dcsimg

Trophic Strategy ( 英語 )

由Fishbase提供
Inhabits open waters of lakes and large rivers; also coastal waters of Hudson Bay (Ref. 9988). Nerito-pelagic, feeds on plankton and large crustaceans (Ref. 58426). Adult fish retain the ability to use either particulate or filter-feeding modes (Ref. 46977).
許可
cc-by-nc
版權
FishBase
Recorder
Pascualita Sa-a
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fishbase

Migration ( 英語 )

由Fishbase提供
Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
許可
cc-by-nc
版權
FishBase
Recorder
Susan M. Luna
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fishbase

Diseases and Parasites ( 英語 )

由Fishbase提供
Enteric Redmouth Disease. Bacterial diseases
許可
cc-by-nc
版權
FishBase
Recorder
Allan Palacio
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fishbase

Biology ( 英語 )

由Fishbase提供
Inhabits open waters of lakes and large rivers, and also coastal waters of Hudson Bay (Ref. 9988, 86798). Nerito-pelagic species that feeds on plankton and large crustaceans (Ref. 58426). Utilized fresh, smoked, and frozen; can be steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9988).
許可
cc-by-nc
版權
FishBase
Recorder
Susan M. Luna
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fishbase

Importance ( 英語 )

由Fishbase提供
fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
許可
cc-by-nc
版權
FishBase
Recorder
Susan M. Luna
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
Fishbase

Coregonus artedi ( 加泰隆語 )

由wikipedia CA提供

Coregonus artedi és una espècie de peix de la família dels salmònids i de l'ordre dels salmoniformes.

Morfologia

Els mascles poden assolir els 57 cm de llargària total i 3.350 g de pes.[3][4][5]

Alimentació

Menja plàncton i crustacis.[6]

Hàbitat

Viu a les aigües obertes de llacs i grans rius, i també a les aigües costaneres de la Badia de Hudson.[7]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba a Nord-amèrica: Canadà i nord dels Estats Units, però és rar als Grans Llacs.[8]

Ús gastronòmic

Es comercialitza fresc, fumat i congelat per a ésser cuinat al vapor, fregit, rostit, bullit, al forn i al microones.[7]

Longevitat

Viu fins als 11 anys.[9]

Referències

  1. Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema Naturae, Ed. X. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae. Systema Nat. ed. 10 v. 1. i-ii + 1-824.
  2. 2,0 2,1 BioLib (anglès)
  3. FishBase (anglès)
  4. Page, L.M. i B.M. Burr 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Estats Units. 432 p.
  5. International Game Fish Association 1991. World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, Estats Units.
  6. Coad, B.W. i J.D. Reist 2004. Annotated list of the arctic marine fishes of Canada. Can. MS Rep. Fish Aquat. Sci. 2674:iv:+112 p.
  7. 7,0 7,1 Frimodt, C. 1995. Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, Anglaterra. 215 p.
  8. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (UICN). 1990 IUCN red list of threatened animals. UICN, Gland, Suïssa i Cambridge, Gran Bretanya. 288 p.
  9. Hugg, D.O. 1996. MAPFISH georeferenced mapping database. Freshwater and estuarine fishes of North America. Life Science Software. Dennis O. and Steven Hugg, 1278 Turkey Point Road, Edgewater, Maryland, Estats Units.

Bibliografia


Enllaços externs

En altres projectes de Wikimedia:
Commons
Commons Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
Viquiespècies
Viquiespècies
許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Autors i editors de Wikipedia
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia CA

Coregonus artedi: Brief Summary ( 加泰隆語 )

由wikipedia CA提供

Coregonus artedi és una espècie de peix de la família dels salmònids i de l'ordre dels salmoniformes.

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Autors i editors de Wikipedia
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia CA

Amerikanische Kleine Maräne ( 德語 )

由wikipedia DE提供
 src=
Amerikanische Kleine Maräne

Die Amerikanische Kleine Maräne (Coregonus artedi) ist ein Süßwasserfisch aus der Unterfamilie Coregoninae. Die Art wird in ihrem Verbreitungsgebiet englisch oft als Cisco bezeichnet.

