越橘屬

heloEricaceaeEndemic to the Hawaiian IslandsLnaihale, LnaiThough all three native species are known by the Hawaiian name helo, distinctive names were given for two of them: helo ai (V. reticulatum) literally "edible helo" known for its delicious berries; and helo kau lau (V. calycinum), meaning "to put [placed] on trees," perhaps referring to the plants nature of occasionally growing in trees (ephiphytic).The early Hawaiians enjoyed eating the berries much as we do today. The fruit was not readily available as everyday food since they grew high in the mountains. But like hikers today, they were eaten when found ripe.The leaf buds, leaves and fruit were combined with other plant material for abdominal pains. The ingredients were pounded together into a mash and strained through the leaves of ahuawa (Cyperus javanicus), and drunk in the morning and evening.New leaves (liko), fruit (berries) and flowers were in used lei making.HELO and PELE:helo was considered a sacred plant by the early Hawaiians. No one was to eat any berries without first offering them to Pele, the goddess of fire, lightening, dance, volcanoes, and violence. With branches of helo berries in hand, they would say:"E Pele, eia ka helo 'au; e taumaha aku wau ia oe, e ai hoi au tetahi." (O Pele, here are your helo [branches]; I offer some to you, some I also eat.) Then, they would toss a portion of the branch with berries attached into the crater as an offering to Pele. After which they were allowed to eat some.In 1823, among the first white people to visit Klauea was Reverend William Ellis and his missionary entourage, accompanied by Hawaiians. On the journey, when the missionaries became hungry they ate some helo berries and were quickly warned to give some to Pele first before partaking of them. Ellis wrote, "We told them ...that we acknowledged Jehovah as the only divine proprietor of the fruits of this earth, and felt thankful to Him for them, especially in our present circumstances. We traveled on, regretting that the natives should indulge in notions so superstitious."Following the example of Ellis, in December 1824, the High Chieftess Kapiolani (c.1741-1841) set out on a mission from Kona to visit the still active Klauea where she would dare Pele to do her worst, even though her husband and others tried to dissaude her. She made the long journey of about one hundred miles mostly by foot with a large company. There she was met by a priestess of Pele threatening her with Pele's displeasure if she continued with her hostile errand, and prophesied that she and her followers would perish miserably. With defiance, she descended into the crater, gathered helo berries and ate them without first offering them to Pele, and threw rocks into the crater to insult the goddess. She and her eighty followers went to the edge of Halemaumau caldera and addressed her followers: "Jehovah is my God. He kindled these fires. I fear not Pele. If I persih by the anger of Pele, then you may fear the power of Pele; but if I trust in Jehovah, and he should save me from the wrath of Pele, when I break her tabus [taboos], then you must fear and serve the Lord Jehovah. All the gods of Hawaii are vain!" Then they sang hymns. There was no wrath from Pele. Kapiolani and her followers did not succumb to any horrible death as prophesized they surely would.From June to September the berries are harvested extensively on Maui and Hawaii Island to make jams and jellies. Berry collecting is allowed in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, but the amount is limited to one quart per person per month. Collecting for commercial jam production is illegal.nativeplants.hawaii.edu

Florida, United States

Washington, District of Columbia, United States

Lake Placid, Florida, United States

Maryland, United States

Christmas, Florida, United States

Boone, North Carolina, United States

Vaccinium gaultherioides Bigelow, syn.: Vaccinium uliginosum ssp. microphyllum LangeBog Bilberry, Northern Bilberry, DE: Kleinblttrige Rauschbeere, Alpen-Nebelbeere, Alpen-Rauschbeere, Alpen-MoorbeereSlo.: drobnolistna kopinicaDat.: June 30. 2009Lat.: 46.41094 Long.: 13.43833Code: Bot_359/2009_DSC0930Picture file names: from Vaccinium-gaultherioides_raw_10 to Vaccinium-gaultherioides_raw_13.Habitat: alpine pasture, locally almost flat terrain, plateau; colluvial, skeletal ground; semi dry, sunny, open place; exposed to direct rain; elevation 1.530 m (5.020 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Pecol flats, near terminal parking place of the road from Sella Nevea to Pecol flats, West Julian Alps, Friuli, Italy EC. Comment: This Arctic-Alpine floral member loves acid ground in high mountains. It grows from subalpine to alpine elevations. Such places are rare in Slovenia and this is the reason why it is almost a rare plant in my country. Not so in countries with mostly siliceous, acid ground. Vaccinium gaultherioides is widely distributed in the Alps and other European mountains. The plant's flowers and berries are quite similar to much better known wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) also named European blueberry. Both species can easily be recognized. Only bilberry has young stems green and square in cross-section with four sharp ridges. The berries of Vaccinium gaultherioides are also edible but I've never found them in a sufficient quantity to really eat them. At best one can taste them. The taste of Vaccinium gaultherioides is far inferior to the taste of wild bilberries. So, distinguishing between both species when they fruit is easy too.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 666.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 486. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 624.

