes: BM!, H!).

Hypnum restitutum Hampe, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn ser. 4, 1: 141. 1879; Isopterygium restitutum (Hampe) Kindb., Enum. Bryin. Exot. 100. 1891. Type: Brazil. Vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 7163 (lectotype: BM!, designated by Ireland, 1991a); Glaziou 7455 (syntype: H!).

Hypnum chlorosum Hampe, Flora 64: 414. 1881; Isopterygium chlorosum (Hampe) Paris, Index Bryol. 706. 1897. Type: Brazil. Near Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 11733 (holotype: BM!; isotype: H!).

Isopterygium subtenerum Besch., J. Bot. 5: 348. 1891. Type: Paraguay. Cordillère de Péribébui, Balansa 3690 (holotype: BM!; isotype: MICH!).

Isopterygium guarapense Besch., J. Bot. 5: 349. 1891. Type: Paraguay. Guarapi, Balansa 3619 (possible holotype: BM!; isotype: H!).

Plagiothecium radicisetum Müll. Hal., Malpighia 10: 515. 1896; Isopterygium radicisetum (Müll. Hal.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(3): 1082. 1908. Type. Guyana. Georgetown, near Marshall Falls on the Mazaruni River, 1895, Quelch s.n. (isotype: BM!).

Taxicaulis adflatus Müll. Hal., Hedwigia 36: 115. 1897; Isopterygium adflatum (Müll. Hal.) Paris, Index Bryol. Suppl. 217. 1900. Type: Argentina. Tucumanensis, near Tucumán, Mar 1872, Lorentz s.n. (isotype: H!).

Taxicaulis cylindraceus Müll. Hal., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. n.s. 4: 151. 1897; Isopterygium cylindraceum (Müll. Hal.) Paris, Index Bryol. Suppl. 218. 1900. Type: Bolivia. Cochabamba, near Choquecamata, Jun 1889, Germain s.n. (isotype: H!).

Taxicaulis trichopelma Müll. Hal., Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 210. 1897; Isopterygium trichopelma (Müll. Hal.) Paris, Index Bryol. Suppl. 221. 1900. Type: Guatemala. Alta Vera Paz, Pansanala, Dec 1887, von Türckheim s.n. (holotype: BM!).

Taxicaulis weigeltii Müll. Hal., Hedwigia 37: 252. 1898, “weigelti”; Isopterygium weigeltii (Müll. Hal.) Broth., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(3): 1081. 1908. Type: Surinam. Weigelt s.n. (possible isotype: H!).

Taxicaulis rufisetulus Müll. Hal., Hedwigia 37: 253. 1898; Isopterygium rufisetulum (Müll. Hal.) Paris, Index Bryol. Suppl. 220. 1900. Type: Cuba. Wright, coll. III, no. 96 (possible isotype: H!).

Taxicaulis araneosetus Müll. Hal., Hedwigia 37: 255. 1898; Isopterygium araneosetum (Müll. Hal.) Paris, Index Bryol. Suppl. 218. 1900, “araucosetum.” Type: Trinidad. Near Maroval, Jul 1847, Crüger s.n. (possible isotype: H!).

Isopterygium callochlorum Broth., Bih. Kongl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 26 Afd. 3(7): 46. 1900. Type: Paraguay. Santo Antonio, colonia “Elisa,” Lindman 231b (holotype: H!).

Microthamnium angustirete Broth., Bih. Kongl. Svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 26 Afd. 3(7): 48. 1900; Isopterygium angustirete (Broth.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(3): 1082. 1908. Type: Brazil. Rio Grande do Sul: S. Leopoldo, Lindman 115 (holotype: H!).

Plagiothecium bromeliophilum Müll. Hal., Hedwigia 40: 59. 1901; Isopterygium bromeliophilum (Müll. Hal.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(3): 1082. 1908. Type: Brazil. Santa Catarina: Tubarão, near Conconhaz, Ule 769 (isotype: H!).

Plagiothecium aurantiacum Müll. Hal., Hedwigia 40: 60. 1901; Isopterygium aurantiacum (Müll. Hal.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(3): 1082. 1908. Type: Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Restinga de Maua, Ule 2145 (isotypes: FH!, H!).

Plagiothecium flaviusculum Müll. Hal., Hedwigia 40: 59. 1901; Isopterygium flaviusculum (Müll. Hal.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(3): 1082. 1908. Type: Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Restinga de Maua, Ule 1941 (isotypes: BM!, JE!, MO!).

Taxicaulis bahiense Müll. Hal., Hedwigia 40: 59. 1901; Isopterygium bahiense (Müll. Hal.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(3): 1081. 1908. Type: Brazil. Bahia: Salzmann s.n. (possible isotype: H!).

