定義： A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water.
定義： The duration of the development from fertilized, deposited or implanted egg to hatching/birth. Corresponds to egg incubation duration in oviparous animals and to gestation period duration in viviparous animals.
定義： An interaction relationship involving a predation process, where the subject kills the target in order to eat it or to feed to siblings, offspring or group members
