dcsimg

Flamingo- en dûkereftigen ( 西菲士蘭語 )

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De flamingo- en dûkereftigen (Latynske namme: Mirandornithes of ek wol Phoenicopterimorphae) foarmje in noch rangleaze taksonomyske groep fan 'e klasse fan 'e fûgels (Aves), de ûnderklasse fan 'e moderne fûgels (Neornithes), de tuskenklasse fan 'e nijkakigen (Neognathae), it boppeskift fan 'e nije fûgels (Neoaves) en de rangleaze groep fan 'e hegere fûgels (Metaves). Ta dizze groep hearre 2 skiften fûgels, nammentlik de flamingo-eftigen (Phoenicopteriformes), lykas de (gewoane) flamingo, en de dûkereftigen (Podicipediformes), lykas de hjerringslynder.

De definiëarring fan dizze groep wie problematysk, mei't de fûgelsoarten yn 'e beide skiften alhiel net opinoar lykje. De flamingo-eftigen waarden sadwaande lange tiid by de eiberteftigen (Ciconiiformes) pleatst, dy't ek lange poaten hawwe, wylst de dûkereftigen lang op ien bulte smiten waarden mei de seedûkereftigen (Gaviiformes). Resint genetysk ûndersyk hat lykwols útwiisd dat de flamingo-eftigen en de dûkereftigen nau besibbe sustertaksons binne.

Groepsopbou

Boarnen, noaten en referinsjes

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Flamingo- en dûkereftigen: Brief Summary ( 西菲士蘭語 )

由wikipedia emerging languages提供

De flamingo- en dûkereftigen (Latynske namme: Mirandornithes of ek wol Phoenicopterimorphae) foarmje in noch rangleaze taksonomyske groep fan 'e klasse fan 'e fûgels (Aves), de ûnderklasse fan 'e moderne fûgels (Neornithes), de tuskenklasse fan 'e nijkakigen (Neognathae), it boppeskift fan 'e nije fûgels (Neoaves) en de rangleaze groep fan 'e hegere fûgels (Metaves). Ta dizze groep hearre 2 skiften fûgels, nammentlik de flamingo-eftigen (Phoenicopteriformes), lykas de (gewoane) flamingo, en de dûkereftigen (Podicipediformes), lykas de hjerringslynder.

De definiëarring fan dizze groep wie problematysk, mei't de fûgelsoarten yn 'e beide skiften alhiel net opinoar lykje. De flamingo-eftigen waarden sadwaande lange tiid by de eiberteftigen (Ciconiiformes) pleatst, dy't ek lange poaten hawwe, wylst de dûkereftigen lang op ien bulte smiten waarden mei de seedûkereftigen (Gaviiformes). Resint genetysk ûndersyk hat lykwols útwiisd dat de flamingo-eftigen en de dûkereftigen nau besibbe sustertaksons binne.

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Mirandornithes ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

Mirandornithes[4] (/mɪˌrændɔːrˈnɪθz/) is a clade that consists of flamingos and grebes. Many scholars use the term Phoenicopterimorphae for the superorder containing flamingoes and grebes.[5][6]

Determining the relationships of both groups has been problematic. Flamingos had been placed with numerous branches within Neognathae, such as ducks and storks. The grebes had been placed with the loons. However recent studies have confirmed these two branches as sister groups.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

Both primitive phoenicopteriformes and their closest relatives, the grebes, were highly aquatic.[13] This indicates that the entire mirandornithe group evolved from aquatic, probably swimming ancestors.[9]

Synapomorphies

According to Mayr (2004) and Sangster (2005) there are at least twelve distinct morphological synapomorphies that are unique to this clade:[4]

