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Polycyathus muellerae ( 英語 )

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Polycyathus muellerae is a small species of coral in the family Caryophylliidae in the order Scleractinia, the stony corals. It is native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It is a large polyp, colonial coral and grows under overhangs and in caves as part of an assemblage of organisms suited to these poorly-lit sites.

Description

Bleached and in vivo coral colonies of
Polycyathus muellerae (right column: C,D).
Scale bars: A, C = 1 cm; B, D = 0.5 cm.

Polycyathus muellerae is a colonial species of coral with large polyps. The individual polyps are at first joined by an encrusting basal lamina but with time this may get worn away and other organisms may take up residence between the polyps. Growth in this species is achieved by budding from the basal lamina, and the rather diffuse colonies may be a metre or so in diameter. Each individual polyp sits in a corallite or stony cup, about 6 mm (0.24 in) in diameter and 10 mm (0.4 in) high. The corallites have up to four cycles of toothed septa (stony ridges) making 48 septa in total. Both corallites and polyps are brown and the tentacles, 3 to 4 mm (0.12 to 0.16 in) long, have white granulations and white cylindrical tips.[2]

Distribution and habitat

This species is native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Mediterranean Sea. It normally avoids direct sunlight and grows in caves and under overhangs at depths of 30 m (100 ft) or less. [2]

Ecology

P. muellerae is a non-zooxanthellate coral; it does not have a symbiotic relationship with microscopic dinoflagellates as do most corals, instead obtaining all its nutrition from the planktonic organisms caught by the polyps. Asexual reproduction by budding increases the size of the colony. Sexual reproduction has not been observed in this species, but the fact that the coral has a widespread distribution suggests that it is likely to occur. This coral is sometimes parasitized by the barnacle Megatrema anglicum.[2]

A study of the assemblages of organisms living in caves in southern Italy found that in the best-lit places near the entrance, algae were plentiful and in the deepest parts of the interior sponges predominated. In the intermediate zone there were corals including Polycyathus muellerae, hydroids, serpulid worms, bivalves, worm snails, bryozoans and sea squirts.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b Cairns, Stephen (2015). "Polycyathus muellerae (Abel, 1959)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
  2. ^ a b c "Polycyathus muellerae (Abel, 1959)". DORIS. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
  3. ^ Bussotti, S.; Terlizzi, A.; Fraschetti, S.; Belmonte, G.; Boero, F. (2006). "Spatial and temporal variability of sessile benthos in shallow Mediterranean marine caves". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 325: 109–119. doi:10.3354/meps325109. ISSN 0171-8630.
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Polycyathus muellerae: Brief Summary ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

Polycyathus muellerae is a small species of coral in the family Caryophylliidae in the order Scleractinia, the stony corals. It is native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It is a large polyp, colonial coral and grows under overhangs and in caves as part of an assemblage of organisms suited to these poorly-lit sites.

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Polycyathus muellerae ( 法語 )

由wikipedia FR提供

Polycyathus muellerae est une espèce de coraux de la famille des Caryophylliidae.

Systématique

L'espèce Polycyathus muellerae a été initialement décrite en 1959 par le biologiste autrichien Erich F. Abel (d) (1919-1995) sous le protonyme de Cladocora muellerae[2].

Répartition et habitat

Polycyathus muellerae se rencontre à une profondeur comprise entre 0 et 30 m[2].

Publication originale

  • (de) Erich F. Abel, « Zur Kenntnis der marinen Hohlenfauna unter besonderer Beriicksichtigung der Anthozoen », Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli, Naples, vol. 30,‎ 1959, p. 1-94.

Notes et références

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Polycyathus muellerae: Brief Summary ( 法語 )

由wikipedia FR提供

Polycyathus muellerae est une espèce de coraux de la famille des Caryophylliidae.

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Polycyathus muellerae ( 義大利語 )

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Polycyathus muellerae (Abel, 1959) è una madrepora della famiglia Caryophylliidae.[2]

Descrizione

 src=
 src=
Coralliti (C) e polipi (D).

È una madrepora coloniale che forma aggregazioni formate da piccoli coralliti cilindrici di colore brunastro, alti 10 e con un diametro di 6 mm, collegati da una lamina basale incrostante.[3] Talora i coralliti non sono a stretto contatto l'uno con l'altro, sono spaziati, e la lamina basale che li collega è invasa da altri organismi incrostanti.

I coralliti hanno coste poco marcate e presentano sino a 48 setti disposti radialmente in 4 cicli, con bordi dentellati; la columella è assente, il che comporta la presenza di una ampia cavità al centro del calice.

I polipi, di colore brunastro nelle zone più luminose, trasparenti nelle aree in ombra, hanno tentacoli di 3-4 mm, translucidi, con piccole verrucosità biancastre e una piccola bolla bianca all'apice.

Biologia

È una specie azooxantellata, cioè priva di zooxantelle simbionti.[3]

Distribuzione e habitat

Polycyathus muellerae ha un areale Atlanto-Mediterraneo. Nell'Atlantico è presente nelle acque di Madeira, delle isole Canarie e dell'Algarve (Portogallo). Nel Mediterraneo, è nota in Spagna (stretto di Gibilterra, isole Baleari, Cabrera, coste di Almería e Granada), Francia (golfo del Leone, acque costiere di Marsiglia, isola di Port-Cros), Italia (golfo di Genova, Sardegna (Capo Caccia), Sicilia, golfo di Napoli e penisola sorrentina), Tunisia (isola di Zembra), Malta, Croazia (Prvić, Kornati), Grecia (in tutto il mar Egeo), Libano, Israele, Cipro, nello stretto dei Dardanelli e nel mar di Marmara.[1] Nelle acque del mar Adriatico, al largo delle coste della Puglia, concorre alla formazione di ambienti di barriera corallina mesofotica.[4]

È una specie sciafila, che vive in grotte e strapiombi, da qualche metro sino a oltre 30 m di profondità.[3]

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Orejas, C., Casado de Amezua, P., Bo, M., Garcia, S. & Cerrano, C. 2015, Polycyathus muellerae, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020. URL consultato il 10 marzo 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) Polycyathus muellerae, in WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species). URL consultato il 10 marzo 2020.
  3. ^ a b c (FR) Polycyathus muellerae (Abel, 1959), su DORIS - Données d'Observations pour la Reconnaissance et l'Identification de la faune et la flore Subaquatiques. URL consultato il 10 marzo 2020.
  4. ^ (EN) Corriero G., Pierri C., Mercurio M. et al., A Mediterranean mesophotic coral reef built by non-symbiotic scleractinians, in Scientific Reports, vol. 9, n. 3601, 2019.

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Polycyathus muellerae: Brief Summary ( 義大利語 )

由wikipedia IT提供

Polycyathus muellerae (Abel, 1959) è una madrepora della famiglia Caryophylliidae.

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Polycyathus muellerae ( 荷蘭、佛萊明語 )

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Polycyathus muellerae is een rifkoralensoort uit de familie van de Caryophylliidae.[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1959 door Abel.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. Cairns, S.; Hoeksema, B. (2013). Polycyathus muellerae (Abel, 1959). Geraadpleegd via: World Register of Marine Species op http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=135165
Geplaatst op:
15-03-2013
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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Biology ( 英語 )

由World Register of Marine Species提供
azooxanthellate

參考資料

van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO).

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Depth range ( 英語 )

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0-30 m
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Stephen Cairns [email]
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Habitat ( 英語 )

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shelf

參考資料

van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO).

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