Taxicaulis afflictus Müll. Hal., Hedwigia 40: 68. 1901; Isopterygium afflictum (Müll. Hal.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(3): 1083. 1908. Type: Brazil. Goyaz, near Mossamedes, Ule 1616 (isotype: US!).

Taxicaulis ammophilus Müll. Hal., Hedwigia 40: 66. 1901; Isopterygium ammophilum (Müll. Hal.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(3): 1081. 1908. Type: Brazil. Santa Catarina: Campo de Jaguarone, Laguna, Ule 780 (isotypes: H!, M!).

Taxicaulis fabroniiformis Müll. Hal., Hedwigia 40: 69. 1901; Isopterygium fabroniiforme (Müll. Hal.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(3): 1083. 1908, “fabroniaeforme.” Type: Brazil. Goyaz, near Mossamedes, Ule 1617 (isotypes: NY!, US!).

Plagiothecium pseudotenerum Broth. & Kindb. ex Kindb., Rev. Bryol. 28: 54. 1901; Isopterygium pseudotenerum (Broth. & Kindb.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(3): 1082. 1908. Type: Colombia. Near Bonda, vicinity of Santa Marta, Dec 1898, Baker s.n. (holotype: S!; isotype: MO!).

Isopterygium peruvianum Broth., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 56 (Beibl. 123): 21. 1920. Type: Peru. Sandia Province, Churchusmayo, 7 Jul 1902, Weberbauer s.n. (holotype: H!).

Isopterygium fernandezianum Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez 2(12): 440. 1924. Type: Juan Fernandez Islands, Mas a Tierra, C. & I. Skottsberg 479 (holotype: H!).

Isopterygium fernandezianum var. longisetum Broth. in Skottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez 2(12): 440. 1924. Type: Juan Fernandez Islands, Mas a Tierra, Valle Colonial, Quebrada seca, C. & I. Skottsberg 487 (lectotype: H!, designated by Ireland, 1991a); Cordón Salsipuedes, C. & I. Skottsberg 480 (syntype, H!); Valle Anson, near Plazoleta, C. & I. Skottsberg 491 (syntype: H!).

Isopterygium brachyneuroides Broth., Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr. 83: 327. 1926. Type: Brazil. São Paulo: On island “Ilha Comprida,” near Iguape, Schiffner 362 (holotype: H!; isotype: BM!).

Isopterygium diminutivum E. B. Bartram, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 581. 1928, “dimunitivum.” Type: Mexico. State of Jalisco, Túxpan, Mexía 1028a (holotype: US!; isotype: FH!).

Plants in thin to dense mats, whitish green to yellow-green. Stems 1–2 cm long, rarely 3 cm, 0.5–1.5(–3) mm wide, often complanate-foliate, simple or irregularly branched. Asexual reproductive bodies sometimes present on stems, uniseriate, multicellular, simple or branched, often more than 0.5 mm long, green or brown, cells papillose. Leaves 0.7–1.2 mm long, 0.2–0.5 mm wide, flaccid, close, complanate, erect-spreading, often secund at the tips, smooth, ovate to lanceolate, often asymmetric, acuminate; margins plane, serrate to serrulate above the leaf middle, serrulate to entire below, rarely entire throughout; costa none or weak, short and double; median cells 38–132 × 5–12 μm, smooth; alar cells short-rectangular to quadrate or transversely elongate, in small groups

with 1–5 cells on margins. Autoicous. Setae (0.3–)0.5–1.2 (–2.2) cm long, yellow to reddish brown; capsules 0.5–1.5 mm long, cernuous or rarely erect, curved or sometimes straight, ovoid to ellipsoid, usually strongly contracted below the mouth when dry; operculum conic-apiculate to obliquely short-rostrate; peristome teeth up to 0.2 mm long. Spores 9–14 μm in diameter.

Distribution and ecology: Throughout the West Indies and from Mexico to northern Argentina and Uruguay (Figures 18, 22, 23, 25); also known from eastern North

America and recently reported from South Africa (Ochyra and Ireland, 2004). Recently, Matteri and Schiavone (2002) reported the species from the southern part of Argentina in the Tierra del Fuego region. An extremely common species often occurring in forests on tree trunks, rotting logs and stumps, woody debris, humus, soil banks, and rock, especially sandstone and limestone; sometimes in swamps, humid grasslands and on river banks, primarily at low elevations from sea level to 500 m but known to occur up to 3200 m.

Discussion: Isopterygium tenerum is not only the most common species of Isopterygium in Latin America, as it is throughout the world, but it is also the most variable. Its polymorphism undoubtedly explains the large number of taxa that have been included here in its synonymy. Carl Müller alone described 21 of the 45 taxa the senior author has recognized as synonyms from various Latin America localities.