Vaccinium gaultherioides Bigelow, syn.: Vaccinium uliginosum ssp. microphyllum LangeBog Bilberry, Northern Bilberry, DE: Kleinblttrige Rauschbeere, Alpen-Nebelbeere, Alpen-Rauschbeere, Alpen-MoorbeereSlo.: drobnolistna kopinicaDat.: Aug. 22. 2013Lat.: 46.44200 Long.: 13.64423Code: Bot_745/2013_DSC7579Picture file names: from Vaccinium-gaultherioides_raw_20 to Vaccinium-gaultherioides_raw_23.Habitat: alpine grassland, slightly inclined mountain slope, east aspect; skeletal, acid ground; sunny, open place; exposed to direct rain; elevation 1.980 m (6.500 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Mt. Mangart flats, southwest of the largest snow valley of Mangart's flats, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: This Arctic-Alpine floral member loves acid ground in high mountains. It grows from subalpine to alpine elevations. Such places are rare in Slovenia and this is the reason why it is almost a rare plant in my country. Not so in countries with mostly siliceous, acid ground. Vaccinium gaultherioides is widely distributed in the Alps and other European mountains. The plant's flowers and berries are quite similar to much better known wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) also named European blueberry. Both species can easily be recognized. Only bilberry has young stems green and square in cross-section with four sharp ridges. The berries of Vaccinium gaultherioides are also edible but I've never found them in a sufficient quantity to really eat them. At best one can taste them. The taste of Vaccinium gaultherioides is far inferior to the taste of wild bilberries. So, distinguishing between both species when they fruit is easy too.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 666.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 486. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 624.

Vaccinium gaultherioides Bigelow, syn.: Vaccinium uliginosum ssp. microphyllum LangeBog Bilberry, Northern Bilberry, DE: Kleinblttrige Rauschbeere, Alpen-Nebelbeere, Alpen-Rauschbeere, Alpen-MoorbeereSlo.: drobnolistna kopinicaDat.: June 30. 2009Lat.: 46.41094 Long.: 13.43833Code: Bot_359/2009_DSC0930Picture file names: from Vaccinium-gaultherioides_raw_10 to Vaccinium-gaultherioides_raw_13.Habitat: alpine pasture, locally almost flat terrain, plateau; colluvial, skeletal ground; semi dry, sunny, open place; exposed to direct rain; elevation 1.530 m (5.020 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Pecol flats, near terminal parking place of the road from Sella Nevea to Pecol flats, West Julian Alps, Friuli, Italy EC. Comment: This Arctic-Alpine floral member loves acid ground in high mountains. It grows from subalpine to alpine elevations. Such places are rare in Slovenia and this is the reason why it is almost a rare plant in my country. Not so in countries with mostly siliceous, acid ground. Vaccinium gaultherioides is widely distributed in the Alps and other European mountains. The plant's flowers and berries are quite similar to much better known wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) also named European blueberry. Both species can easily be recognized. Only bilberry has young stems green and square in cross-section with four sharp ridges. The berries of Vaccinium gaultherioides are also edible but I've never found them in a sufficient quantity to really eat them. At best one can taste them. The taste of Vaccinium gaultherioides is far inferior to the taste of wild bilberries. So, distinguishing between both species when they fruit is easy too.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 666.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 486. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 624.

