Description
(
英語
)
由eFloras提供
Plants 20–80(–150) cm. Stems usually branched from mid heights or distally. Leaves 4–10 pairs, mostly cauline (evenly distributed; basal leaves often withered by flowering, 1–2 pairs, subsessile to short-petiolate); sessile (proximalmost with membranous connate-sheathing bases); blades lance-elliptic, broadly oblanceolate, or oblong, 5–20 × 2–6(–8) cm, margins entire or remotely denticulate to prominently dentate, apices acute, faces nearly glabrous or puberulent to sparsely or densely white-tomentose-pilose. Heads (1–)3–10(–16). Involucres campanulate (rarely hemispheric). Phyllaries 8–23, nearly linear to narrowly lanceolate (apices each with conspicuous tuft of white hairs). Ray florets 8–20; corollas yellow. Disc florets: corollas yellow; anthers yellow. Cypselae gray to brown, 3–8 mm, subglabrous to sparsely hirsutulous, stipitate-glandular; pappi stramineous, bristles barbellate to subplumose. 2n = 38, 57, 76.
- 許可
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- 版權
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Synonym
(
英語
)
由eFloras提供
Arnica bernardina Greene; A. chamissonis var. bernardina (Greene) Jepson ex Maguire; A. chamissonis subsp. foliosa (Nuttall) Maguire; A. chamissonis var. foliosa (Nuttall) Maguire; A. chamissonis subsp. incana (A. Gray) Maguire; A. chamissonis var. incana (A. Gray) Hultén; A. chamissonis var. interior Maguire; A. chamissonis var. jepsoniana Maguire; A. foliosa Nuttall
- 許可
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- 版權
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Comprehensive Description
(
英語
)
由North American Flora提供
Arnica foliosa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. II. 7: 407. 1841
Arnica ocreata A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 30: 201. 1900. Arnica exigua A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 30: 202. 1900. Arnica stricta A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 31: 407. 1901.
Rootstock long, horizontal; stem 2-6 dm. high, striate, more or less shortvillous, or glabrate below; stem-leaves 5-10 pairs, the lower petioled, with the bases of the petioles connate-sheathing, the upper sessile; blades of the lower leaves linear-oblanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, entire or remotely denticulate, usually densely and finely canescent and slightly glandular-puberulent, sometimes almost glabrous, 5-12 cm. long, 1-2 cm., rarely 2.5 cm. wide, the upper stem-leaves linear, sessile, acute; heads usually several; peduncles 3-10 cm. long; involucre broadly turbinate, 8-10 mm. high, 15-20 mm. broad, whitevillous; bracts about 15, linear or linear-lanceolate, obtusish or acute; ray-flowers about 15, the ligules 10-12 mm. long, 4 mm. wide; disk-corollas 7 mm. long; achenes 4-5 mm. long, sparingly pilose and somewhat glandular-granuliferous; pappus-bristles straw-colored, 6-7 mm. long, barbellate. (A. exigua A. Nels. is a depauperate form scarcely 2 dm. high.)
Type locality: Alluvial flats of the Colorado of the West [Green River), "particularly near Bear River of the Lake Timpanagos."
I ii>tribi tion: Western Ontario to Mackenzie, British Columbia, Oregon, and Colorado.
- 書目引用
- Per Axel Rydberg. 1927. (CARDUALES); CARDUACEAE; LIABEAE, NEUROLAENEAE, SENECIONEAE (pars). North American flora. vol 34(4). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Comprehensive Description
(
英語
)
由North American Flora提供
Arnica chamissonis Less. Linnaea 6: 238. 1831
Arnica monlana Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 330, in part. 1834.
Arnica columbiana Greene, Pittonia 4: 159. D 1900. Not .4. Columbiana A. Nels. S 1900.
Arnica Greenei A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 31: 406. 1901.
