Distribucion General: Se distribuye desde Costa Rica hasta el norte de Venezuela y la parte central de Perú.
Se alimentan de insectos pequeños, arañas y sus larvas y huevos.
Se reproducen de marzo a junio.
Los adultos duermen solos en nidos similares, aunque con frecuencia de construcción ligera.
Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Cynffon adfach fannog (sy'n enw benywaidd; enw lluosog: cynffonnau adfach mannog) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Margarornis brunnescens; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Spotted barbtail. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Adar Pobty (Lladin: Furnariidae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes.[1]
Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn M. brunnescens, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.[2] Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yn Ne America a Gogledd America.
Mae'r cynffon adfach fannog yn perthyn i deulu'r Adar Pobty (Lladin: Furnariidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:
Rhestr Wicidata:
rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Cropiwr amlresog Dendrocolaptes picumnus Cropiwr planalto Dendrocolaptes platyrostris
Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Cynffon adfach fannog (sy'n enw benywaidd; enw lluosog: cynffonnau adfach mannog) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Margarornis brunnescens; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Spotted barbtail. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Adar Pobty (Lladin: Furnariidae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes.
Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn M. brunnescens, sef enw'r rhywogaeth. Mae'r rhywogaeth hon i'w chanfod yn Ne America a Gogledd America.
The spotted barbtail (Premnoplex brunnescens) is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.
The spotted barbtail was described in 1856 from a type specimen collected in Bogota, Colombia. It was previously considered to be the same species as the white-throated barbtail (Premnoplex tatei) of Venezuela, and is now classified as a sister species to that bird. Five subspecies are recognized within P. brunnescens, although they are considerably differentiated genetically, and may constitute separate species. The five subspecies are P. b. brunneicauda, found in Costa Rica and Western Panama; P. b. brunnescens, found in Eastern Panama, the neighboring regions of Western Colombia, and the mountains of Western Venezuela south to Ecuador and Peru; P. b. coloratus, restricted to the Santa Marta Mountains in Northern Colombia; P. b. rostratus, restricted to the coastal mountains of Northern Venezuela; and P. b. stictonotus, found in the Andes from Southern Peru to Western and central Bolivia.[2]
The spotted barbtail ranges from 13 to 15 centimetres (5.1 to 5.9 in) in length, and from 14 to 19 grams in weight. The species does not exhibit sexual dimorphism; males and females are alike. Within its family the spotted barbtail is small and dark, with rich patterning on its underside. The forehead is dark greyish-brown, with spots that are tawny or ochraceous in color. The bird has a narrow supercilium, formed by a series of closely spaced spots above and behind the eye. Similar lines of spots extend down the neck from the supercilium. The crown of the head is also grey brown, with dark-edged feathers, giving the bird a scalloped appearance. The spots on the forehead fade into the crown. The back is dark brown, blackish-edged feathers, similar to but less conspicuous than on the crown. The rump has the same scalloped appearance, and has a slight chestnut hue.[2]
The uppertail coverts are chestnut-brown in color, while the wings are largely dark brown. The primary coverts are darker than the rest of the wing, while the other coverts have darker centers. The central feathers of the tail are somewhat stiffened. The tips of all the tail feathers lack barbs, giving the tail a "spiny" appearance. The bird's throat is also tawny in color, with brownish edging to the feathers. Birds within the subspecies albescens have a paler whitish throat. The belly and breast of the bird are dull brown with elongated spots that are tawny in color and outlined in dark brown. The spots are largest on the breast, becoming smaller and less visible approaching the vent, while they fade into streaking on the flanks. The undertail coverts are also dull brown with a faint spots. The upper mandible of the bird's beak is black or dark brown, while the lower mandible varies between greyish-pink to horn-colored, and occasionally has a darker tip. The iris is black. The spotted barbtail is similar in appearance to the white-throated barbtail, but is distinguished by having spots that are tawny rather than white, smaller and less dense spots on its breast, and a shallower beak.[2]