  1. "At least the fourth to seventh cervical vertebrae strongly elongate, with processus spinosus forming a marked ridge.
  2. Humerus with a marked oval depression at insertion site of musculus scapulohumeralis cranialis.
  3. At least 23 presacral vertebrae.
  4. At least four thoracic vertebrae fused to a notarium.
  5. Distal end of ulna with marked oval depression radialis.
  6. Phalanx proximalis digiti majoris very elongate and narrow craniocaudally.
  7. Distal rim of condylus medialis of tibiotarsus distinctly notched.
  8. Pars acetabularis of musculus iliotibialis lateralis absent.
  9. Pars caudalis of musculus caudofemoralis absent.
  10. Wing with 12 primaries
  11. Left arteria carotis reduced or absent.
  12. Eggs covered with a chalky layer of amorphous calcium phosphate."

References

  1. ^ Švec, P. 1982. Two new species of diving birds from the lower Miocene of Czechoslovakia. Časopis pro mineralogii a geologii, 27, 243–260.
  2. ^ Kuhl., H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S. T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. (2020). "An unbiased molecular approach using 3'UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life". Molecular Biology and Evolution: 143. doi:10.1093/molbev/msaa191. PMC 7783168.
  3. ^ Sangster, G.; Braun, E.L.; Johansson, U.S.; Kimball, R.T.; Mayr, G.; Suh, A. (2022). "Phylogenetic definitions for 25 higher-level clade names of birds". Avian Research. 13: 100027. doi:10.1016/j.avrs.2022.100027.
  4. ^ a b Sangster, G. (July 2005). "A name for the flamingo-grebe clade". Ibis. 147 (3): 612–615. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.2005.00432.x.
  5. ^ Joel Cracraft; et al. "Justifications of names for higher taxa".
  6. ^ a b Jarvis, E.D.; et al. (12 December 2014). "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds". Science. 346 (6215): 1320–1331. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. PMC 4405904. PMID 25504713.
  7. ^ Tuinen, Van; Butvill, M.; Kirsch, D.B.; Hedges, S.B. (7 July 2001). "Convergence and divergence in the evolution of aquatic birds". Proc. R. Soc. B. 268 (1474): 1345–1350. doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1679. PMC 1088747. PMID 11429133.
  8. ^ Chubb, A.L. (January 2004). "New nuclear evidence for the oldest divergence among neognath birds: The phylogenetic utility of ZENK (i)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30 (1): 140–151. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00159-3. PMID 15022765.
  9. ^ a b Mayr, G. (February 2004). "Morphological evidence for sister group relationship between flamingos (Aves: Phoenicopteridae) and grebes (Podicipedidae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 140 (2): 157–169. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2003.00094.x.
  10. ^ Fain, M.G. Houde (November 2004). "Parallel radiations in the primary clades of birds". Evolution. 58 (11): 2558–2573. doi:10.1554/04-235. PMID 15612298.
  11. ^ Ericson, J.I.; Anderson, P.G.P.; Britton, C.L.; Elzanowski, T.; Johansson, A.; Kllersj, U.S.; Ohlson, M.; Parsons, T.J. (22 December 2006). "Diversification of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils". Biology Letters. 2 (4): 543–547. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0523. PMC 1834003. PMID 17148284.
  12. ^ Hackett, S.J.; et al. (27 June 2008). "A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their evolutionary history". Science. 320 (5884): 1763–1768. doi:10.1126/science.1157704. PMID 18583609.
  13. ^ Mayr, G. (2014) The Eocene Juncitarsus – its phylogenetic position and significance for the evolution and higher-level affinities of flamingos and grebes. Comptes Rendus Palevol. 13(1):9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2013.07.005
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Mirandornithes: Brief Summary ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

Mirandornithes (/mɪˌrændɔːrˈnɪθiːz/) is a clade that consists of flamingos and grebes. Many scholars use the term Phoenicopterimorphae for the superorder containing flamingoes and grebes.

Determining the relationships of both groups has been problematic. Flamingos had been placed with numerous branches within Neognathae, such as ducks and storks. The grebes had been placed with the loons. However recent studies have confirmed these two branches as sister groups.

