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Description ( 英語 )

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The one-toed amphuiuma is an eel-like aquatic salamander. The limbs are extremely tiny and there is only a single toe on each (Neill 1964). As with other members of the family Amphiumidae, there is a single gill slit, no external gills, and the eyes are lidless (Petranka 1998). The dorsum and venter are dark grayish or grayish brown and the venter is only slightly lighter than the dorsum (Means 1992; Petranka 1998). The head is conical and the snout is rounded (Means 1992). This species is considerably smaller than the other two species of Amphiuma. Adults reach 22-33 cm total length (Petranka 1998). The tail is about 25% of the total length. Larvae have branched gills which are resorbed quickly after hatching in the lab; larvae have not been found in the wild (Means 1992).The three species of Amphiuma are similar but can be differentiated based on the number of toes (one, two, or three), coloration, and body size.Because of its small size relative to other amphiumas and reduced number of toes, A. pholeter is considered a dwarf species (Neill 1964; Conant and Collins 1991). Amphiuma means and A. tridactylum are genetically similar, while A. pholeter is quite distinct and likely represents an ancient evolutionary lineage (Karlin and Means 1994).

參考資料

  • Means, D. B. (1992). "One-toed Amphiuma." Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume 3. Amphibians and Reptiles. Moler, P. E., eds., University Press of Florida, Gainsville, FL., 34-38.
  • Moler, P. E. (ed.) (1992). Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume 3. Amphibians and Reptiles. University Press of Florida
  • Neill, W. T. (1964). "A new species of salamander, Genus Amphiuma, from Florida." Herpetologica, 20, 62-66.

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Distribution and Habitat ( 英語 )

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The one-toed amphiuma has a restricted range in extreme southwestern Georgia, the Florida panhandle, northwestern peninsular Florida (Gulf Hammock region), and coastal Alabama. Populations are patchy in distribution and most occur in Florida (Means 1992; Petranka 1998). Populations occur in small ponds, creeks, and intermittent streams. Individuals prefer to occupy the thick, organic muck at the bottom of these water bodies, a factor that may be responsible for the relatively recent discovery of this species and the difficulty in finding populations (Neill 1964; Means 1992).
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( 英語 )

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Classified as Rare in Florida due to the restricted geographic range, small number of known populations, and unusual habitat type (Means 1992). The Rare status implies that populations not currently endangered or threatened are at risk due to restricted ranges or patchy distribution, both of which apply to A. pholeter (Moler 1992). The wetland habitat of one-toed amphiumas is at risk due to development and agriculture (Means 1992).
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( 英語 )

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The biology of A. pholeter is poorly known. Some features are likely similar to other species of Amphiuma (Petranka 1998). Egg laying probably takes place in the summer (June and July). The female coils around the egg mass and hatching occurs in the late summer/early fall (Means 1992).Diet consists of mud-dwelling invertebrates, including earthworms, sphaeriid clams, arthropod larvae, and beetles. Possible predators include racoons, feral pigs, mud snakes (Farancia), snapping turtles, and two-toed amphiumas. Although they tend to keep to the thick bottom-layer of muck, one-toed amphiumas must come to the surface to breathe. During dry periods and droughts, one-toed amphiumas will stay in burrows at least 12 inches underground (Means 1992).
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Einzehen-Aalmolch ( 德語 )

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Der Einzehen-Aalmolch (Amphiuma pholeter) ist die kleinste der drei Arten der Aalmolche (Amphiumidae). Er ist in Sumpfgebieten an der Westküste Floridas und im Süden Alabamas beheimatet.

Merkmale

Der Einzehen-Aalmolch erreicht eine durchschnittliche Körperlänge von etwa 21 bis 32 Zentimetern. Der Körper des Schwanzlurches ist langgezogen und besitzt keine Hinterbeine. Die kleinen Vorderbeine sind mit nur einer Zehe ausgestattet, wodurch das Tier seinen Namen erhielt. Die Körperfärbung ist grauschwarz, wobei sich die Bauchseite vom Rücken farblich nicht unterscheidet.