Merkmale

Die Amerikanische Kleine Maräne weist, wie auch die meisten anderen Maränen, eine heringsartige Gestalt sowie auch eine Fettflosse auf. Sie verfügt des Weiteren über eine Vielzahl silbriger Rundschuppen und erreicht eine Länge von maximal 57 Zentimetern, wird für gewöhnlich aber nicht länger als 29,3 Zentimeter. Das höchste bei dieser Art je festgestellte Gewicht betrug 3,4 Kilogramm.

Verbreitung

Die Amerikanische Kleine Maräne ist ein anadromer Wanderfisch und in Kanada und dem Norden der Vereinigten Staaten vom Sankt-Lorenz-Strom bis zu den Großen Seen und von der Arktis bis in das obere Flusstal des Mississippi weit verbreitet.

Lebensweise

Die Amerikanische Kleine Maräne lebt pelagisch und hält sich vorzugsweise in Seen und großen Flüssen oder in Küstennähe auf, auch Tauchtiefen von über 50 m sind keine Seltenheit. Er ernährt sich von Plankton und größeren Krebstieren. Bei einer Länge von 171 mm wird er üblicherweise geschlechtsreif. Außerdem bevorzugt er eine Temperatur von nicht über 26 °C.

Gefährdung

In der Roten Liste der IUCN ist der Cisco als ungefährdet ("Lower Risk: least concern") aufgeführt.

Nutzung

Die Amerikanische Kleine Maräne wird sowohl als Sportfisch als auch als kommerziell genutzter Speisefisch gern verwendet, denn sie ist wohlschmeckend und kann sowohl frisch, geräuchert als auch gefroren verwendet werden. Sie wird auch gedünstet, geröstet, gekocht, im Ofen gebacken oder in der Mikrowelle erhitzt.

Weblinks

 src=
– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
 title=
許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia DE

Amerikanische Kleine Maräne: Brief Summary ( 德語 )

由wikipedia DE提供
 src= Amerikanische Kleine Maräne

Die Amerikanische Kleine Maräne (Coregonus artedi) ist ein Süßwasserfisch aus der Unterfamilie Coregoninae. Die Art wird in ihrem Verbreitungsgebiet englisch oft als Cisco bezeichnet.

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia DE

Coregonus artedi ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

Coregonus artedi, commonly known as the cisco, is a North American species of freshwater whitefish in the family Salmonidae. The number of species and definition of species limits in North American ciscoes is a matter of debate. Accordingly, Coregonus artedi may refer either in a narrow sense to one of the several types of cisco found e.g. in the Great Lakes, or in a broad sense to the complex of all ciscoes in continental North American lakes, Coregonus artedi sensu lato.

Coregonus artedi, narrow sense

Narrowly defined, Coregonus artedi is known variously with the common names cisco, northern cisco, lake herring, chub or tullibee and its Anishinaabe name Odoonibiins. It is a pelagic fish occurring in the midwater zone of cold water lakes in North America. In the northern and western parts of its range it is also found in large rivers.

This species occasionally grows as large as 40 cm and 2.3 kg (five pounds), but is more commonly 28 to 38 cm long and 170 to 907 grams (six ounces to two pounds) in weight. It is slender-bodied and silvery with pinkish iridescence on its sides.

Diet is predominantly zooplankton and insect larvae, although fish eggs and larvae, including those of their own species are also documented. Small fish, including some minnow species, are also known to be consumed at times.

Northern cisco are preyed upon by a wide variety of predatory species, and have a particularly important place in the diet of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). It is also a common food of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), northern pike (Esox lucius), burbot (Lota lota), yellow perch, (Perca flavescens) and walleye (Sander vitreum) where the species overlap ranges.

The abundance of northern cisco in the North American Great Lakes is much reduced from the levels of the 19th Century. Once abundant in all five lakes, it is now common only in Lake Superior. The Lake Huron population has been increasing recently, perhaps as a consequence of low alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) abundance. Limited numbers have also reappeared in Lake Michigan's lower Green Bay. Numbers in Lakes Erie and Ontario remain far below historical levels. The reduced abundance is believed to result from the cumulative effects of several factors, including the expansion of non-native species such as alewife, rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). These species prey on and compete with various life stages of northern cisco. It is unclear what effect the annual stocking of several million non-native Pacific salmon in the Great Lakes has had on northern cisco.

