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Dinidoridae ( 德語 )

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Die Dinidoridae sind eine Familie der Wanzen (Heteroptera) innerhalb der Teilordnung Pentatomomorpha. Von ihnen sind 65 Arten in 16 Gattungen bekannt.[1]

Merkmale

Die großen bis sehr großen Wanzen werden 9 bis 27 Millimeter lang und haben einen eiförmig-elliptischen, kräftig gebauten Körper. Der Kopf ist seitlich gekielt, das Schildchen (Scutellum) ist kurz.[2]

Die Fühler sind vier- oder fünfgliedrig. Zumindest das letzte und vorletzte Segment sind abgeflacht. Die kurzen Bucculae an den Labia sind erhöht, lappenförmig und hinten geschlossen. Das Labium ist kurz und reicht hinten nicht hinter die Hüften (Coxen) der Vorderbeine. Das dreieckige Schildchen (Scutellum) ist mittelmäßig groß und hat einen stumpfen oder abgerundeten Apex, der etwa bis zur Hälfte des Hinterleibs reicht. Es überdeckt das Corium nicht. Die Vorderflügel sind häufig netzförmig geadert. Die Tarsen sind zwei- oder dreigliedrig. Die Stigmen am zweiten Hinterleibssegment sind entweder vollständig sichtbar, befinden sich nicht am Vorderrand der Metapleura oder sind durch diesen Vorderrand vollständig verdeckt. Die Trichobothria am Hinterleib sind in der Regel paarweise am dritten bis siebten Sternum angeordnet (nur die Gattung Eumenotes besitzt nur ein Trichobothrium pro Segment) und schräg am großen Callus, mesad der Stigmen angeordnet. Das neunte Paratergit ist stark vergrößert.[2] Flügelpolymorphismus ist selten, es gibt jedoch Arten mit brachypteren Individuen, deren Flügel stark reduziert sind.[1]

Die Nymphen haben ihre dorsalen abdominalen Duftdrüsen nur zwischen dem vierten bis sechsten Tergum, wobei zwischen dem dritten und vierten eine Kerbe erkennbar ist.[2]

Vorkommen

Die Familie ist vor allem in der Orientalis und Afrotropis[2] und dort insbesondere in den Tropen verbreitet.[1] Die Gattung Dinidor ist jedoch neotropisch verbreitet und die Verbreitung einer Art der Gattung Megymenum reicht bis nach Australien.[2]

Lebensweise

Alle bisher bekannten Arten ernähren sich phytophag. Zumindest von neun Pflanzenfamilien sind die Tiere bekannt, meistens dürfte es sich dabei jedoch um bloße Nachweise der Tiere auf den Pflanzen handeln. Das Saugen ist zumindest an Kürbisgewächsen (Cucurbitaceae) und Hülsenfrüchtler (Fabaceae) bekannt und es dürfte sich bei diesen zwei Familien um die eigentlichen Wirte handeln. Eumenotes obscura ist auch in totem Pflanzenmaterial und an Treibgut an Flüssen nachgewiesen.[2]

Taxonomie und Systematik

Die Gruppe wurde erstmals 1870 von Carl Stål als Unterfamilie „Dinodorida“ der Baumwanzen (Pentatomidae) beschrieben. Lethierry & Severin (1893–1896) nannten das Taxon Dinidoridae, wobei unklar blieb, ob als Unterfamilie oder Familie, da die Namensendungen uneinheitlich verwendet wurden. Dennis Leston behandelte die Gruppe 1955 erstmals als Familie, gefolgt von einer Reihe von Autoren nach ihm.[2]

Die Familie wird in folgende Unterfamilien, Tribus und Gattungen unterteilt:[3]

Belege

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c Family Dinidoridae. Australian Biological Resources Study. Australian Faunal Directory, abgerufen am 27. Dezember 2013.
  2. a b c d e f g R.T. Schuh, J. A. Slater: True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 1995, S. 225ff.
  3. L. H. Rolston, D. A. Rider, M. J. Murray & R. L. Aalbu: Catalog of the Dinidoridae of the World. Papua New Guinea Journal of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries 1996, Vol. 39, Nr. 1. (online: PDF)

Literatur

  • R.T. Schuh, J. A. Slater: True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 1995.

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Dinidoridae: Brief Summary ( 德語 )

由wikipedia DE提供

Die Dinidoridae sind eine Familie der Wanzen (Heteroptera) innerhalb der Teilordnung Pentatomomorpha. Von ihnen sind 65 Arten in 16 Gattungen bekannt.