Verbreitung und Lebensweise

Die Art kommt disjunkt in den Sumpfgebieten an der Westküste Floridas sowie im äußersten Süden Alabamas vor.

Der Einzehen-Aalmolch lebt fast ausschließlich aquatisch. Die Tiere verstecken sich im Schlamm oder unter Detritus und ernähren sich von Insekten und anderen wirbellosen Wassertieren.

Literatur

  • Roger Conant, Joseph T. Collins: A Field Guide to Reptiles & Amphibians. Eastern and Central North America. The Peterson Field Guide Series, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston und New York 1998. ISBN 0-395-90452-8.

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Einzehen-Aalmolch: Brief Summary ( 德語 )

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Der Einzehen-Aalmolch (Amphiuma pholeter) ist die kleinste der drei Arten der Aalmolche (Amphiumidae). Er ist in Sumpfgebieten an der Westküste Floridas und im Süden Alabamas beheimatet.

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Amphiuma pholeter ( 英語 )

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The one-toed amphiuma (Amphiuma pholeter) is an aquatic, eel-like salamander native to the southeastern United States. It was unknown to science until 1950, when it was collected by herpetologist W. T. Neill. It is rarely observed in the wild, and much about the species remains uncertain.

Description

The one-toed amphiuma is considered aquatic, and ranges in coloration from gray-black to purplish-brown. Unlike the other two Amphiuma species which have distinctively lighter undersides, one-toed amphiumas are the same color on both the dorsum (back) and the venter (belly). It can also be distinguished by its cone-shaped head and toe number—one-toed amphiumas have one toe on each foot as opposed to the two or three exhibited by other Amphiuma species. It is the smallest species in the genus Amphiuma with the average adult size being 8.5 inches (220 mm).

Distribution

One-toed amphiumas are generally known only to occur in parts of the Florida panhandle, extreme southern Georgia, and southern Alabama.

Behavior

One-toed amphiumas are active mostly at night, when they forage for invertebrate prey. Their habits are similar to that of the other members of its genus, preferring slow moving or stagnant, shallow water with either muddy bottoms or areas with weedy vegetation. They have a special affinity for the semi-fluid mud deposits that accumulate in the swampy floodplains of rivers and streams or along the edges of coastal spring-fed rivers. Like all amphiumas, one-toed amphiumas eat small, aquatic invertebrates such as crayfish, annelid worms, insect larvae, and occasionally fish or amphibian larvae. Its breeding habits are largely unknown and eggs and hatchlings have never been observed.[2]

References

  1. ^ Geoffrey Hammerson, Dale Jackson (2004). "Amphiuma pholeter". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T59075A11879577. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T59075A11879577.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ Means, D.B. 1996. Amphiuma pholeter. Neill. Pp. 622.1–622.2. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, St. Louis, Missouri.
  • Mount, Robert H. 1975. The Reptiles and Amphibians of Alabama. The University of Alabama Press: Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
  • National Audubon Society Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians
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Amphiuma pholeter: Brief Summary ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

The one-toed amphiuma (Amphiuma pholeter) is an aquatic, eel-like salamander native to the southeastern United States. It was unknown to science until 1950, when it was collected by herpetologist W. T. Neill. It is rarely observed in the wild, and much about the species remains uncertain.

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Amphiuma pholeter ( 巴斯克語 )

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Amphiuma pholeter Amphiuma generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Amphiumidae familian sailkatuta dago, Caudata ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

Kanpo estekak

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Amphiuma pholeter: Brief Summary ( 巴斯克語 )

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Amphiuma pholeter Amphiuma generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Amphiumidae familian sailkatuta dago, Caudata ordenan.

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Amphiuma pholeter ( 法語 )

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Amphiuma pholeter est une espèce d'urodèles de la famille des Amphiumidae[1].