Vaccinium gaultherioides Bigelow, syn.: Vaccinium uliginosum ssp. microphyllum LangeBog Bilberry, Northern Bilberry, DE: Kleinblttrige Rauschbeere, Alpen-Nebelbeere, Alpen-Rauschbeere, Alpen-MoorbeereSlo.: drobnolistna kopinicaDat.: Aug. 22. 2013Lat.: 46.44200 Long.: 13.64423Code: Bot_745/2013_DSC7579Picture file names: from Vaccinium-gaultherioides_raw_20 to Vaccinium-gaultherioides_raw_23.Habitat: alpine grassland, slightly inclined mountain slope, east aspect; skeletal, acid ground; sunny, open place; exposed to direct rain; elevation 1.980 m (6.500 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Mt. Mangart flats, southwest of the largest snow valley of Mangart's flats, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: This Arctic-Alpine floral member loves acid ground in high mountains. It grows from subalpine to alpine elevations. Such places are rare in Slovenia and this is the reason why it is almost a rare plant in my country. Not so in countries with mostly siliceous, acid ground. Vaccinium gaultherioides is widely distributed in the Alps and other European mountains. The plant's flowers and berries are quite similar to much better known wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) also named European blueberry. Both species can easily be recognized. Only bilberry has young stems green and square in cross-section with four sharp ridges. The berries of Vaccinium gaultherioides are also edible but I've never found them in a sufficient quantity to really eat them. At best one can taste them. The taste of Vaccinium gaultherioides is far inferior to the taste of wild bilberries. So, distinguishing between both species when they fruit is easy too.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 666.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 486. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 624.

Vaccinium gaultherioides Bigelow, syn.: Vaccinium uliginosum ssp. microphyllum LangeBog Bilberry, Northern Bilberry, DE: Kleinblttrige Rauschbeere, Alpen-Nebelbeere, Alpen-Rauschbeere, Alpen-MoorbeereSlo.: drobnolistna kopinicaDat.: Aug. 22. 2013Lat.: 46.44200 Long.: 13.64423Code: Bot_745/2013_DSC7579Picture file names: from Vaccinium-gaultherioides_raw_20 to Vaccinium-gaultherioides_raw_23.Habitat: alpine grassland, slightly inclined mountain slope, east aspect; skeletal, acid ground; sunny, open place; exposed to direct rain; elevation 1.980 m (6.500 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Mt. Mangart flats, southwest of the largest snow valley of Mangart's flats, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: This Arctic-Alpine floral member loves acid ground in high mountains. It grows from subalpine to alpine elevations. Such places are rare in Slovenia and this is the reason why it is almost a rare plant in my country. Not so in countries with mostly siliceous, acid ground. Vaccinium gaultherioides is widely distributed in the Alps and other European mountains. The plant's flowers and berries are quite similar to much better known wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) also named European blueberry. Both species can easily be recognized. Only bilberry has young stems green and square in cross-section with four sharp ridges. The berries of Vaccinium gaultherioides are also edible but I've never found them in a sufficient quantity to really eat them. At best one can taste them. The taste of Vaccinium gaultherioides is far inferior to the taste of wild bilberries. So, distinguishing between both species when they fruit is easy too.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 666.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 486. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 624.

Vaccinium gaultherioides Bigelow, syn.: Vaccinium uliginosum ssp. microphyllum LangeBog Bilberry, Northern Bilberry, DE: Kleinblttrige Rauschbeere, Alpen-Nebelbeere, Alpen-Rauschbeere, Alpen-MoorbeereSlo.: drobnolistna kopinicaDat.: Aug. 22. 2013Lat.: 46.44200 Long.: 13.64423Code: Bot_745/2013_DSC7579Picture file names: from Vaccinium-gaultherioides_raw_20 to Vaccinium-gaultherioides_raw_23.Habitat: alpine grassland, slightly inclined mountain slope, east aspect; skeletal, acid ground; sunny, open place; exposed to direct rain; elevation 1.980 m (6.500 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Mt. Mangart flats, southwest of the largest snow valley of Mangart's flats, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: This Arctic-Alpine floral member loves acid ground in high mountains. It grows from subalpine to alpine elevations. Such places are rare in Slovenia and this is the reason why it is almost a rare plant in my country. Not so in countries with mostly siliceous, acid ground. Vaccinium gaultherioides is widely distributed in the Alps and other European mountains. The plant's flowers and berries are quite similar to much better known wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) also named European blueberry. Both species can easily be recognized. Only bilberry has young stems green and square in cross-section with four sharp ridges. The berries of Vaccinium gaultherioides are also edible but I've never found them in a sufficient quantity to really eat them. At best one can taste them. The taste of Vaccinium gaultherioides is far inferior to the taste of wild bilberries. So, distinguishing between both species when they fruit is easy too.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 666.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 486. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 624.