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Dinidoridae ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

The Dinidoridae are a small family of insects comprising about a hundred species in sixteen genera in the Hemipteran suborder Heteroptera, the "true bugs".[2] As a group the family does not have any common name. Until the late 19th century they were generally regarded as a subfamily of the Pentatomidae.[3]

Description

Most members of the family Dinidoridae are large and robust in build; the bodies of some species may exceed 27 mm in length. In shape they are ovoid to oblong. The head and pronotum have lateral keels. The scutellum is moderately short and blunt, typically some 50% of the abdominal length.[3]

The antennae have four or five segments, with at least two of the subapical segments more or less flattened. The antenniferous tubercles are set below the lateral head margins, and are not visible from above. The tarsi have two or three segments. In most genera trichobothria occur in pairs on the third to the seventh abdominal sterna, but Eumenotes species have only one trichobothrium per segment. Each pair of trichobothria is arranged transversely on a large callus mesad of the abdominal spiracles.[3]

Taxonomy

The taxon corresponding to the modern family Dinidoridae was originally established by Stål in 1870 as the subfamily Dinidorida of the family Pentatomidae. Subsequent authorities such as Lethierry and Severin applied the name Dinidoridae, but in a subfamily sense in spite of the implication of the suffix "-dae". Twentieth century authorities treated the Dinidoridae as a distinct family, which now is the established view.[4]

Two subfamilies are generally recognised, the Dinidorinae and the Megymeninae. They may be distinguished as follows:

Coridius spissus, a typical member of the subfamily Dinidorinae.[1]
Megymenum affine, an Australasian member of the subfamily Megymeninae
  • The subfamily Dinidorinae tend to have a smooth pronotum and to be comparatively smooth in outline; the appearance of the scutellum and the dorsum in general have a homogeneously convex appearance. In the Megymeninae the anterolateral angles of the dorsal surface of the scutellum have marked depressions.
  • Similarly in the Dinidorinae the posterolateral angles of the abdominal connexiva are smooth and appear nearly entire, whereas in the Megymeninae they are variously tuberculate or lobed.
  • Furthermore, in most of the Dinidorinae the edge of the metasternum covers the spiracles of the second abdominal segment; in the Megymeninae those spiracles are visible from the exterior.
  • The legs, and often the antennae, of Megymeninae generally are markedly spiny or setulose. In the Dinidorinae the legs are hardly spiny at all.[3]

Tribes and genera

BioLib[5] lists six tribes (and also the unplaced fossil genus †Dinidorites Cockerell, 1921) in the two subfamilies:

Dinidorinae

The Dinidorinae Stål, 1868 includes the Dinidorini, which comprises tens of species, some with four-segmented and some with five-segmented antennae.

tribe Amberianini J.A. Lis & Kocorek, 2014
tribe Dinidorini Stål, 1868
tribe Thalmini Nuamah, 1982

The tribe Thalmini contains three species, each in its own genus. All three species have two-segmented tarsi.

Megymeninae

In the subfamily Megymeninae Amyot & Serville, 1843 the lateral margins of the abdomen and commonly also of the head and pronotum are produced into lobes, tubercles, or spines. In many species the pronotum bears a dorsal anteromedian tuberosity, or a posterior transverse ridge. In most species the legs are heavily and strongly spined; in others the antennae and legs are setulose.

tribe Byrsodepsini Kocorek & Lis, 2000
tribe Eumenotini Bergroth, 1907
tribe Megymenini Amyot & Serville, 1843
  • Doesbergiana Durai, 1987 - monotypic D. borneoensis Durai, 1987
  • Megymenum Guérin-Méneville, 1831 - 23 described species: several species with expanded pronotal margins and some have reduced hemelytra and are flightless. In most species the second valvifers are reduced, lightly sclerotized, and fused mesally.[3]

Work continues in establishing the taxonomy of the family in the light of molecular genetics.[2] Current evidence suggests that Dinidoridae is in fact monophyletic and is a sister group to the Tessaratomidae. However the monogeneric tribe Eumenotini, including only the monotypic genus Eumenotes Westwood, had been seen as belonging in the Megymeninae. This however no longer seems defensible. The tribe actually looks closer to the Dinidorinae, but whether it should be assigned to Dinidorinae or to its own subfamily needs separate consideration.[2]

Biology

All Dinidoridae appear subsist strictly on the sap of host plants in various families, more than twenty in number. Known hosts include members of the following families, on some of which some of the species are recognised as pests:[6]

Distribution

Dinidoridae occur mainly in far-eastern and African regions, but the genus Dinidor occurs in neotropical regions and species of Megymenum extend down to Australia.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b Schouteden, H. ed. Wytsman P. Genera Insectorum 153rd fascicule. Heteroptera, fam. Pentatomidae subfam. Dinidorinae 1913 [1]
  2. ^ a b c Lis, Jerzy A; Lis; Pawel; Ziaja, Dariusz J; Kocorek, Anna. Systematic position of Dinidoridae within the superfamily Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) revealed by the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial 12S and 16S rDNA sequences. Zootaxa 3423: 61–68 (2012) ISSN 1175-5334
  3. ^ a b c d e Randall T. Schuh; James Alexander Slater (1995). True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera:Heteroptera): Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press. pp. 225–. ISBN 0-8014-2066-0.
  4. ^ a b Rolston, L.H.; Rider, D.A.; Murray, M.J.; Aalbu, R.L. 1996: Catalog of the Dinidoridae of the world. Papua New Guinea journal of agriculture, forestry and fisheries, 39(1): 22–101. PDF Archived 2010-07-09 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Biolib.cz: family Dinidoridae Stål, 1868 (retrieved 29 August 2020)
  6. ^ Rider, David A. North Dakota State University. [2] Archived 2014-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
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Dinidoridae: Brief Summary ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

The Dinidoridae are a small family of insects comprising about a hundred species in sixteen genera in the Hemipteran suborder Heteroptera, the "true bugs". As a group the family does not have any common name. Until the late 19th century they were generally regarded as a subfamily of the Pentatomidae.