Both primitive phoenicopteriformes and their closest relatives, the grebes, were highly aquatic. This indicates that the entire mirandornithe group evolved from aquatic, probably swimming ancestors.

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Mirandornithes ( 世界語 )

由wikipedia EO提供

Mirandornithes (nomo stampita de Sangster (2005))[1] estas klado kiu enhavas flamengojn kaj grebojn. La rilatoj de ambaŭ grupoj estis estintaj problemaj. Flamengoj estis lokitaj en nombraj branĉoj ene de Neognatoj, kiaj anasoj kaj cikonioj. La greboj estis lokitaj kun la kolimboj. Tamen ĵusaj studoj ŝajne konfirmas tiuj du branĉojn kial frataj grupoj.[2][3][4][5][6][7]

Referencoj

  1. Sangster G. (2005) A name for the flamingo-grebe clade. Ibis. 147:612–615.
  2. (2001) “Convergence and divergence in the evolution of aquatic birds”, Proc. R. Soc. B 268 (1474), p. 1345–1350. doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1679.
  3. (2004a) “New nuclear evidence for the oldest divergence among neognath birds: The phylogenetic utility of ZENK (i)”, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30 (1), p. 140–151. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00159-3.
  4. Mayr G. (2004) Morphological evidence for sister group relationship between flamingos (Aves: Phoenicopteridae) and grebes (Podicipedidae). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 140:157–169.
  5. (2004) “Parallel radiations in the primary clades of birds”, Evolution (PDF) 58 (11), p. 2558–2573. doi:10.1554/04-235.
  6. (2006) “Diversification of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils”, Biology Letters (PDF) 2 (4), p. 543–547. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0523.
  7. (2008-06-27) “A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History”, Science 320 (5884), p. 1763–1768. doi:10.1126/science.1157704. Alirita 2008-10-18..
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Mirandornithes: Brief Summary ( 世界語 )

由wikipedia EO提供

Mirandornithes (nomo stampita de Sangster (2005)) estas klado kiu enhavas flamengojn kaj grebojn. La rilatoj de ambaŭ grupoj estis estintaj problemaj. Flamengoj estis lokitaj en nombraj branĉoj ene de Neognatoj, kiaj anasoj kaj cikonioj. La greboj estis lokitaj kun la kolimboj. Tamen ĵusaj studoj ŝajne konfirmas tiuj du branĉojn kial frataj grupoj.

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Mirandornithes ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

由wikipedia ES提供

Mirandornithes (nombre acuñado por Sangster, 2005) es un clado que consiste en los flamencos y somormujos.[1]​ La determinación de ambos grupos fue compleja, siendo los flamencos ubicados en varias ramas dentro de Neognathae, tales como los patos y las cigüeñas. Los somormujos, por otro lado, fueron ubicados junto a los colimbos. Sin embargo, los últimos estudios tanto moleculares como morfológicos han obtenido a ambos linajes como grupos hermanos.[2][3][4][5][6][7]

Los especímenes fósiles tanto de flamencos como de somosmujos estaban altamente especializados a una vida acuática, lo cual indica que el grupo evolucionó de ancestros acuáticos y presumiblemente nadadores.[4]