The spotted barbtail has been reported to feed on beetles, various hymenopteran insects, cockroach eggs, and spiders. The foraging behavior of the species seems to vary regionally; it has been reported as feeding alone, as feeding in pairs or family groups, and in mixed-species flocks. The spotted barbtail feeds in the forest understorey, though it may infrequently venture higher up some trees. It may be seen climbing along branches, including very thin ones. It often uses its tail for support, and sometimes may be seen hanging upside-down, or hanging on the underside of a branch. It is a gleaner, searching for food on mossy sections of trees, crevices in tree bark, and among epiphytes.[2]
The spotted barbtail is thought to be a monogamous species. It has been observed to breed largely from March to June in the Central American parts of its range, while in the Andes, eggs have been observed in March and June, and nestlings in April. Two eggs are laid at a time; the eggs are completely white, and are approximately 22 mm (0.9 in) long by 17 mm (0.7 in) wide, making them disproportionately large relative to the bird itself. They are usually incubated for 27 days. Nestlings are looked after for approximately three weeks. Both sexes participate in parental care. The nest of the species is described as a "massive ball" made of lichen, liverworts, and moss, along with tiny roots, that is approximately 30 cm (12 in) in diameter. The ball has a tube-like entrance at its base, with a short tunnel leading to a central space 6 to 8 cm (2.4 to 3.1 in) across that is lined with fibres and moss. The nest is usually placed in a shaded area close to a stream, and is built in a crevice in a tree or rock, or hanging under a branch or fallen log. It is usually within a couple of meters of the ground.[2]
The spotted barbtail is found in evergreen montane forest : in the Talamancan montane forests and throughout the northern Andes. It exhibits a preference for areas with moss and epiphytes. In Central America it occurs between 1,200 to 2,300 metres (3,900 to 7,500 ft) above sea level, whereas in the Andes it is found from 900 to 2,600 m (3,000 to 8,500 ft), extending occasionally up to 3,000 m (9,800 ft), and down to 650 m (2,130 ft) in the Western Andes. It is common across its distribution, and has been found in fragmented as well as intact habitat. It is not considered threatened globally. It is a sedentary species.[2]
The spotted barbtail (Premnoplex brunnescens) is a species of bird in the family Furnariidae. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.
El subepalo moteado[4] (en Costa Rica, Panamá y Ecuador) (Premnoplex brunnescens), también denominado corretroncos barranquero (en Colombia), fafao punteado (en Venezuela), cola-púa moteada (en Perú) o pijuí manchado,[3] es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Furnariidae propia de las montañas de América del Sur y Central.
Se distribuye por las montañas de América Central, desde Costa Rica y Panamá, por la montañas del norte de Colombia y Venezuela, y a lo largo de los Andes, desde el oeste de Venezuela, por Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, hasta el centro de Bolivia.[5]
Esta especie es considerada bastante común en su hábitat natural, el sotobosque de bosques húmedos tropicales de montaña y de piedemonte, principalmente en altitudes entre 900 y 2500 m.[6]
La especie P. brunnescens fue descrita por primera vez por el zoólogo británico Philip Lutley Sclater en 1856 bajo el nombre científico Margarornis brunnescens; su localidad tipo es: «Bogotá».[5]
El nombre genérico masculino «Premnoplex» deriva del griego «premnom»: tronco de árbol, y «plēssō»: golpear, significando «que golpea los troncos de los árboles»;[7] y el nombre de la especie «brunnescens», proviene del latín moderno: algo pardo, parduzco.[8]
La especie Premnoplex tatei ya fue considerada una subespecie de la presente pero ambas difieren en el hábitat, el comportamiento y la vocalización,[9] y están genéticamente bien separadas.[10]
Un estudio reciente encontró una significativa diferencia genética entre todas las subespecies actualmente listadas –por Aves del Mundo (HBW)–, sugiriendo que todas ellas (incluyendo la población del centro de Perú) podrían merecer el tratamiento como especies separadas.[11] Las poblaciones de Trujillo y Barinas (Venezuela) son colocadas tentativamente en la nominal, pendientes de más estudios. Las subespecies propuestas de Panamá albescens (este de Darién) y mnionophilus (Cerro Campana) son consideradas indistinguibles de la nominal, y la subespecie distinctus (Veraguas) indistinguible de brunneicauda.[5]
Según la clasificación del Congreso Ornitológico Internacional (IOC)[12] se reconocen seis subespecies, con su correspondiente distribución geográfica:[5]
La clasificación Clements Checklist v.2018,[13] lista ocho subespecies, incluyendo mnionophilus y distinctus comentadas más arriba.