In its typical form, the species is best distinguished by the usually complanate, medium-sized plants with stems 1–2 cm long, 0.5–1.5 mm wide, leaves 0.7–l.2 mm long, ovate-lanceolate, asymmetric, acuminate, close, erect-spreading, alar cells in small groups of short-rectangular to quadrate or transversely elongate cells, asexual reproductive bodies sometimes present on stems, filamentous, multicellular, the cells papillose; setae 0.5–1.2 cm long, rarely up to 2.2 cm, and capsules 0.5–1.5 mm long, ovoid to ellipsoid, inclined to horizontal, usually strongly contracted below the mouth when dry.

Pterogonidium pulchellum (Hook.) Müll. Hal. in Broth. (Sematophyllaceae) often grows intermixed with I. tenerum. The gametophytes of the two species are superficially somewhat similar except the leaves of Pterogonidium are usually narrowly lanceolate, symmetric, and more erect than the usually wider, ovate to lanceolate, asymmetric, and spreading leaves of I. tenerum. Fortunately, Pterogonidium usually produces sporophytes and the capsules are erect, cylindrical, not contracted under the mouth when dry and have a single peristome. In contrast, the capsules of I. tenerum are inclined to horizontal, ovoid to ellipsoid, have a double peristome, and are usually strongly contracted under the mouth when dry.

We have taken a broad view of Isopterygium tenerum, and some names synonymized here, with more study, might be recognized. For example, Buck (1998) recognized I. brachyneuron on the basis of its more asymmetric leaves, stronger costa, and fewer alar cells. Material identified as I. fernandezianum might also be distinct at the species level on the basis of its strongly asymmetric leaves, strongly serrate leaf apices, and fewer alar cells.