Referencias

  1. Sangster, G. (2005) A name for the flamingo-grebe clade. Ibis. 147:612–615.
  2. Van Tuinen, M. Butvill, D. B. Kirsch, J. A. & Hedges, S. B. (2001) Convergence and divergence in the evolution of aquatic birds. Proc. R. Soc. B 268(1474):1345–1350. DOI:10.1098/rspb.2001.1679.
  3. Chubb, A. L. (2004a) New nuclear evidence for the oldest divergence among neognath birds: The phylogenetic utility of ZENK (i). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30(1):140–151. DOI:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00159-3.
  4. a b Mayr, G. (2004). Morphological evidence for sister group relationship between flamingos (Aves: Phoenicopteridae) and grebes (Podicipedidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 140(2), 157-169.
  5. Fain, M. G. Houde, P. (2004) Parallel radiations in the primary clades of birds. Evolution 58(11):2558–2573. DOI:10.1554/04-235.
  6. Ericson, P. G. P. Anderson, C. L. Britton, T. Elzanowski, A. Johansson, U. S. Kllersj, M. Ohlson, J. I. & Parsons, T. J. (2006) Diversification of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils. Biology Letters. 2(4):543–547. DOI:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0523.
  7. Hackett, S. J. et al. (2008) A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History. Science 320(5884):1763–1768. DOI:10.1126/science.1157704.
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Mirandornithes: Brief Summary ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

由wikipedia ES提供

Mirandornithes (nombre acuñado por Sangster, 2005) es un clado que consiste en los flamencos y somormujos.​ La determinación de ambos grupos fue compleja, siendo los flamencos ubicados en varias ramas dentro de Neognathae, tales como los patos y las cigüeñas. Los somormujos, por otro lado, fueron ubicados junto a los colimbos. Sin embargo, los últimos estudios tanto moleculares como morfológicos han obtenido a ambos linajes como grupos hermanos.​​​​​​

Los especímenes fósiles tanto de flamencos como de somosmujos estaban altamente especializados a una vida acuática, lo cual indica que el grupo evolucionó de ancestros acuáticos y presumiblemente nadadores.​

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Mirandornithes ( 義大利語 )

由wikipedia IT提供

Mirandornithes (nome coniato da Sangster (2005)[1]) è un clade che contiene i fenicotteri e gli svassi. Molti studiosi usano il termine Phoenicopterimorphae per il superordine contenente fenicotteri e svassi.[2][3]

Determinare le relazioni di entrambi i gruppi fu problematico, poiché i fenicotteri nel corso degli anni vennero collocati in numerosi rami all'interno di Neognathae, come anatre o cicogne, mentre gli svassi erano stati avvicinati alle strolaghe. Tuttavia, recenti studi hanno confermato che questi due rami rappresentano un sister group.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

Sia i primitivi phoenicopteriformi che i loro parenti più stretti, gli svassi, sono specializzati in uno stile di vita acquatico. Ciò indica che l'intero gruppo dei mirandorniti si è evoluto da un antenato acquatico.[6]

Sinapomorfie

Secondo Mayr (2004) e Sangster (2005) ci sono almeno dodici sinapomorfie morfologiche distintive uniche di questo clade:[1]

  1. "Vertebre cervicali (almeno dalla quarta alla settima) fortemente allungate, con processi spinosi che formano una cresta marcata.
  2. Omero con una marcata depressione ovale nel sito di inserzione del muscolo scapulohumeralis cranialis.
  3. Almeno 23 vertebre presacrali.
  4. Almeno quattro vertebre toraciche fuse in un notarium.
  5. Estremità distale dell'ulna con marcata depressione radiale ovale.
  6. Falange prossimale molto allungata e stretta craniocaudalmente.
  7. Cerchio distale del condilo mediale del tibiotarsus distinto.
  8. Pars acetabolare del musculus iliotibialis lateralis assente.
  9. Pars caudali del musculus caudofemoralis assenti.
  10. Ali contenenti almeno 12 penne primari
  11. Arteria carotidea sinistra ridotta o assente.
  12. Uova ricoperte da uno strato gessoso di fosfato di calcio amorfo."