Additionally, substantial environmental degradation in some parts of the range has undoubtedly contributed to the stresses on northern cisco populations. The populations are therefore believed to be more vulnerable to the effects of exploitation than previously, even at levels of harvest lower than what was once sustainable. The cisco is also very sensitive to changes in temperature and levels of dissolved oxygen.

Northern cisco are fished commercially and for sport. In the early years of the fishery, herring provided some of the largest catches from the Great Lakes and, when salted down or smoked for preservation, provisioned much of the surrounding territory. Northern cisco roe is also valued on the international market.

The Coregonus artedi species complex

The northern cisco or lake herring discussed above is one of several closely related North American species or forms of cisco. The group is the subject of considerable debate about the taxonomic independence and relationships of the different forms, and it has been credibly argued that they all comprise merely one highly variable larger species that also includes the ecologically and morphologically separable fishes, including the following at least (some of which may be extinct):

Collectively, these fishes are often referred to as a species complex, the Coregonus artedi complex, or as Coregonus artedi sensu lato (broad sense).[3]

Fishing

Commercial fishing

Commercial fishing for northern cisco in Lake Superior and the Northern Channel of Lake Huron is a very important economical source for communities in the Great Lakes region.[4] Commercial fishing for northern cisco began in the 1800s. Initially, in Lake Ontario, northern cisco were destroyed because they were thought of as a nuisance. However, there is evidence of a turnaround in the perception of northern cisco by 1833, where northern cisco were targeted and thought of as better eating than the related lake whitefish.[5] In Ontario, the yield of northern cisco was 328 tonnes in 2018. This number is substantially lower than previous years dating back to 2012, all of which numbered over 350 tonnes. This decline was due to a reduction of quotas for commercial fisheries in hopes to combat a possible population decline.[6]

While northern cisco does play an important role in the diet of many people still, its primary utility from commercial sources is for its roe. Caviar of northern cisco has become popular in Scandinavian culture, and is the leading cause of demand for northern cisco in recent decades.[7] Smaller northern cisco can also be gill-netted and sold as bait for use in recreational fishing.[8]

Recreational fishing

Northern cisco are fished recreationally in many parts of the United States and Canada. They are popular to catch, especially while ice fishing when they are more likely to be found in the shallower parts of the Great Lakes.[9] Recreational fishing is not restricted to the Great Lakes. There is unique popularity for ice fishing in Lake Simcoe, where the fishery reopened in 2015 after a successful population rehabilitation.[10]

References

  1. ^ Gimenez Dixon, M. (1996). "Coregonus artedi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T5362A11123201. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T5362A11123201.en. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  2. ^ Coregonus hubbsi Archived 2016-06-27 at the Wayback Machine. Michigan Natural Features Inventory. 2007. Rare Species Explorer, Michigan State University, accessed August 14, 2012
  3. ^ Eshenroder, R.L.; Vecsei, P.; Gorman, O.T.; Yule, D.L.; Pratt, T.C.; Mandrak, N.E.; Bunnell, D.B.; Muir, A.M. (2016). Ciscoes (Coregonus, subgenus Leucichthys) of the Laurentian Great Lakes and Lake Nipigon (PDF). Great Lakes Fishery Commission.
  4. ^ "Lake herring". www.fws.gov. Retrieved 2020-03-28.
  5. ^ Kerr, S. J. 2010. Fish and Fisheries Management in Ontario: A Chronology of Events. Biodiversity Branch. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Peterborough, Ontario. 80 p. + appendices.
  6. ^ "Fisheries Statistics - Ontario Commercial Fisheries". www.ocfa.ca. Retrieved 2020-03-04.
  7. ^ "Europe's Taste For Caviar Is Putting Pressure On A Great Lakes Fish". NPR.org. Retrieved 2020-03-04.
  8. ^ Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Northwestern Region Commercial Bait fish Procedure 1992.10.21
  9. ^ "Lake Herring, Coregonus artedi". www.arctic.uoguelph.ca. Retrieved 2020-03-04.
  10. ^ "Lake Simcoe Fishing - Lake Herring (Cisco)". sites.google.com. Retrieved 2020-03-04.
許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedia authors and editors
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia EN

Coregonus artedi: Brief Summary ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

Coregonus artedi, commonly known as the cisco, is a North American species of freshwater whitefish in the family Salmonidae. The number of species and definition of species limits in North American ciscoes is a matter of debate. Accordingly, Coregonus artedi may refer either in a narrow sense to one of the several types of cisco found e.g. in the Great Lakes, or in a broad sense to the complex of all ciscoes in continental North American lakes, Coregonus artedi sensu lato.