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Dinidoridae ( 義大利語 )

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Dinidoridae Stål, 1867, è una famiglia di insetti Pentatomomorfi dell'ordine Rhynchota Heteroptera, superfamiglia Pentatomoidea. Comprende 95 specie.

Descrizione e biologia

I Dinidoridae sono insetti di grandi dimensioni, dal corpo robusto e dal profilo ellittico. Il capo è carenato lateralmente e porta antenne di 4 o 5 articoli e rostro di 4 segmenti. Lo scutello è triangolare, di medio sviluppo e non ricopre il corio delle emielitre. Le zampe hanno tarsi composti da tre segmenti. Nell'addome è presente un paio di tricobotri per ogni segmento, negli uriti III-VII.

Sono insetti fitofagi, spesso associati alle Cucurbitaceae. Sono diffusi prevalentemente nelle regioni tropicali dell'Africa e dell'Asia.

Sistematica

La famiglia comprende 95 specie ripartite fra 16 generi. Si suddivide in due sottofamiglie, a loro volta ripartite, ciascuna, in due tribù:

Bibliografia

  • (EN) Family Dinicoridae, in Australian Faunal Directory, Australian Government, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. URL consultato il 6 marzo 2009.
  • Ângelo Moreira da Costa Lima. XXII. Hemípteros in Insetos do Brasil. Tomo 2. Escola Nacional de Agronomia, 1940, 44, 51. (in portoghese).

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Dinidoridae: Brief Summary ( 義大利語 )

由wikipedia IT提供

Dinidoridae Stål, 1867, è una famiglia di insetti Pentatomomorfi dell'ordine Rhynchota Heteroptera, superfamiglia Pentatomoidea. Comprende 95 specie.

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Dinidoridae ( 挪威語 )

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Dinidoridae tilhører gruppen Pentatomoidea, en undergruppe av tegene, en gruppe av nebbmunner. De har det til felles at munndelene er sugende og at de suger opp næringen. De lever av plantesaft fra planter og trær.

Utseende

Store, brede, brunlige teger. Hodet er lengre enn bredt, med kjøler på sidene. Antennene er fire- eller fem-leddete. Sugesnabelen består av fire ledd og rekker til midtveis mellom mellom- og bakhoftene. Thorax har ofte lange pigger på sidene. Scutellum er middels stort, trekantet og dekker ikke bakkroppen. Forvingene har et nettaktig åremønster. Føttene er 3-leddete.

Levevis

Dinidoridae har ufullstendig forvandling, overgang fra nyklekt larve til det voksne kjønnsmodne insektet går gradvis gjennom flere nymfestadier. De er planteetere og ser ut for det meste å være knyttet til planter i gresskarfamilien (Cucurbitaceae). Noen arter er skadedyr, for eksempel Coridius ianus fra India. På den andre siden har én art blitt brukt som smakstilsetning ved koking av ris.

Utbredelse

Slekten Dinidor lever i Sør-Amerika, de øvrige 15 slektene i tropiske områder i den gamle verden. Utbredelsen strekker seg nordover til øst-Sibir.

Systematisk Inndeling

Treliste

Kilder

  • Rolston, R.H., Rider, D.A., Murray, M.J. og Aalbu, R.L. (1996) Catalog of the Dinidoridae of the world. Papua New Guinea Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 39: 22-101. [1]
  • Australian Faunal Directory, Family Dinidoridae. [2]

Eksterne lenker

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Dinidoridae: Brief Summary ( 挪威語 )

由wikipedia NO提供

Dinidoridae tilhører gruppen Pentatomoidea, en undergruppe av tegene, en gruppe av nebbmunner. De har det til felles at munndelene er sugende og at de suger opp næringen. De lever av plantesaft fra planter og trær.

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Dinidoridae ( 葡萄牙語 )

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Dinidoridae apesar de ter um tamanho relativamente grande (10 a 30 mm) e sua coloração aposemática, estes percevejos raramente estão representados em coleções. Compreende 115 espécies em 13 gêneros, sendo predominantemente encontrados nas regiões Afrotropical e Oriental. A família foi revisada por Durai (1987), que reconheceu as subfamílias Dinidorinae e Megymeninae (cada uma com duas tribos).[1]

Referências

  1. «BiotaNeotropica». Consultado em 19 de fevereiro de 2015
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Dinidoridae: Brief Summary ( 葡萄牙語 )

由wikipedia PT提供

Dinidoridae apesar de ter um tamanho relativamente grande (10 a 30 mm) e sua coloração aposemática, estes percevejos raramente estão representados em coleções. Compreende 115 espécies em 13 gêneros, sendo predominantemente encontrados nas regiões Afrotropical e Oriental. A família foi revisada por Durai (1987), que reconheceu as subfamílias Dinidorinae e Megymeninae (cada uma com duas tribos).

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