Selected specimens examined: MEXICO. Chiapas: Town of Tenejapa, 1768 m, Breedlove 14778 (MICH); Santa Elena, 650 m, 16°53'N, 91°35'W, Delgadillo M. 6308 (MO). Colima: Laguna María, Parque Nacional El Jabalí, Arreguín 790e (MEXU); Alzada, Orcutt 4645 (FH, MICH, NY). Hidalgo: Above Tianguistengo on Hwy. 105, 3 km from Zacualtipan, ˜2100 m, Sharp et al. 102 (CANM, MICH, TENN). Jalisco: Known from type locality of I. diminutivum. Nayarit: l4.5 km N of Compostela, Koelz 34043 (MICH). Oaxaca: Sierra Juárez, above Valle Nacional along road from Tuxtepec to Oaxaca, 600 m, Richards & Sharp 7051b (CANM, MICH, TENN). Puebla: At and near the summit of El Cerro de Cuhuatepetl, Tehuacan, 945–1160 m, Santos 3693 (MICH). Quintana Roo: Laguna Ciega, Isla de Cozumel, 5 m, ˜20°36'N, 86°44'W, Delgadillo M. 4401, 4403, Cárdenas 1311, 1312, 1313 (MEXU), 4402 (MEXU, MICH, MO). San Luis Potosí: W of Xilitla, 1035 m, Sharp 5935 (CANM, MEXU, MICH, TENN). Sinaloa: Along Hwy. 40, ˜9.7 km W of Las Palmitas, ˜2285 m, Norris et al. 20425 (MICH). Tabasco: Along trail between Teapa and Cerro de Azufre, 6 km from Teapa, Gilly & Hernandez 308c (MICH); Cerro del Madrigal, Zamudio 1342b (MEXU). Tamaulipas: Edge of Casa de Piedra, near Rancho del Cielo above Gómez Farias, Sharp 8736 (CANM, F, MEXU, TENN); 32 km SW of Tuxpan, road to Poza Rica, ˜1000 m, Pursell 5138 (MO). Veracruz: 10 km SE of Campo Experimental de Hule, El Palmar, Zongolica, Santos 3965 (CANM, MICH, NY); ˜11.2 km NW of Tuxpan on road to Tampico, 15 m, Pursell 5067 (MO). GUATEMALA. Izabal: ˜11 km S of Puerto Barrios, 50 m, Croat 41799 (MO). Petén: La Libertad, Lundell 3384 (MICH). Quezaltenango: Vicinity of Fuentes Georginas, slopes of Volcán de Zunil, 2500–2800 m, Standley 85946 (F, FH, MICH, NY). (Dept. Unknown) Finca El Naranjo, near Chicacoa, Svihla 2883 (FH). BELIZE. Cayo: San Augustín, Mains 3999 (MICH), 4084 (F, FH, MICH, NY); Retiro, Mains 3698 (MICH), 3706 (FH, MICH). HONDURAS. Atlántida: Lancetilla Valley, near Tela, 20–600 m, Standley 55796 (F, FH, US), 55803 (F, FH, NY, US); vicinity of San Alejo, base of hills S of San Alejo near Río San Alejo, 150–270 m, Standley 7662 (F). Comayagua: Vicinity of Siguatepeque, 1080–1400 m, Standley 56053 (F, FH, US). Francisco Morazán: Piedra Herrada, lower slopes of Cerro de Uyuca, 1500–1650 m, Standley 11903 (F, FH). Olancho: Slopes of Montana Pena Blanca, 11.5 km S of Gualaco, 980–1000 m, 14°57'N, 86°08'W, Allen 12905 (MO). NICARAGUA. Sierra de Managua, 600–900 m, Garnier 715 (NY). Río Siquia, 6 Jan 1941, LaRue (NY). COSTA RICA. Alajuela: Viento Fresco, 1600–1900 m, Standley & Torres 47877a (FH); Volcán Poás, 2500 m, Valerio 285 (US). Limón: Near Carmen Station on Indiana Branch, ˜30 m, Standley & Valerio 48390 (FH, US). Heredia: Isla Bonita near Vara Blanca, ˜1675 m, Svihla 3067 (FH). Puntarenas: Coto Brus Canton, 1000–1200 m, 08°47'N, 83°02'W, Dauphin 1953 (MO); Cocos Is., Chatham Bay, Howell 120 (FH). Vicinity of Coliblanco, ˜1950 m, Maxon 250 (NY). PANAMA. Bocas del Toro: Cerro Colorado, 6.9 km above Chami Camp, 1700 m, Allen 5335 (MO). Chiriquí: Boquete, 1100–1525 m, Svihla 2711 (MICH); El Volcán, Chickering 32a, 50 (CANM, NY); Santa Marta, Bugaba, Vinda 1521 (PMA); Cerro Colorado, 5.1 km from Escopeta, 800–1000 m, Folsom 4920 (MO). Canal Area: Barro Colorado Is., Willis 11 (FH, MO), 49 (MO); along Río Masambi Grande between Gaillard Hwy., 1.5 km NW of Summit Gardens, 70 m, Nee 6935 (MO); summit Experimental Garden, near Gamboa, Welch 20162, 20163, 20164, 20167, 20168 (NY). Darién: Above Cana, leading to Pirre Massif, 800–900 m, Allen 8982 (MO). BERMUDA. Paget Marsh, Britton 