Rootstock long, horizontal; stem 3-7 dm. high, sulcate, rather sparingly villous, with white flat hairs; stem-leaves 5-10 pairs; blades of the lower ones lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute or acuminate at the apex, tapering below into the petiole, more or less denticulate, 5-7ribbed, green, puberulent, and somewhat glandular-granuliferous above, somewhat paler and long-villous beneath, especially along the ribs, 7— IS cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, the petioles somewhat connate and sheathing at the base, the upper leaves lanceolate, sessile, usually acuminate; heads 5-20; peduncles 5-10 cm. long; involucre broadly turbinate, about 12 mm. high and 2 cm. broad, whitevillous, especially at the base; bracts about 15, linear-lanceolate, acute; ray-flowers 12-15, the ligules 12-15 mm. long, 4 mm. wide; disk-corollas 7 mm. long; achenes
5 mm. long, sparingly hispidulous; pappus-bristles straw-colored, strongly barbellate.
Type locality: Unalaska.
Distribution: Saskatchewan to Montana, British Columbia, and Alaska.
- 書目引用
- Per Axel Rydberg. 1927. (CARDUALES); CARDUACEAE; LIABEAE, NEUROLAENEAE, SENECIONEAE (pars). North American flora. vol 34(4). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Arnica chamissonis
(
阿斯圖里亞斯語
)
由wikipedia AST提供
La árnica americano (Arnica chamissonis) ye una especie Asteraceae nativa de los praos húmedos de Norteamérica. Tien les mesmes carauterístiques que l'árnica europea (A. montana), estremándose en tener más ramificación y dellos capítulos florales.
Descripción
A. chamissonis tien les flores de color mariellu con verde xamasca de testura media.[1] Les fueyes arrexuntar en 4-10 pares.[2] Produz granes de color marrón y tien un periodu de crecedera activa dende la primavera hasta'l branu. Tien una crecedera rizomatuso y crez a un ritmu moderáu.
Distribución y hábitat
A. chamissonis ye orixinaria del oeste d'Estaos Xuníos, incluyendo Alaska, y la mayor parte de Canadá.[1] A. chamissonis ye perenne. Polo xeneral, prefier praos húmedos y montes de coníferes y, de cutiu crecen montanos y subalpinos, a una altitú de 0-3,500 metros.[2] Les granes son fácilmente disponibles y la planta puede cultivase nun xardín de casa. Prefier la esposición a plenu sol y una temperatura medio del suelu de 18-24 ° C.[3]
Propiedaes
Tien les mesmes propiedaes que Arnica montana.
Taxonomía
Arnica chamissonis describióse por Christian Friedrich Lessing y espublizóse en Linnaea, 6, p. 238, 1831.[4]
- Etimoloxía
Arnica: nome xenéricu deriváu del vocablu griegu πταρμική, del sustantivu πταρμός, tusida, pola so capacidá de faer espirriar.
chamissonis: epítetu dau n'honor del botánicu Adelbert von Chamisso (1781-1838).
- Sinonimia
-
Arnica bernardina Greene
-
Arnica bruceae Rydb.
-
Arnica cana Greene
-
Arnica celsa A.Nelson
-
Arnica chamissonis var. bernardina (Greene) Jepson ex Maguire
-
Arnica chamissonis subsp. foliosa (Nuttall) Maguire
-
Arnica chamissonis var. foliosa (Nuttall) Maguire
-
Arnica chamissonis subsp. incana (A. Gray) Maguire
-
Arnica chamissonis var. incana (A. Gray) Hultén
-
Arnica chamissonis var. interior Maguire
-
Arniaca chamissonis var. jepsoniana Maguire
-
Arnica columbiana Greene
-
Arnica exigua A.Nelson
-
Arnica foliosa Nutt.
-
Arnica foliosa var. andina Nutt.
-
Arnica foliosa var. bernardina (Greene) Jeps.
-
Arnica foliosa var. incana A.Gray
-
Arnica greenei A.Nelson
-
Arnica incana (A.Gray) Greene
-
Arnica kodiakensis Rydb.