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedia authors and editors
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia EN

Coregonus artedi ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

由wikipedia ES提供

Coregonus artedi es una especie de peces Salmoniformes de la familia Salmonidae.

Morfología

Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 57 cm de longitud total Y 3.350 g de peso.[1][2][3]

Puede llegar a vivir 11 años.

Alimentación

Come plancton y crustáceos

Hábitat

Vive en las aguas abiertas de lagos y grandes ríos, y también en las aguas costeras de la Bahía de Hudson.[4]

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentra en Norteamérica: Canadá y norte de los Estados Unidos, pero es raro en los Grandes Lagos de América del Norte.

Uso gastronómico

Se comercializa fresco, ahumado y congelado para ser cocinado al vapor, frito, asado, hervido, al horno y al microondas.

Referencias

  1. FishBase (en inglés)
  2. Page, L.M. y B.M. Burr 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Estados Unidos. 432 p.
  3. International Game Fish Association 1991. World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, Florida, Estados Unidos.
  4. Frimodt, C. 1995. Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish. Fishing News Books, Osney Mead, Oxford, Inglaterra. 215 p.

 title=
許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia ES

Coregonus artedi: Brief Summary ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

由wikipedia ES提供

Coregonus artedi es una especie de peces Salmoniformes de la familia Salmonidae.

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia ES

Coregonus artedi ( 巴斯克語 )

由wikipedia EU提供

Coregonus artedi Coregonus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Salmonidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Coregonus artedi FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia EU

Coregonus artedi: Brief Summary ( 巴斯克語 )

由wikipedia EU提供

Coregonus artedi Coregonus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Salmonidae familian sailkatzen da.

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia EU

Amerikanmuikku ( 芬蘭語 )

由wikipedia FI提供

Amerikanmuikku (Coregonus artedi) on siikojen sukuun kuuluva, Pohjois-Amerikan pohjoisosien sisävesissä elävä suhteellisen pienikokoinen lohikalalaji.

Amerikanmuikun tuntomerkki on leukojen suhteellinen pituus: sen ylä- ja alaleuat ovat keskenään jokseenkin saman pituiset, kun taas samojen vesien sillisiialla (Coregonus clupeaformis) yläleuka on alaleukaa pidempi, kuten eurooppalaisella siiallakin.

Pohjois-Amerikan Suurten järvien alueella esiintyy useita muikun tapaisia, elintavoiltaan ja esiintymiseltään eroavia siikakaloja, joita on perinteisesti pidetty erillisinä lajeina. Näitä yleisnimellä "cisco" kutsuttuja lajeja ovat Coregonus artedin ohella Coregonus alpenae, Coregonus johannae, Coregonus hoyi, Coregonus kiyi, Coregonus nigripinnis, Coregonus reighardi ja Coregonus zenithicus, joista osa katsotaan jo hävinneiksi.[2] Geneettisten tutkimusten perusteella on päätelty, etteivät nämä muodot kuitenkaan edusta itsenäisiä lajeja vastaavia erillisiä kehityslinjoja, vaan ekologinen ja morfologinen eriytyminen on tapahtunut itsenäisesti eri järvissä. Kehityksen tulos voidaan pikemmin katsoa yhden lajin sisäiseksi monimuotoisuudeksi, joka kaikki sisältyy laajennettuun amerikanmuikun käsitteeseen Coregonus artedi sensu lato.[2]

Amerikanmuikku ei ole eurooppalaisen muikun lähisukulainen, vaan edustaa siitä erillistä kehityslinjaa siikojen suvussa yhdessä omulsiian kanssa.[3]