44 (NY, US), 1855 (MICH, MO, NY, TENN). BAHAMAS. Andros Is.: Coppice, near Nicholl’s Town, Small & Carter 8968 (NY, US). Great Bahama Is.: Britton & Millspaugh 2628 (NY). New Providence Is.: Prospect Ridge, Degener 19095 (NY). CUBA. Habana: Batabano, Baker & Wilson 2391 (MO). Oriente: Baracoa Region, Altos de Farola, 35 km S of Baracoa, 685 m, Webster 894 (CANM). Pinar del Río: Río Guao, Britton et al. 10142, 10127a (CANM, NY). Santiago: Slopes and summit of El Yunque, near Baracoa, 305–610 m, Pollard & Palmer 104 (NY), 110 (BM, NY, US). Isle of Pines, Siguanea, Britton et al. 14373 (MICH, NY), 14932 (NY). Ingenio Esperanza near Pinar del Río, Wright 206 (CANM, MICH, NY, TENN, US). JAMAICA. Clarendon: Mason R. Savanna, ˜4.4 km NW of Kellits, 700 m, Crosby 3118 (CANM, MO, NY). Hanover: E slope of Dolphin Head, 365–460 m, Proctor 10434 (CANM). Manchester: 1.6 km from Balaclave, Orcutt 816 (MICH). Portland: Murdock’s Gap, 1740 m, Crosby 3536 (CANM, MEXU, MO, NY). St. Andrew: Cinchona, 1450 m, Farr 949 (CANM). St. Ann: 11 km NE of Moneague, 380 m, Farr 194 (CANM). St. James: 6 km NE of Maroon Town on road to Spring Vale, 150 m, Crosby 13956 (MO). St. Thomas: S slope of Winchester Peak, 1.8 km NW of Wheelerfield, S end of John Crow Mts., 350 m, Buck 5590 (NY); Whitfield Hall, Hegewald & Hegewald 7960 (MO). Trelawny: Windsor Estate, 120–180 m, Proctor 10522 (CANM). Westmoreland: 4 km NE of Negril, near sea level, Proctor 35534 (NY). HAITI. Nord: Vicinity of Dondon, ˜400 m, Leonard 8578 (CANM). Sud’est: Massif de la Selle, 19 km S of Kenscoff on road from Port-au-Prince, 1600 m, Buck 8997 (NY); Bayeux, at mouth of Rivière de Port Margot, north coast, between Cap Haitien and Le Borgne, near sea level, Bartlett 17758a (MICH), 17756 (CANM, MICH, MO), 17765 (CANM, MICH); Valley of Rivière de Plaisance from Plaisance to Pilate, Bartlett 17749 (MICH). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. El Seibo: 19 km N of Hato Mayor on road to El Valle, 300 m, Mejía et al. 10259 (MO, NY). La Vega: Vicinity of Piedra Blanca, 200–500 m, Allard 17816 (NY). Pedernales: ˜6 km S of El Aguacate on road to Pedernales, 1525 m, Reese 15286 (NY). San Cristobal: Mano Matuey, 12 km from Cambito Garabito on road to El Cacao, 550 m, Buck 5166 (NY). La Altagracia: 6 km SE of Otra Banda on road to Punta Cana, ˜30 m, Buck 5097 (NY). La Estrelleta: Along Río Limpio at Colonia Río Limpio, 670 m, Reese 15398 (NY). Puerto Plata: Pico El Murazo, 1083 m, Buck 4839 (NY). Samaná: Loma Pan de Azúcar, 6.8 km N of road to El Valle, 60 m, Zanoni et al. 20758L (U). PUERTO RICO. Along Río la Coca, Sierra de Luquillo, S of Mameyes, Steere 7048 (MICH). Río Sabana, Sierra de Luquillo, S from Luquillo, Steere 5172 (MICH, MO). Mpio. de Maricao, in mountains ˜l.6 km outside Maricao, Stimson 3299 (MO, NY). Villalba, Pagán 55 (MO), 54 (FH, MICH, MO), 60, 65 (MICH, MO). Los Picachos de Jayuya, 915 m, Pagán 328 (MO). E of Cidra, Masters 442 (M), 456 (M, MO). La Torrecilla, Barranquitas, Steere 4689 (MICH, MO). Guvate Purchase Unit, Sierra de Cayey, Steere 4747 (FH, MICH, MO), 4804, 4849 (MICH, MO), 4858 (MO). Dist. de Arecibo, Mpio. de Utuado, Stimson 3582 (NY). Mount Morales, near Utuado, Britton & Marblef 478, 1175 (NY), 1187 (MO, NY). La Juanita, near Las Marias, Britton 3999 (NY). Cerro de Las Pinas, near Las Cruces, 600–720 m, Britton 6905 (NY). VIRGIN ISLANDS. St. Thomas: Slopes of St. Peter Mt., just off Crown Mt. Rd., 425 m, Buck 3280 (NY). WINDWARD ISLANDS. Guadeloupe: Rivière Pérou, Le Gallo 811, 814, 815, 819, 820, 823 (CANM). Dominica: Morne Micotrin, Elliott 1129c (BM). Martinique: Rivière de