Vaccinium gaultherioides Bigelow, syn.: Vaccinium uliginosum ssp. microphyllum LangeBog Bilberry, Northern Bilberry, DE: Kleinblttrige Rauschbeere, Alpen-Nebelbeere, Alpen-Rauschbeere, Alpen-MoorbeereSlo.: drobnolistna kopinicaDat.: June 30. 2009Lat.: 46.41094 Long.: 13.43833Code: Bot_359/2009_DSC0930Picture file names: from Vaccinium-gaultherioides_raw_10 to Vaccinium-gaultherioides_raw_13.Habitat: alpine pasture, locally almost flat terrain, plateau; colluvial, skeletal ground; semi dry, sunny, open place; exposed to direct rain; elevation 1.530 m (5.020 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Pecol flats, near terminal parking place of the road from Sella Nevea to Pecol flats, West Julian Alps, Friuli, Italy EC. Comment: This Arctic-Alpine floral member loves acid ground in high mountains. It grows from subalpine to alpine elevations. Such places are rare in Slovenia and this is the reason why it is almost a rare plant in my country. Not so in countries with mostly siliceous, acid ground. Vaccinium gaultherioides is widely distributed in the Alps and other European mountains. The plant's flowers and berries are quite similar to much better known wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) also named European blueberry. Both species can easily be recognized. Only bilberry has young stems green and square in cross-section with four sharp ridges. The berries of Vaccinium gaultherioides are also edible but I've never found them in a sufficient quantity to really eat them. At best one can taste them. The taste of Vaccinium gaultherioides is far inferior to the taste of wild bilberries. So, distinguishing between both species when they fruit is easy too.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 666.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 486. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 624.

Vaccinium gaultherioides Bigelow, syn.: Vaccinium uliginosum ssp. microphyllum LangeBog Bilberry, Northern Bilberry, DE: Kleinblttrige Rauschbeere, Alpen-Nebelbeere, Alpen-Rauschbeere, Alpen-MoorbeereSlo.: drobnolistna kopinicaDat.: June 30. 2009Lat.: 46.41094 Long.: 13.43833Code: Bot_359/2009_DSC0930Picture file names: from Vaccinium-gaultherioides_raw_10 to Vaccinium-gaultherioides_raw_13.Habitat: alpine pasture, locally almost flat terrain, plateau; colluvial, skeletal ground; semi dry, sunny, open place; exposed to direct rain; elevation 1.530 m (5.020 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Pecol flats, near terminal parking place of the road from Sella Nevea to Pecol flats, West Julian Alps, Friuli, Italy EC. Comment: This Arctic-Alpine floral member loves acid ground in high mountains. It grows from subalpine to alpine elevations. Such places are rare in Slovenia and this is the reason why it is almost a rare plant in my country. Not so in countries with mostly siliceous, acid ground. Vaccinium gaultherioides is widely distributed in the Alps and other European mountains. The plant's flowers and berries are quite similar to much better known wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) also named European blueberry. Both species can easily be recognized. Only bilberry has young stems green and square in cross-section with four sharp ridges. The berries of Vaccinium gaultherioides are also edible but I've never found them in a sufficient quantity to really eat them. At best one can taste them. The taste of Vaccinium gaultherioides is far inferior to the taste of wild bilberries. So, distinguishing between both species when they fruit is easy too.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 666.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 486. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 624.

Curtis's botanical magazine..London ;New York [etc.] :Academic Press [etc.].biodiversitylibrary.org/page/471977

Orinda, California, United States

Orinda, California, United States

Orinda, California, United States

Orinda, California, United States

Orinda, California, United States

Orinda, California, United States

Orinda, California, United States