|formato= requiere |url= (ayuda)) (en inglés). Año:2018. El subepalo moteado (en Costa Rica, Panamá y Ecuador) (Premnoplex brunnescens), también denominado corretroncos barranquero (en Colombia), fafao punteado (en Venezuela), cola-púa moteada (en Perú) o pijuí manchado, es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Furnariidae propia de las montañas de América del Sur y Central.
Premnoplex brunnescens Premnoplex generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Furnariidae familian sailkatua dago.
Premnoplex brunnescens Premnoplex generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Furnariidae familian sailkatua dago.
Pisaraorneero,[2] aikaisemmalta nimeltään täpläväkäpyrstö[3] (Premnoplex brunnescens) on orneeroiden heimoon kuuluva varpuslintu.
Pisaraorneeroa tavataan Boliviassa, Costa Ricassa, Ecuadorissa, Kolumbiassa, Panamassa, Perussa ja Venezuelassa. Lajia on kuvattu melko yleiseksi, ja sen kanta on vakaa. Se on luokiteltu elinvoimaiseksi.[1]
Pisaraorneero, aikaisemmalta nimeltään täpläväkäpyrstö (Premnoplex brunnescens) on orneeroiden heimoon kuuluva varpuslintu.
De vlekborstboomloper (Premnoplex brunnescens) is een zangvogel uit de familie Furnariidae (ovenvogels).
Deze soort komt voor van Costa Rica tot noordwestelijk Venezuela en centraal Bolivia en telt 6 ondersoorten:
De vlekborstboomloper (Premnoplex brunnescens) is een zangvogel uit de familie Furnariidae (ovenvogels).
Fläckig piggstjärt[2] (Premnoplex brunnescens) är en fågel i familjen ugnfåglar inom ordningen tättingar.[3] IUCN kategoriserar arten som livskraftig.[1]
Fläckig piggstjärt delas in i åtta underarter med följande utbredning:[3]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör fläckig piggstjärt.
Wikispecies har information om Premnoplex brunnescens.
Fläckig piggstjärt (Premnoplex brunnescens) är en fågel i familjen ugnfåglar inom ordningen tättingar. IUCN kategoriserar arten som livskraftig.
Fläckig piggstjärt delas in i åtta underarter med följande utbredning:
Premnoplex brunnescens brunneicauda – subtropiska höglandet i Costa Rica och västra Panama Premnoplex brunnescens distinctus – subtropiska bergen i centrala Panama (Veraguas) Premnoplex brunnescens mnionophilus – bergstrakter i Panama (västra San Blas) Premnoplex brunnescens albescens – subtropiska bergstrakter i östra Panama (Cerro Tacarcuna) Premnoplex brunnescens coloratus – subtropiska Santa Marta-bergen (nordöstra Colombia) Premnoplex brunnescens brunnescens – Anderna i Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador och norra Peru Premnoplex brunnescens stictonotus – sydöstra Peru (Puno) och västra Bolivia (La Paz och Cochabamba) Premnoplex brunnescens rostratus – bergstrakter i norra Venezuela (Lara, Aragua, Carabobo och Miranda)Premnoplex brunnescens là một loài chim trong họ Furnariidae.[1]
Bài viết liên quan họ chim Furnariidae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Premnoplex brunnescens là một loài chim trong họ Furnariidae.