Tivoli, 320 m, Stehlé 4039 (NY). St. Lucia: Between Castries and Dennery, Hegewald 9607 (NY). St. Vincent: Morn Garn, 460 m, Elliott 56b (BM). Grenada: St. George’s, 26 Jun 1906, Broadway (NY). NETHERLANDS ANTILLES. Saba: Mt. Scenery, trail from parking area at SW end of mountain, 530–814 m, 17°37'N, 63°14'W, Buck 50633 (NY). COLOMBIA. Antioquia: San José de la Montana, 13 km S of San José, road to la Labores, near Estación La Oculta, ˜2600 m, Thiers 4188-b (NY); Mpio. Anorí, Vereda El Carmen, Kms 18–20.5 N of Anorí, 820–910 m, 07°15'N, 75°12'W, Callejas et al. 8831 (NY); Mpio. Domingo, Corregimiento de Santiago, sector “La Negra,” ˜6 km W de Santiago, 1100–1165 m, ˜06°30'N, 75°10'W, Churchill et al. 14706 (NY). Arauca: Mpio. de Fortul, Vereda Palmarito, 200 m, 06°44'N, 71°43'W, Churchill et al. 18939 (NY). Cauca: Guapi, Parque Nacional Natural Isla Gorgona, Isla Gorgonilla, cerca al Faro, Rudas & Aguirre 287 (COL); Mpio. de Piendamo, Corregimiento de El Mango, Reserva Natural El Guayabo, Km 93–94, 1640 m, ˜02°46'N, 76°33'W, Churchill & Franco 16536, 16562 (NY). Magdalena: Santa Marta, near Bonda, Baker 6563 (H). Meta: Outskirts of Villavicencio, 500 m, 04°09'N, 73°39'W, Schultes 11097 (H, MO, TENN, US), 11110 (BM, CANM, COL, F, MICH, MO, NY). Nariño: Mpio. de Albán, Veredas Bellavista–El Cebadero, 1800–2000 m, 01°26'N, 77°05'W, Ramírez P. 5910 (NY); Mpio. Tumaco, road to La Turbia, 245 m, 01°18'N, 78°30'W, Ramírez P. et al. 9901 (MO). Putumayo: 15 km NW of Puerto Asís, 305 m, King & Guevara C-1122 (US). Santander: Mesa de los Santos, 1500 m, Killip & Smith 15329 (NY). Vaupés: Río Vaupés, Mitú and surroundings, ˜250 m, Schultes & Cabrera 13953 (CANM). Valle: Costa del Pacífico, Río Cajambre, 5–80 m, Cuatrecasas 17383-B (US). VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Dept. Río Negro, along Río Mawarinuma, just outside Cañon Grande, vicinity of Neblina base camp, ˜140 m, Buck 11227, 11352 (NY). Aragua: Parque Nacional Henry Pittier, Las Locas, ˜2000 m, Sharp C-7610A (TENN). Barinas: Along Hwy. 5, 2 km W of Río Acequia, SW of junction of road to Ciudad Bolivia, 175 m, Steyermark & Rabe 96510 (US). Bolívar: Dist. Roscio, Río Uairén, 9 km NE of Santa Elena de Uairén, 900 m, Steyermark & Liesner 127350 (MO). Carabobo: Between Los Tanques and La Toma, at the head of Río San Gián, 750 m, Steyermark & Steyermark 95588 (MO, US). Delta Amacuro: Dept. Pedernales, boundary with Dept. Tucupita, Caño Simoina, W of Isla Cocuina, S of Barra de Cocuina, 50 m, 09°45'N, 61°53'W, Steyermark et al. 114365 (MO). Distrito Federal: Around Caracas, 800–1000 m, Pittier 11108 (FH, NY, US). Lara: Dist. Palavecino, 20 km from Cabudare, 1200–1300 m, Steyermark et al. 103335 (MO, US). Mérida: Foot of Sierra Nevada, near Mérida, 1850 m, Alston 6759a (BM). Miranda: Providencia, 1200 m, Medina 981, 991 (CANM). Monagas: Bajo Guarapiche, Maturin, Medina 986 (CANM). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. Trinidad: Vicinity of Tabaquite, Britton 2615 (FH, NY, US); North Range, Welch 21272 (NY). Tobago: Arnos Vale Bay, Arnos Vale Hotel, 11°13'N, 60°45'W, Djan-Chékar 95-13 (NY). GUYANA. Demerara-Mahaica Region: Along Linden-Soesdyke Hwy., ˜1.6 km E of Soesdyke, 1–50 m, Pipoly 9286A, 9295 (NY). SURINAM. Brokopondo: Phedra, along Surinam R., 67 km SE of Paramaribo, 20 m, 05°20'N, 55°05'W, Allen 19342 (MO). Nickerie: Kabalebo Dam project, 0–50 m, Florschütz-de Waard & Zielman 5496, 5687, 5712 (U). Paramaribo: Cultuurtuin, Florschütz & Florschütz 607, 611 (U). Sipaliwini: Blanche Marie valley, 100 m, 04°44'N, 56°53'W, Muñoz 98-26b (MO); Talfelberg Natl. Park, vicinity of Rudy