-
Arnica lanulosa Greene
-
Arnica macilenta Greene
-
Arnica maguirei A.Nelson
-
Arnica ocreata A.Nelson
-
Arnica rhizomata A.Nelson
-
Arnica rubricaulis Greene
-
Arnica stricta A.Nelson
-
Arnica subplumosa var. macilenta (Greene) A.Nelson
-
Arnica tomentulosa Rydb.[5]A. chamissonis en Flora of North America
Ver tamién
Referencies
Enllaces esternos
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Arnica chamissonis: Brief Summary
(
阿斯圖里亞斯語
)
由wikipedia AST提供
Arnica chamissonis La árnica americano (Arnica chamissonis) ye una especie Asteraceae nativa de los praos húmedos de Norteamérica. Tien les mesmes carauterístiques que l'árnica europea (A. montana), estremándose en tener más ramificación y dellos capítulos florales.
Capítulos.
Arnica chamissonis
(
英語
)
由wikipedia EN提供
Arnica chamissonis, the Chamisso arnica,[2] is a North American species of plants in the family Asteraceae. It is very similar to Arnica montana. Arnica chamissonis is native to North America and naturalized in parts of Europe while A. montana is indigenous to Europe.[3][4]
Distribution and habitat
Arnica chamissonis is native to western North America, including Alaska, and most of Canada including Yukon and Northwest Territories.[5][6] Arnica chamissonis is perennial. It has a temperature minimum of −33 °F (−36 °C).[5] They are adapted to both coarse and medium textured soils with a pH between 6.0–7.2.[5] Since this plant uses a lot of moisture, it has a precipitation requirement of between 14–24 inches (36–61 cm).[5] It generally prefers moist meadows and conifer forests and often grows in montane to subalpine zones, 0–3,500 metres (0–11,483 ft).[7] Seeds are easily available and the plant can be grown in a home garden. It prefers full sun exposure and an average soil temperature of 65–75 °F (18–24 °C).[8]
Morphology
Arnica chamissonis has yellow flowers with green medium textured foliage.[5] The leaves of the Arnica chamissonis are grouped in 4–10 pairs.[7] It produces brown seeds and has an active growth period of the spring and summer. It has rhizomatous growth and grows at a moderate rate.[5] Rhizomatous plants have an underground stem with small fiber-like adventitious roots. A. chamissonis has a mature height of roughly 2.5 feet (76 cm).
Reproduction and growth
Arnica chamissonis has an active bloom period throughout the summer.[5] There are approximately 400,000 seeds per pound. These individuals have a medium seedling vigor and a moderate vegetative spread rate.[5] Seedling vigor refers to "the expected seedling survival percentage of the plant compared to other species with the same growth habit." A vegetative spread rate refers to how quickly a plant can spread through a given area. In general, A. chamissonis can be grown in a container, by using seeds or sprigs.[5]
Both A. montana and A. chamissonis contain the toxin helenalin.
The species is named for German poet and botanist Adelbert von Chamisso, 1781–1838.[9][10]
References
-
^ The Plant List Arnica chamissonis Less.
-
^ Calflora taxon report, University of California, Arnica chamissonis Less. Chamisso arnica
-
^ "Invasive Species Compendium, 2011 Edition". CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 2011.
-
^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Arnica montana L. includes photos and European distribution map
-
^ a b c d e f g h i USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Arnica chamissonis". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team.
-
^ Biota of North America Program, 2014 state-level distribution map
-
^ a b Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). "Arnica chamissonis". Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
-
^ "Restoration Seeds". Archived from the original on 2013-03-24.
-
^ Brummitt, R. K.; C. E. Powell (1992). Authors of Plant Names. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 978-1-84246-085-6.
-
^ Lessing, Christian Friedrich 1831. Linnaea 6(2): 238–239 in Latin
Arnica chamissonis: Brief Summary
(
英語
)
由wikipedia EN提供
Arnica chamissonis, the Chamisso arnica, is a North American species of plants in the family Asteraceae. It is very similar to Arnica montana. Arnica chamissonis is native to North America and naturalized in parts of Europe while A. montana is indigenous to Europe.