Note

  1. ^ a b G. Sangster, A name for the flamingo-grebe clade, in Ibis, vol. 147, n. 3, July 2005, pp. 612–615, DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919x.2005.00432.x.
  2. ^ Joel Cracraft, Justifications of names for higher taxa (PDF), su science.sciencemag.org.
  3. ^ a b E.D. Jarvis, Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds, in Science, vol. 346, n. 6215, 12 dicembre 2014, pp. 1320–1331, DOI:10.1126/science.1253451, PMC 4405904, PMID 25504713.
  4. ^ Van Tuinen, M. Butvill, D.B. Kirsch e S.B. Hedges, Convergence and divergence in the evolution of aquatic birds, in Proc. R. Soc. B, vol. 268, n. 1474, 7 luglio 2001, pp. 1345–1350, DOI:10.1098/rspb.2001.1679, PMC 1088747, PMID 11429133.
  5. ^ A.L. Chubb, New nuclear evidence for the oldest divergence among neognath birds: The phylogenetic utility of ZENK (i), in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol. 30, n. 1, January 2004, pp. 140–151, DOI:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00159-3, PMID 15022765.
  6. ^ a b G. Mayr, Morphological evidence for sister group relationship between flamingos (Aves: Phoenicopteridae) and grebes (Podicipedidae), in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. 140, n. 2, February 2004, pp. 157–169, DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2003.00094.x.
  7. ^ M.G. Houde Fain, Parallel radiations in the primary clades of birds, in Evolution, vol. 58, n. 11, November 2004, pp. 2558–2573, DOI:10.1554/04-235, PMID 15612298.
  8. ^ J.I. Ericson, P.G.P. Anderson, C.L. Britton, T. Elzanowski, A. Johansson, U.S. Kllersj, M. Ohlson e T.J. Parsons, Diversification of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils, in Biology Letters, vol. 2, n. 4, 22 dicembre 2006, pp. 543–547, DOI:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0523, PMC 1834003, PMID 17148284.
  9. ^ S.J. Hackett, A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their evolutionary history, in Science, vol. 320, n. 5884, 27 giugno 2008, pp. 1763–1768, DOI:10.1126/science.1157704, PMID 18583609.

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Mirandornithes: Brief Summary ( 義大利語 )

由wikipedia IT提供

Mirandornithes (nome coniato da Sangster (2005)) è un clade che contiene i fenicotteri e gli svassi. Molti studiosi usano il termine Phoenicopterimorphae per il superordine contenente fenicotteri e svassi.

Determinare le relazioni di entrambi i gruppi fu problematico, poiché i fenicotteri nel corso degli anni vennero collocati in numerosi rami all'interno di Neognathae, come anatre o cicogne, mentre gli svassi erano stati avvicinati alle strolaghe. Tuttavia, recenti studi hanno confermato che questi due rami rappresentano un sister group.

Sia i primitivi phoenicopteriformi che i loro parenti più stretti, gli svassi, sono specializzati in uno stile di vita acquatico. Ciò indica che l'intero gruppo dei mirandorniti si è evoluto da un antenato acquatico.

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Mirandornithes ( 挪威語 )

由wikipedia NN提供

Mirandornithes er ein klade som inkluderer Phoenicopteriformes (flamingoar) og Podicipediformes (dukkarar). Desse har tidlegare hatt ei uklår plassering i taksonomien. Flamingoar har tidlegare vore plasserte i ulike greiner under Neognathae, blant anna med storkar og ender, og dukkarar har vore plassert med lomar (Gaviiformes). No er det likevel stadfesta at Phoenicopteriformes og Podicipediformes er systergrupper.[1]

Etterkomartre

Kladogrammet er i henhold til Jarvis, E.D. et al. (2014).[1]

Columbea Mirandornithes

Phoenicopteriformes (flamingoar)



Podicipediformes (dukkarar)



Columbimorphae

Columbiformes (duefuglar)




Pteroclidiformes (sandhøns)



Mesitornithiformes (mesittar)





Kjelder

Referansar
  1. 1,0 1,1 Jarvis, E. D.; Mirarab, S.; Aberer, A. J.; et al. (2014). «Whole-genome analys,es resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds». Science 346 (6215): 1320–1331. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
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Mirandornithes: Brief Summary ( 挪威語 )

由wikipedia NN提供

Mirandornithes er ein klade som inkluderer Phoenicopteriformes (flamingoar) og Podicipediformes (dukkarar). Desse har tidlegare hatt ei uklår plassering i taksonomien. Flamingoar har tidlegare vore plasserte i ulike greiner under Neognathae, blant anna med storkar og ender, og dukkarar har vore plassert med lomar (Gaviiformes). No er det likevel stadfesta at Phoenicopteriformes og Podicipediformes er systergrupper.