Katso myös

Lähteet

  1. Gimenez Dixon, M.: Coregonus artedi IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. 1996. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 22.08.2013. (englanniksi)
  2. a b Turgeon, J. & Bernatchez, L. (2003) Reticulate evolution and phenotypic diversity in North American ciscoes, Coregonus ssp. (Teleostei: Salmonidae): implications for the conservation of an evolutionary legacy Conservation Genetics 4: 67–81.
  3. Bernatchez L, Colombani F, Dodson JJ (1991) Phylogenetic relationships among the subfamily Coregoninae as revealed by mitochondrial DNA restriction analysis Journal of Fish Biology 39 (Suppl A):283-290.
許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedian tekijät ja toimittajat
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia FI

Amerikanmuikku: Brief Summary ( 芬蘭語 )

由wikipedia FI提供

Amerikanmuikku (Coregonus artedi) on siikojen sukuun kuuluva, Pohjois-Amerikan pohjoisosien sisävesissä elävä suhteellisen pienikokoinen lohikalalaji.

Amerikanmuikun tuntomerkki on leukojen suhteellinen pituus: sen ylä- ja alaleuat ovat keskenään jokseenkin saman pituiset, kun taas samojen vesien sillisiialla (Coregonus clupeaformis) yläleuka on alaleukaa pidempi, kuten eurooppalaisella siiallakin.

Pohjois-Amerikan Suurten järvien alueella esiintyy useita muikun tapaisia, elintavoiltaan ja esiintymiseltään eroavia siikakaloja, joita on perinteisesti pidetty erillisinä lajeina. Näitä yleisnimellä "cisco" kutsuttuja lajeja ovat Coregonus artedin ohella Coregonus alpenae, Coregonus johannae, Coregonus hoyi, Coregonus kiyi, Coregonus nigripinnis, Coregonus reighardi ja Coregonus zenithicus, joista osa katsotaan jo hävinneiksi. Geneettisten tutkimusten perusteella on päätelty, etteivät nämä muodot kuitenkaan edusta itsenäisiä lajeja vastaavia erillisiä kehityslinjoja, vaan ekologinen ja morfologinen eriytyminen on tapahtunut itsenäisesti eri järvissä. Kehityksen tulos voidaan pikemmin katsoa yhden lajin sisäiseksi monimuotoisuudeksi, joka kaikki sisältyy laajennettuun amerikanmuikun käsitteeseen Coregonus artedi sensu lato.

Amerikanmuikku ei ole eurooppalaisen muikun lähisukulainen, vaan edustaa siitä erillistä kehityslinjaa siikojen suvussa yhdessä omulsiian kanssa.

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedian tekijät ja toimittajat
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia FI

Coregonus artedi ( 荷蘭、佛萊明語 )

由wikipedia NL提供

Vissen

Coregonus artedi is een soort houting. Houtingen vormen een uitgebreide (onder-)familie van de orde zalmachtigen (Salmoniformes).De soort wordt ook wel als ondersoort beschouwd van Coregonus autumnalis. Het is een vissort uit het noorden van de Verenigde Staten en Canada die daar bekend is onder diverse namen waarvan meest bekend is de naam lake cisco.[2]

Kenmerken

Deze houtingsoort kan maximaal 57 centimeter lang en 3,35 kilogram zwaar worden. Mannetjes zijn over het algemeen wat kleiner dan vrouwtjes en krijgen in de paaitijd parelachtige wratjes op de flanken. Hij heeft een staalblauwe rug. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd is 11 jaar.

Leefwijze

Deze scholenvis voedt zich met plankton en macrofauna.

Leefomgeving

Coregonus artedi komt voor in het noorden van Noord-Amerika in de Sint Lawrencebaai, de Hudsonbaai, de Grote Meren en de bovenlopen van de Mississippi. De vis leeft in grote, open wateren, zowel zoet als zout, in meren en rivieren en in kustwateren.