Kappel airstrip, 325 m, 03°48'N, 56°08'W, Allen 20306, 20320 (MO); White Sand Savanna, 32 km NE of Apura, 55 m, 05°10'N, 57°00'W, Allen 19287 (MO). Brownsberg, trail to Leo Falls, 29 Jan 1976, 500 m, Sang & van der Wiel s.n. (U). Marowijne River, Armina Falls, 29 Sep 1952, Geijskes s.n. (MEXU, U). Blanche-Marieval, vicinity of waterfall between Van Edenval and Granietsoela, 21–24 Aug 1982, Kuc s.n. (CANM). FRENCH GUIANA. Approuague-Kaw: Pic Matécho, summit of waterfall on N side of peak, ˜500 m, 03°45'N, 53°02'W, Buck 37830 (NY); Commune de Régina, Kaw Mts. Trail up Montagne Favard from Savane de Kaw, 0–100 m, 04°30'N, 52°03'W, Buck 32939 (MO); St.-Laurent-du-Maroni: Canton de Maripasoula, Commune de Saül, ˜6 km N or Saül along road to Bélizon, vicinity of Eaux Claires, ˜200 m, 03°37'N, 53°12'W, Buck 18690 (NY). ECUADOR. Azuay: Gualaquiza, Allioni 8300, 8362, 8379 (H). Cotopaxi: Las Juntas on road El Corazón–Quevedo, 200 m, Anderson 1010 (U). El Oro: ˜17 km above Zaracay on road to Catacocha, 700 m, Anderson 1005 (U). Loja: Road Celica-Alamor, Km 11–16, 1600–1700 m, Anderson 944 (U). Pichincha: ˜18 km NW of San Miguel de los Bancos, 800 m, Buck 10326 (NY). Santiago-Zamora: Méndez, 700 m, Harling 2217 (CANM). Galapagos Is., Isla Santa Cruz, trail from Bella Vista to Media Luna, 550 m, Sipman M-234 (U). PERU. Junín: E of Quimirí Bridge, near La Merced, 800–1300 m, Killip & Smith 24038 (CANM, NY). Loreto: Maynas Prov., ˜135 km NE of Iquitos, ˜2 km N of Río Sucasari, 03°30'S, 72°55'W, Timme 14349, 14351, 14352, 14359 (MO); Iquitos, ˜100 m, Killip & Smith 26942 (CANM, NY); Middle and upper part of Río Maniti, E of Iquitos, 20 Jan 1981, Kuc s.n. (CANM). BRAZIL. Acre: 15 km E of Rio Branco along road to Abuna, Reese & McPherson 13195 (CANM, NY). Amazonas: Ilha Acarabu, along the Rio Negro between Manaus and São Gabriel at the mouth of the Rio Marié, Buck 2347 (CANM, NY); estrada Manaus-Itacoatiara, Km 26, reserva florestal Ducke, Lisbôa 57, 63, 70 (MG). Bahia: ˜10 km W of Barreiras, 500 m, Irwin et al. 31332 (CANM, F, NY). Distrito Federal: Rio Sobradinho, immediately W of Sobradinho, 1100 m, Irwin et al. 33235 (CANM, NY). Goiás: Mpio. de Formosa, Vital 8275 (MO); Mpio. de Caldas Novas, Vital 8501 (CANM, SP); Mineiros, Galeriewald nahe der Grenze zu Mato Grosso, 680 m, Schäfer-Verwimp & Verwimp 8554 (NY). Minas Gerais: Vicosa Agricultural College lands, Horticultural Hill, 670 m, Mexia 4841 (BM, FH, F, MICH, MO, NY, U); Vicosa Agricultural College lands, E boundary to reservoir, Mexia 5348a (BM, FH, MO, NY); Corrigo Riberro, 675 m, Mexia 4884 (BM, F, FH, MICH, MO, NY, U, US), 4888 (F, FH, MO, US). Mato Grosso: Palmeiras, Lindman 413 (H). Pará: Belém, Reserva Mocambo, Lisbôa et al. 706 (MG); Serra do Cachimbo, Base Aérea do Cachimbo and vicinity, Km 780–820 on Cuiabá–Santaré Hwy. (BR 163), ˜20 km N of border of Mato Grosso, along Rio Braço Norte, 430–480 m, Reese 16169, 16418 (MO), 16170, 16209 (MICH, MO), 16142, 16171, 16175, 16178, 16185, 16190, 16192, 16195, 16210, 16218, 16237, 16238, 16239, 16256, 16428 (NY), 16223 (MICH, MO, US). Paraná: Mpio. Foz do Iguaçu, Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, along Rio Iguaçu, 100–200 m, Vital & Buck 12097 (NY). Rio Grande do Sul: S. Francisco de Paula, 900 m, Sehnem 4645 (FH). Rio de Janeiro: Mpio. de Resende, Itatiaia Natl. Park, S face of Mt. Itatiaia, 1780 m, Eiten & Eiten 7654, 7656 (US). Rondônia: Ridges of Serra dos Pacaás Novos along the river, ˜400 m, Reese 13320, 13556, 13616, 13623 (NY); Guajará-Mirim, estrada do Bom Sossego, Km 25, Lisbôa et al. 491 (MG); Guajará-Mirim, 6 km NE of Guajara Mirim, 