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Mirandornithes ( 挪威語 )

由wikipedia NO提供

Mirandornithes er en klade som inkluderer Phoenicopteriformes (flamingofugler) og Podicipediformes (dykkerfugler). Disse har tidligere hatt en problematisk plassering. Flamingofuglene var tidligere plassert i ulike grupper under Neognathae, blant annet med storker og ender, og dykkerfuglene var tidligere plassert med lommer (Gaviiformes). Det er imidlertid nå bekreftet at Phoenicopteriformes og Podicipediformes danner ei selvstendig monofyletisk gruppe og er søstergrupper.[1][2]

Taksonomi

Til tross for at flamingoer og lappedykkere er svært forskjellige å se på, så deler de også noen svært karakteristiske særtrekk, som et uvanlig høyt antall primærfjærvingene, neglelignende klør på føttene, og et kalkholdig lag på eggeskallet. Jarvis et al. (2014) plasserer Mirandornithes nær basen av gruppen moderne fugler (Neoaves),[2] mens Prum et al. (2015) foreslår Mirandornithes som søstergruppen til vade-, måse- og alkefugler (Charadriiformes).[3] Dette viser at spørsmålet om hvor denne gruppen skal plasseres på stamtreet ikke er endelig avklart.

Inndeling

Inndelingen følger Mayr (2016).[4]

Treliste

Etterkommertre

Neoaves er en klade som består av alle moderne fugler. Kladogrammet er i henhold til Jarvis et al. (2014)[2], med noen kladenavn etter Yury et al. (2013).[5] Navn i parentes er ikke nødvendigvis offisielle norske gruppenavn.

Neoaves Columbea

Mirandornithes (flamingoer og dykkerfugler)


Columbimorphae

Columbiformes (duefugler)




Mesitornithiformes (mesitter)



Pterocliformes (sandhøns)





Passerea Otidae

Cypselomorphae (fettfugler, froskemunner, potuer, nattravner, uglesvaler, treseilere, seilere og kolibrier)


Otidimorphae

Cuculiformes (gjøkefugler)




Otidiformes (trapper)



Musophagiformes (turakoer)






Gruae

Opisthocomiformes (hoatziner)


Gruimorphae

Gruiformes (tranefugler)



Charadriiformes (vade-, måse- og alkefugler)





Ardeae

Aequornithes (Lommer, Pingviner, Stormfugler, Storkefugler, Sulefugler og Pelikanfugler)


Eurypygimorphae

Eurypygiformes (kaguer og solrikse)



Phaethontiformes (tropikkfugler)




Telluraves Afroaves Accipitrimorphae

Cathartiformes (kondorer)



Accipitriformes (haukefugler)





Strigiformes (ugler)


Coraciimorphae

Coliiformes (musfugler)


Eucavitaves

Leptosomatiformes (kuroler)


Cavitaves

Trogoniformes (trogoner)


Picocoraciae

Bucerotiformes (hornfugler, hærfugler og kakelarer)


Picodynastornithes

Coraciformes (råkefugler)



Piciformes (spettefugler)









Australaves

Cariamiformes (seriemaer)


Eufalconimorphae

Falconiformes (falkefugler)


Psittacopasserae

Psittaciformes (papegøyefugler)



Passeriformes (spurvefugler)