Status en relatie tot de mens

Coregonus artedi is een vis die om zijn smaak wordt gewaardeerd en voor zowel de beroeps- als de sportvisserij van belang is. Er zijn geen factoren bekend die schadelijk zijn voor het voortbestaan van deze houtingsoort. Om deze reden staat Coregonus alpinus als niet bedreigd op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN.[1]

Afbeeldingen

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia NL

Coregonus artedi: Brief Summary ( 荷蘭、佛萊明語 )

由wikipedia NL提供

Coregonus artedi is een soort houting. Houtingen vormen een uitgebreide (onder-)familie van de orde zalmachtigen (Salmoniformes).De soort wordt ook wel als ondersoort beschouwd van Coregonus autumnalis. Het is een vissort uit het noorden van de Verenigde Staten en Canada die daar bekend is onder diverse namen waarvan meest bekend is de naam lake cisco.

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia NL

Coregonus artedi ( 葡萄牙語 )

由wikipedia PT提供

Coregonus artedi, comumente conhecido como cisco, é uma espécie norte-americana de peixe branco de água doce da família Salmonidae. O número de espécies e a definição dos limites das espécies nas ciscoes da América do Norte é uma questão de debate. Conseqüentemente, Coregonus artedi pode se referir tanto em sentido estrito a um dos vários tipos de cisco encontrados, por exemplo, nos Grandes Lagos, quanto em sentido amplo ao complexo de todos os ciscoes em lagos continentais da América do Norte, Coregonus artedi sensu lato.[1]

Coregonus artedi, sentido estrito

Definido de forma restrita, Coregonus artedi é conhecido de várias maneiras com os nomes comuns cisco, cisco do norte, arenque do lago, chub ou tullibee e seu nome Anishinaabe Odoonibiins. É um peixe pelágico que ocorre na zona de meia água de lagos de água fria na América do Norte. Nas partes norte e oeste de sua distribuição também é encontrada em grandes rios.

Esta espécie ocasionalmente cresce até 40 cm e 2,3 kg (cinco libras), mas é mais comumente 28 a 38 cm de comprimento e 170 a 907 gramas (seis onças a duas libras) de peso. É esguio e prateado com iridescência rosada nas laterais.

A dieta é predominantemente zooplanctônica e larvas de insetos, embora ovos e larvas de peixes, incluindo as de suas próprias espécies, também estejam documentados. Peixes pequenos, incluindo algumas espécies de peixinhos, também são consumidos às vezes.

Os cisco do norte são predados por uma grande variedade de espécies predatórias e têm um lugar particularmente importante na dieta da truta do lago ( Salvelinus namaycush ). É também um alimento comum de truta arco-íris ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), lúcio ( Esox lucius ), burbot ( Lota lota ), perca amarela ( Perca flavescens ) e walleye ( Sander vitreum ) onde as espécies se sobrepõem.

A abundância de cisco do norte nos Grandes Lagos da América do Norte é muito reduzida em relação aos níveis do século XIX. Antes abundante em todos os cinco lagos, agora é comum apenas no Lago Superior. A população do Lago Huron tem aumentado recentemente, talvez como consequência da baixa abundância de alewife ( Alosa pseudoharengus). Números limitados também reapareceram na parte baixa de Green Bay do Lago Michigan. Os números nos lagos Erie e Ontário permanecem muito abaixo dos níveis históricos. Acredita-se que a abundância reduzida resulte dos efeitos cumulativos de vários fatores, incluindo a expansão de espécies não nativas, como alewife, arco-íris ( Osmerus mordax ) e lampreia marinha ( Petromyzon marinus ). Essas espécies predam e competem com vários estágios de vida do norte do cisco. Não está claro que efeito o estoque anual de vários milhões de salmão não nativo do Pacífico nos Grandes Lagos teve sobre o norte do cisco.

Além disso, a degradação ambiental substancial em algumas partes da faixa sem dúvida contribuiu para o estresse nas populações de cisco do norte. Portanto, acredita-se que as populações estão mais vulneráveis aos efeitos da exploração do que antes, mesmo em níveis de colheita mais baixos do que o que antes era sustentável. O cisco também é muito sensível a mudanças de temperatura e níveis de oxigênio dissolvido.

O cisco do norte é pescado comercialmente e por esporte. Nos primeiros anos da pesca, o arenque forneceu algumas das maiores capturas dos Grandes Lagos e, quando salgado ou fumado para preservação, provisionou grande parte do território circundante. Ovas de Cisco do Norte também são valorizadas no mercado internacional.