2 km E of gravel road, 175 m, 10°43'S, 65°15'W, Nee 34688 (NY). Roraima: Rio Uraricoeara, vicinity of Uaicá airstrip, Prance et al. 19953, 19954, 19956 (CANM, NY). Santa Catarina: Tubarão, Ule 87 (FH, H, NY, SP, US), 91 (BM, F, FH, H, NY, US). São Paulo: Mpio. Guapiara, Serra Paranapiaacaba, Fazenda Intervales, ˜800–1000 m, ˜24°16'S, 48°25'W, Vital & Buck 20430, 20449, 20458, 20475 (NY); Mpio. Teodoro Sampaio, Reserva Florestal de Teodoro Sampaio, Vital 7826 (CANM, MO); Mpio. Rancharia, along Raposo Tavares road, between Presidente Prudente to Assis, Vital 2584 (MO). BOLIVIA. Beni: Prov. Ballivian, Beni Biological Station, near Porvenir, ˜60 km E of San Borja, 200–250 m, ˜14°30'S, 66°30'W, Lewis 89-018 d-3 (MO); vicinity of Guayaramerín, Reese 12739, 12753, 12775, 12794, 12798, 12803 (CANM, NY). Cochabamba: Prov. Carrasco, Municipio Pojo, Estación Experimental Sacta, 250 m, 17°05'S, 64°46'W, Churchill & Arroyo P. 21634 (US); Prov. Chaparé, road to Corani, 3200 m, Hermann 24671 (US). La Paz: Prov. Nor Yungas, “Alto Coro Coro,” 7 km N of Caranavi, 15°46'S, 67°32'W, Lewis 84-066 (LPB); Prov. Inquisivi, “Río Pichincha Grande,” along Río Pichincha Grande from its mouth at the Río Cañamina to its headwaters above Rancho Pichincha, ˜7 km SE of Miguillas, 16°35'S, 67°17'W, Lewis 86-1462 (LPB). Santa Cruz: Prov. Nuflo de Chavez, “Doloresa,” along San Javier–Concepción road, ˜1 km past turnoff for Esstancia Doloresa, approximately half way between San Javier and Concepción, 16°14'S, 62°25'W, Lewis 85-925A (LPB); Prov. Chiquitos, “Río Roboré,” base of Serrania Santiago in canyon along the Río Roboré, 18°18'S, 59°44'W, Lewis 85-1212 (LPB); Prov. Velasco, Natl. Park Noel Kempff Mercado, 250 m, 14°32'S, 60°48'W, Churchill & Churchill 20505 (MO); near Aten, Williams 2070 (F, FH, MICH, NY, TENN, US). Tumupasa, Williams 2059 (F, FH, MICH, TENN). Apolo, Williams 2091 (BM, F, FH, MICH, NY, US). New Brazil, Williams 2094 (MICH, NY, US). CHILE. Juan Fernandez Iss., Mas a Tierra, Valle Colonial, 435 m, Skottsberg & Skottsberg 484 (NY); trail to Portezuelo de Villagra, 427–549 m, Hatcher & Engel 14 (US); Valle Anson, 400–500 m, Skottsberg M40 (H). PARAGUAY. Amambay: Parque Nacional Cerro Corá, trail up Cerro Muralla, ˜300 m, ˜22°40'S, 56°00'W, Buck 12518 (NY). Caaguazú: Coronel Oviedo, Barrio Azucena, Bordas 114A (NY). Canendiyú: 2.5 km E of Río Corrientes, road from Salto del Guairá, ˜200 m, ˜24°35'S, 55°55'W, Buck 12446A (NY). Central: San Lorenzo, Ciudad Universitaria, 25°30'S, 57°30'W, Bordas 61B (NY). Cordillera: Chololó, Km 80 S of Piribebuy, 100–200 m, 25°33'S, 57°02'W, Churchill 20248 (MO, NY). Guairá: Villarrica, 25°45'S, 56°26'W, Bordas 65 (NY). Itapúa: Centro de Desarrollo Forestal (CEDEFO) at Km 428 on Ruta 6, just W of Arroyo Pirapó, ˜100 m, ˜26°55'S, 55°29'W, Buck 12171 (NY). Paraguarí: Parque Nacional Ybycuí, trail along Arroyo Mina, ˜200 m, ˜26°05'S, 56°53'W, Buck 12107, 12141 (NY); El Chaco, Rosario, Lindman 324 (H); Macizo Acahay, 500 m, 25°54'S, 57°09'W, Zardini & Cuevas 5397 (MO). ARGENTINA. Lago Encondido, Matteri 799 (BA). Buenos Aires, Santa Catalina, 7 Aug 1973, Oleksy s.n. (BA). San Miguel de Tucuman, Lorentz s.n. (FH). Parque Nacional, Iguazú, 4 Jan 1984, Kuc s.n. (CANM). URUGUAY. Canelones, Banado del Negro, cerca de Airoyo Pando, Castellanos 8582 (FH). Curticeiras Rivera, Ruta 5, Zorrón 2098 (US). Prov. Rocha, Parque Nacional Sta. Teresa, 5 Mar 1984, Kuc s.n. (CANM).

Isopterygium tenerum là một loài Rêu trong họ Hypnaceae. Loài này được (Sw.) Mitt. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1869.

柔叶同叶藓（学名：Isopterygium tenerum）为灰藓科同叶藓属下的一个种。