Referanser

  1. ^ a b Sangster, G. (2005) A name for the flamingo–grebe clade. Ibis, 147: 612–615. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.2005.00432.x
  2. ^ a b c Jarvis, E. D.; Mirarab, S.; Aberer, A. J.; m.fl. (2014). «Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds». Science. 346 (6215): 1320–1331. doi:10.1126/science.1253451.CS1-vedlikehold: Eksplisitt bruk av m.fl. (link)
  3. ^ Prum, R. O., Berv, J. S., Dornburg, A., Field, D. J., Townsend, J. P., Lemmon, E. M., & Lemmon, A. R. (2015). A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing[død lenke]. Nature, 526(7574), 569. doi:10.1038/nature15697[død lenke]
  4. ^ Gerald Mayr, Avian Evolution: The Fossil Record of Birds and Its Paleobiological Significance. John Wiley & Sons, 31. okt. 2016. ISBN 978-1119020769
  5. ^ Yuri, T. et al. (2013) Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals. Biology, 2(1):419-444. doi:10.3390/biology2010419

Eksterne lenker

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wikipedia NO

Mirandornithes: Brief Summary ( 挪威語 )

由wikipedia NO提供

Mirandornithes er en klade som inkluderer Phoenicopteriformes (flamingofugler) og Podicipediformes (dykkerfugler). Disse har tidligere hatt en problematisk plassering. Flamingofuglene var tidligere plassert i ulike grupper under Neognathae, blant annet med storker og ender, og dykkerfuglene var tidligere plassert med lommer (Gaviiformes). Det er imidlertid nå bekreftet at Phoenicopteriformes og Podicipediformes danner ei selvstendig monofyletisk gruppe og er søstergrupper.

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Mirandornithes ( 葡萄牙語 )

由wikipedia PT提供

Columbimorphae é um clado que contém aves das ordens Podicipediformes (mergulhões) e Phoenicopteriformes (flamingos).[1] Muitos ornitólogos usam o termo Phoenicopterimorphae para a superordem contendo flamingos e mergulhões.

Referências

  1. Sangster, G (2005). «A name for the flamingo-grebe clade». Ibis. 147: 612–615. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.2005.00432.x
 title=
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wikipedia PT

Mirandornithes: Brief Summary ( 葡萄牙語 )

由wikipedia PT提供

Columbimorphae é um clado que contém aves das ordens Podicipediformes (mergulhões) e Phoenicopteriformes (flamingos). Muitos ornitólogos usam o termo Phoenicopterimorphae para a superordem contendo flamingos e mergulhões.

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미란도르니테스류 ( 韓語 )

由wikipedia 한국어 위키백과提供

미란도르니테스류(Mirandornithes, Sangster (2005)[1])는 홍학목논병아리목으로 이루어진 조류 분류군이다. 다수의 학자들은 홍학상목(Phoenicopterimorphae)에 포함하여 분류한다.[2][3]

하위 분류

계통 분류

2021년 브라운(Braun)과 킴볼(Kimball) 등의 연구에 의한 신조류 계통 분류이다.[4]

신조류

미란도르니테스류

  비둘기류  

비둘기목

     

사막꿩목

   

메사이트목

      Passerea 느시류  

뻐꾸기목

   

느시목

     

부채머리목

   

도요목

   

두루미목

   

호아친목

   

수좌류

  왜가리류  

수조류

   

뱀눈새류

     

육조류

     

각주

  1. Sangster, G. (2005) A name for the flamingo-grebe clade. Ibis. 147:612–615.
  2. Joel Cracraft; 외. “Justifications of names for higher taxa” (PDF).
  3. Jarvis, E.D.; 외. (2014년 12월 12일). “Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds”. 《Science》 346 (6215): 1320–1331. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. PMC 4405904. PMID 25504713.
  4. Braun, E.L. & Kimball, R.T. (2021) Data types and the phylogeny of Neoaves. Birds, 2(1), 1-22; https://doi.org/10.3390/birds2010001
 title=
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wikipedia 한국어 위키백과