O complexo de espécies Coregonus artedi

O cisco do norte ou arenque de lago discutido acima é uma das várias espécies ou formas de cisco da América do Norte intimamente relacionadas. O grupo é o assunto de um debate considerável sobre a independência taxonômica e as relações das diferentes formas, e foi argumentado com credibilidade que todos eles compreendem apenas uma espécie maior e altamente variável que também inclui os peixes ecologicamente e morfologicamente separáveis, incluindo pelo menos os seguintes (alguns dos quais podem estar extintos):

  • Coregonus alpenae - longjaw cisco (extinto)
  • Coregonus artedi sensu stricto - cisco, cisco do norte ou arenque do lago
  • Coregonus johannae - cisco de águas profundas (extinto)
  • Coregonus hoyi - inchado
  • Coregonus kiyi - kiyi
  • Coregonus nigripinnis - blackfin cisco (extinto)
  • Coregonus Reighardi - shortnose cisco (possivelmente extinto)
  • Coregonus zenithicus - shortjaw cisco
  • Coregonus hubbsi - Lago Ives cisco (possivelmente extinto)[2]

Coletivamente, esses peixes são freqüentemente referidos como um complexo de espécies, o complexo Coregonus artedi, ou como Coregonus artedi sensu lato (sentido amplo).[3]

Pescaria

Pesca comercial

A pesca comercial do cisco do norte no Lago Superior e do Canal do Norte do Lago Huron é uma fonte econômica muito importante para as comunidades da região dos Grandes Lagos.[4] A pesca comercial para o norte do cisco começou no século XIX. Inicialmente, no Lago Ontário, o norte do cisco foi destruído porque foi considerado um incômodo. No entanto, há evidências de uma reviravolta na percepção do cisco do norte por volta de 1833, onde o cisco do norte foi visado e considerado melhor para comer do que o peixe branco do lago relacionado.[5] Em Ontário, o rendimento do cisco do norte foi de 328 toneladas em 2018. Este número é substancialmente menor do que nos anos anteriores, que remontam a 2012, todos com mais de 350 toneladas. Este declínio deveu-se a uma redução das quotas para a pesca comercial na esperança de combater um possível declínio da população.[6]

Embora o cisco do norte ainda desempenhe um papel importante na dieta de muitas pessoas, sua principal utilidade de fontes comerciais é para suas ovas. O caviar do cisco do norte tornou-se popular na cultura escandinava e é a principal causa de demanda do cisco do norte nas últimas décadas.[7] O cisco menor do norte também pode ser capturado com rede e vendido como isca para uso na pesca recreativa.[8]

Pesca Recreativa

O cisco do norte é pescado recreacionalmente em muitas partes dos Estados Unidos e Canadá. Eles são populares para pescar, especialmente durante a pesca no gelo, quando é mais provável que sejam encontrados nas partes mais rasas dos Grandes Lagos.[9] A pesca recreativa não se restringe aos Grandes Lagos. Há uma popularidade única para a pesca no gelo no Lago Simcoe, onde a pescaria foi reaberta em 2015 após uma reabilitação populacional bem-sucedida.[10]

Referências

  1. «Coregonus artedi» (em inglês). ITIS (www.itis.gov)
  2. Coregonus hubbsi Arquivado 2016-06-27 no Wayback Machine. Michigan Natural Features Inventory. 2007. Rare Species Explorer, Michigan State University, accessed August 14, 2012
  3. Eshenroder, R.L.; Vecsei, P.; Gorman, O.T.; Yule, D.L.; Pratt, T.C.; Mandrak, N.E. (2016). Ciscoes (Coregonus, subgenus Leucichthys) of the Laurentian Great Lakes and Lake Nipigon (PDF). [S.l.]: Great Lakes Fishery Commission
  4. «Lake herring». www.fws.gov. Consultado em 28 de março de 2020
  5. Kerr, S. J. 2010. Fish and Fisheries Management in Ontario: A Chronology of Events. Biodiversity Branch. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Peterborough, Ontario. 80 p. + appendices.
  6. "Fisheries Statistics - Ontario Commercial Fisheries". www.ocfa.ca. Retrieved 2020-03-04.
  7. "Europe's Taste For Caviar Is Putting Pressure On A Great Lakes Fish". NPR.org. Retrieved 2020-03-04.
  8. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Northwestern Region Commercial Bait fish Procedure 1992.10.21
  9. "Lake Herring, Coregonus artedi". www.arctic.uoguelph.ca. Retrieved 2020-03-04.
  10. "Lake Simcoe Fishing - Lake Herring (Cisco)". sites.google.com. Retrieved 2020-03-04.
 title=
許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Autores e editores de Wikipedia
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia PT