Distribution

Cette espèce est endémique des États-Unis. Elle se rencontre dans le Sud de la Géorgie, dans le Nord-Ouest de la Floride, dans le Sud de l'Alabama et dans le Sud-Est du Mississippi[1].

Description

Amphiuma pholeter mesure de 220 à 330 mm[2].

Publication originale

  • (en) Neill, 1964 : A new species of salamander, genus Amphiuma, from Florida. Herpetologica, vol. 20, no 1, p. 62-65.

Notes et références

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Amphiuma pholeter: Brief Summary ( 法語 )

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Amphiuma pholeter est une espèce d'urodèles de la famille des Amphiumidae.

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Eentenige aalsalamander ( 荷蘭、佛萊明語 )

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Herpetologie

De eentenige aalsalamander[1] (Amphiuma pholeter) is een salamander uit de familie aalsalamanders (Amphiumidae). De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Wilfred T. Neill in 1964.[2]

Uiterlijke kenmerken

De eentenige aalsalamander heeft een roze tot bruine of zwarte kleur. Het is van de drie soorten aalsalamanders de kleinste; volwassen exemplaren worden 22 tot 33 centimeter lang. De twee andere soorten worden aanzienlijk langer.

Verspreiding en habitat

De salamander leeft in de centrale en zuidelijke delen van de Verenigde Staten in de staten Alabama, Florida, Georgia en Mississippi.[3] De habitat bestaat uit vochtige tot natte delen van het landschap zoals moerassen.

Bronvermelding

Referenties
  1. Grzimek, Bernhard, Het leven der dieren deel V: Vissen (II) en amfibieën, Kindler Verlag AG, 1971, Pagina 387. ISBN 90 274 8625 5.
  2. Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History, Amphiuma pholeter.[dode link]
  3. University of California - AmphibiaWeb, Amphiuma pholeter.
Bronnen
  • (en) - Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History - Amphiuma pholeter - Website[dode link] Geconsulteerd 27 februari 2017
  • (en) - University of California - AmphibiaWeb - Amphiuma pholeter - Website
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Eentenige aalsalamander: Brief Summary ( 荷蘭、佛萊明語 )

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De eentenige aalsalamander (Amphiuma pholeter) is een salamander uit de familie aalsalamanders (Amphiumidae). De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Wilfred T. Neill in 1964.

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Amphiuma pholeter ( 葡萄牙語 )

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Amphiuma pholeter é um anfíbio caudado da família Amphiumidae endémica dos Estados Unidos da América.

Referências

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Amphiuma pholeter: Brief Summary ( 葡萄牙語 )

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Amphiuma pholeter é um anfíbio caudado da família Amphiumidae endémica dos Estados Unidos da América.

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Амфіума однопала ( 烏克蘭語 )

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Опис

Загальна довжина тулуба коливається від 21 до 33 см. Голова сплощена. Тулуб довгий, витягнутий. Паща широка. На передніх кінцівках по 1 пальцю. Забарвлення спини та черева однотонне — від сіро-чорного до пурпурово-коричневого.

Спосіб життя

Увесь час проводить у водоймах. Активна вночі. Ховається у багнюці або у смітті. Полює на здобич із засідки. Харчується амфібіями, рибою, ракоподібними, молюсками, а також комахами й водними безхребетними.

Це яйцекладна амфібія. Відкладає близько 50—70 яєць. Разом з тим процес парування та розмноження цієї амфіуми ще достатньо не вивчено.

Розповсюдження

Мешкає на південному заході США: у північно-західній Флориді, південній Джорджії, південній Алабамі, південно-східній частині Міссісіпі.

Джерела

  • Roger Conant, Joseph T. Collins: A Field Guide to Reptiles & Amphibians. Eastern and Central North America. The Peterson Field Guide Series, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston und New York 1998. ISBN 0-395-90452-8.
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