Arnica chamissonis
(
西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語
)
由wikipedia ES提供
La árnica americana (Arnica chamissonis) es una especie Asteraceae nativa de los prados húmedos de Norteamérica. Tiene las mismas características que el árnica europea (A. montana), diferenciándose en tener más ramificación y varios capítulos florales.
Descripción
A. chamissonis tiene las flores de color amarillo con verde follaje de textura media.[1] Las hojas se agrupan en 4-10 pares.[2] Produce semillas de color marrón y tiene un período de crecimiento activo desde la primavera hasta el verano. Tiene un crecimiento rizomatoso y crece a un ritmo moderado.
Distribución y hábitat
A. chamissonis es originaria del oeste de Estados Unidos, incluyendo Alaska, y la mayor parte de Canadá.[1] A. chamissonis es perenne. Por lo general, prefiere prados húmedos y bosques de coníferas y, a menudo crecen montanos y subalpinos, a una altitud de 0-3,500 metros.[2] Las semillas son fácilmente disponibles y la planta puede cultivarse en un jardín de casa. Prefiere la exposición a pleno sol y una temperatura media del suelo de 18-24 ° C.[3]
Propiedades
Tiene las mismas propiedades que Arnica montana.
Taxonomía
Arnica chamissonis fue descrita por Christian Friedrich Lessing y publicado en Linnaea, 6, p. 238, 1831.[4]
- Etimología
Arnica: nombre genérico derivado del vocablo griego πταρμική, del sustantivo πταρμός, estornudo, por su capacidad de hacer estornudar.
chamissonis: epíteto otorgado en honor del botánico Adelbert von Chamisso (1781-1838).
- Sinonimia
-
Arnica bernardina Greene
-
Arnica bruceae Rydb.
-
Arnica cana Greene
-
Arnica celsa A.Nelson
-
Arnica chamissonis var. bernardina (Greene) Jepson ex Maguire
-
Arnica chamissonis subsp. foliosa (Nuttall) Maguire
-
Arnica chamissonis var. foliosa (Nuttall) Maguire
-
Arnica chamissonis subsp. incana (A. Gray) Maguire
-
Arnica chamissonis var. incana (A. Gray) Hultén
-
Arnica chamissonis var. interior Maguire
-
Arniaca chamissonis var. jepsoniana Maguire
-
Arnica columbiana Greene
-
Arnica exigua A.Nelson
-
Arnica foliosa Nutt.
-
Arnica foliosa var. andina Nutt.
-
Arnica foliosa var. bernardina (Greene) Jeps.
-
Arnica foliosa var. incana A.Gray
-
Arnica greenei A.Nelson
-
Arnica incana (A.Gray) Greene
-
Arnica kodiakensis Rydb.
-
Arnica lanulosa Greene
-
Arnica macilenta Greene
-
Arnica maguirei A.Nelson
-
Arnica ocreata A.Nelson
-
Arnica rhizomata A.Nelson
-
Arnica rubricaulis Greene
-
Arnica stricta A.Nelson
-
Arnica subplumosa var. macilenta (Greene) A.Nelson
-
Arnica tomentulosa Rydb.[5]A. chamissonis en Flora of North America
Referencias
Arnica chamissonis: Brief Summary
(
西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語
)
由wikipedia ES提供
La árnica americana (Arnica chamissonis) es una especie Asteraceae nativa de los prados húmedos de Norteamérica. Tiene las mismas características que el árnica europea (A. montana), diferenciándose en tener más ramificación y varios capítulos florales.
Capítulos.
Arnica chamissonis
(
法語
)
由wikipedia FR提供
Arnica chamissonis, l'arnica dite américaine, est une plante herbacée vivace rhizomateuse du genre Arnica et de la famille des Asteraceae. Elle est originaire d'Amérique du Nord.