Coregonus artedi: Brief Summary ( 葡萄牙語 )

由wikipedia PT提供

Coregonus artedi, comumente conhecido como cisco, é uma espécie norte-americana de peixe branco de água doce da família Salmonidae. O número de espécies e a definição dos limites das espécies nas ciscoes da América do Norte é uma questão de debate. Conseqüentemente, Coregonus artedi pode se referir tanto em sentido estrito a um dos vários tipos de cisco encontrados, por exemplo, nos Grandes Lagos, quanto em sentido amplo ao complexo de todos os ciscoes em lagos continentais da América do Norte, Coregonus artedi sensu lato.

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Autores e editores de Wikipedia
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia PT

Coregonus artedi ( 越南語 )

由wikipedia VI提供

Coregonus artedi là một loài cá nước ngọt thuộc họ Cá hồi. Loài cá này sinh sống ở Bắc Mỹ.

Chú thích

Liên kết ngoài


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết Lớp Cá vây tia này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia VI

Coregonus artedi: Brief Summary ( 越南語 )

由wikipedia VI提供

Coregonus artedi là một loài cá nước ngọt thuộc họ Cá hồi. Loài cá này sinh sống ở Bắc Mỹ.

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia VI

湖白鮭 ( 漢語 )

由wikipedia 中文维基百科提供
二名法 Coregonus artedi
Lesueur, 1818

湖白鮭,為輻鰭魚綱鮭形目鮭科的其中一,為溫帶魚類,廣泛分布於北美洲加拿大哈德遜灣魁北克亞伯達省聖羅倫斯河五大湖美國密西西比河等淡水、半鹹水及海域,體長可達57公分,棲息在河川、湖泊開放水域,成群活動,會進行洄游,以甲殼類浮游生物等為食,生活習性不明,可做為食用魚。

参考文献

擴展閱讀

 src= 維基物種中有關湖白鮭的數據

 title=
許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
维基百科作者和编辑
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia 中文维基百科

湖白鮭: Brief Summary ( 漢語 )

由wikipedia 中文维基百科提供

湖白鮭,為輻鰭魚綱鮭形目鮭科的其中一,為溫帶魚類,廣泛分布於北美洲加拿大哈德遜灣魁北克亞伯達省聖羅倫斯河五大湖美國密西西比河等淡水、半鹹水及海域,體長可達57公分,棲息在河川、湖泊開放水域,成群活動,會進行洄游,以甲殼類浮游生物等為食,生活習性不明,可做為食用魚。

許可
cc-by-sa-3.0
版權
维基百科作者和编辑
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
wikipedia 中文维基百科

Distribution ( 英語 )

由World Register of Marine Species提供
Widely distributed throughout Canada and the USA to Ohio and Minnesota.

參考資料

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

許可
cc-by-4.0
版權
WoRMS Editorial Board
貢獻者
Kennedy, Mary [email]
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
World Register of Marine Species

Habitat ( 英語 )

由World Register of Marine Species提供
freshwater; brackish; marine ; depth range - 50 m

參考資料

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

許可
cc-by-4.0
版權
WoRMS Editorial Board
貢獻者
Kennedy, Mary [email]
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
World Register of Marine Species

Habitat ( 英語 )

由World Register of Marine Species提供
nektonic

參考資料

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

許可
cc-by-4.0
版權
WoRMS Editorial Board
貢獻者
Kennedy, Mary [email]
原始內容
參訪來源
合作夥伴網站
World Register of Marine Species