Hypostomus arecuta Cardoso, Almirón, Casciotta, Aichino, Lizarralde & Montoya-Burgos 2012

Differs from its congeners by the following combination of characters: dorsum of head and body and all fins dark grey covered by numerous rounded cream dots; ventral surface of head and belly a plain cream color; 66-85 premaxillary/dentary teeth; cleithral width 3.0-3.4 in SL; abdominal length 3.9-4.5 in SL; eye diameter 5.2-6.2 in HL; pelvic fin-spine length 3.9-4.5 in SL; caudal peduncle depth 8.3-9.6 in SL; upper caudal-ray length 2.8-3.6 in SL; lower caudal-ray length 2.4-3.5 in SL; right mandibular ramus 3.9-4.6 in HL; dorsal spine length with mean 31.6 % SL; length of right mandibular ramus 3.9-4.6 in HL; abdominal length 3.9-4.5 in SL; head depth 1.6-1.7 in HL;, interorbital width 2.6-3.0 in HL; predorsal length 2.3-2.6 in SL; pectoral-fin spine length 2.8-3.3 in SL; caudal peduncle length 3.0-3.6 in SL; scutes along lateral line 26-28 (mode 27); scutes between end of dorsal fin to adipose fin 5-6 (mode 6) ; scutes from adipose to caudal fins 3-5 (mode 5), and scutes from anal to caudal fins 12-14 (mode 14) (Ref. 91776).

Dorsal spines (total): 2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 7; Analspines: 1; Analsoft rays: 4

Found in coastal areas of main river channel with bottom composed mostly by large boulders of sandstone with patches of sand and pebbles. Occurs in well oxygenated waters having moderate current speed, about 0.60 m s-1, water transparency of 1.5-2.40 m and conductivity of 50.9-59.6 μS cm-1 . Sympatric with Hypostomus commersoni, H. cochliodon,, H. uruguayensis, H. latifrons, H. ternetzi, H. luteomaculatus, H. microstomus, and H. boulengeri (Ref. 91776).

Hypostomus arecuta is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is a freshwater fish native to South America, where it occurs in the Paraná River in Argentina.

H. arecuta is typically found in coastal areas of the main river channel, in areas with a high oxygen concentration, moderate currents (around 0.6 m/s) and substrates composed of sand, pebbles, and large sandstone boulders. The water in which H. arecuta occurs is reported to usually have a transparency of 1.5 to 2.4 m (possibly referring to visibility) and a conductivity of 50.9 to 59.6 μS/cm.

H. arecuta reaches 24.3 cm (9.6 inches) SL and is believed to be a facultative air-breather. It is known to be sympatric with multiple other Hypostomus species, including H. commersoni, H. cochliodon, H. uruguayensis, H. latifrons, H. ternetzi, H. luteomaculatus, H. microstomus, and H. boulengeri. Its specific epithet, arecuta, derives from the Guarani word arecutá, which means "loricariid fish".