Une sous-espèce, Arnica chamissonis subsp. foliosa est considérée par les pharmacopées allemande (DA89) et européenne comme thérapeutiquement équivalente à Arnica montana. Elle a en effet une composition chimique proche, bien que distincte. Elle est beaucoup plus aisée à cultiver et, fleurissant dès l'année de mise en place, beaucoup plus productive. En cas d'allignement des pharmacopée française et autres pharmacopéés nationales sur la pharmacopée européenne, il est probable que les cultures de Arnica chamissonis subsp. foliosa remplaceront la production issue de stations sauvages de Arnica montana[1],[2].
Notes et références
-
↑ (en) World Wide Fund for Nature : Arnica montana
-
↑ (fr) La culture d'Arnica montana L. : aspects agronomiques et phytosanitaires, Delabays N ; Mange N ; Revue suisse Vitic Arboric Hortic; 23(5) Page(s)313 - 319 (1991)
Arnica chamissonis: Brief Summary
(
法語
)
由wikipedia FR提供
Arnica chamissonis, l'arnica dite américaine, est une plante herbacée vivace rhizomateuse du genre Arnica et de la famille des Asteraceae. Elle est originaire d'Amérique du Nord.
Une sous-espèce, Arnica chamissonis subsp. foliosa est considérée par les pharmacopées allemande (DA89) et européenne comme thérapeutiquement équivalente à Arnica montana. Elle a en effet une composition chimique proche, bien que distincte. Elle est beaucoup plus aisée à cultiver et, fleurissant dès l'année de mise en place, beaucoup plus productive. En cas d'allignement des pharmacopée française et autres pharmacopéés nationales sur la pharmacopée européenne, il est probable que les cultures de Arnica chamissonis subsp. foliosa remplaceront la production issue de stations sauvages de Arnica montana,.
Arnica chamissonis
(
葡萄牙語
)
由wikipedia PT提供
Arnica chamissonis é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Asteraceae. É nativa dos prados úmidos do oeste da América do Norte.
Geralmente prefere prados úmidos e florestas de coníferas e freqüentemente cresce em altitude e subalpina, até uma altitude de 3.500 metros. As sementes estão prontamente disponíveis e a planta pode ser cultivada em um jardim doméstico.
As folhas são agrupadas em 4 a 10 pares.[2] Possui flores amarelas com folhagem verde de textura média.[1] Produz sementes marrons e tem um período de crescimento ativo da primavera ao verão. Tem um crescimento rizomatoso.
Contém helenalina, uma lactona que é tóxica se ingerida, mas um ingrediente essencial em preparados anti-inflamatórios, de uso externo exclusivamente, como pomadas.[3]
Referências
-
↑ a b Lessing, Christian Friedrich (1831) Linnaea, 6(2): 238-239.
-
↑ «eFloras». Missouri Botanical Garden. St. Louis, MO: Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. 2008. Consultado em 3 de maio de 2012
-
↑ Knuesel, O.; Weber, M.; Suter, A. (2002). «Arnica montana gel in osteoarthritis of the knee: An open, multicenter clinical trial». Advances in Therapy. 19 (5). pp. 209–218. doi:10.1007/BF02850361
Arnica chamissonis: Brief Summary
(
葡萄牙語
)
由wikipedia PT提供
Arnica chamissonis é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Asteraceae. É nativa dos prados úmidos do oeste da América do Norte.
Geralmente prefere prados úmidos e florestas de coníferas e freqüentemente cresce em altitude e subalpina, até uma altitude de 3.500 metros. As sementes estão prontamente disponíveis e a planta pode ser cultivada em um jardim doméstico.
As folhas são agrupadas em 4 a 10 pares. Possui flores amarelas com folhagem verde de textura média. Produz sementes marrons e tem um período de crescimento ativo da primavera ao verão. Tem um crescimento rizomatoso.
Contém helenalina, uma lactona que é tóxica se ingerida, mas um ingrediente essencial em preparados anti-inflamatórios, de uso externo exclusivamente, como pomadas.
Arnica chamissonis
(
越南語
)
由wikipedia VI提供
Arnica chamissonis: Brief Summary
(
越南語
)
由wikipedia VI提供
Arnica chamissonis là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cúc. Loài này được Less. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1831.