dcsimg

Behavior ( 英語 )

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Given Nilgiri martens presumably social nature, they likely communicate both vocally and chemically, through scent marking, similiarly to other martens. They likely use sight, scent, touch, and sound to perceive their environment, although little is currently known about their communication.

Communication Channels: visual ; acoustic ; chemical

Other Communication Modes: scent marks

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Webb, A. 2013. "Martes gwatkinsii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Martes_gwatkinsii.html
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Amanda Webb, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Christopher Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Laura Podzikowski, Special Projects
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Conservation Status ( 英語 )

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Nilgiri martens are listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and is listed under Appendix III under the CITES appendices. "This species is listed as Vulnerable because its entire extent of occurrence is less than 20,000 km², its distribution is severely fragmented, and there is continuing decline in the extent and quality of its forest habitat in the six discontinuous national parks where is occurs. In addition, remaining populations are severely fragmented due to a continuing decline in the extent and quality of habitat (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 2012)".

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: appendix iii

State of Michigan List: no special status

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Webb, A. 2013. "Martes gwatkinsii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Martes_gwatkinsii.html
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Amanda Webb, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Christopher Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Laura Podzikowski, Special Projects
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Benefits ( 英語 )

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Nilgiri martens have been reported raiding local bee hives and therefore has been considered a pests by local bee farmers. However, the scarcity of Nilgiri martens leads researchers to believe that the impact on the local honey industry is minimal.

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Webb, A. 2013. "Martes gwatkinsii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Martes_gwatkinsii.html
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Amanda Webb, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Christopher Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Laura Podzikowski, Special Projects
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Benefits ( 英語 )

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Nilgiri martens have been reported to be hunted for human consumption. However, due to the rarity of the species, it is unlikely that Nilgiri martens are an important food source. It is also unlikely that the fur of Nilgiri martens is valuable, as the fur of its closest relatives, yellow-throated martens, is considered to be of little value.

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Webb, A. 2013. "Martes gwatkinsii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Martes_gwatkinsii.html
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Amanda Webb, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Christopher Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Laura Podzikowski, Special Projects
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Associations ( 英語 )

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Mustelids mainly impact their environments through their effects on prey populations. "Given their strong associations with structural complexity in forests, marten and the fisher are often considered as useful barometers of forest health and have been used as ecological indicators, flagship, and umbrella species in different parts of the world, particularly in the United States, Canada, and Scandinavia. Thus, efforts to successfully conserve and manage martens and fishers are associated with the ecological fates of other forest dependent species and can greatly influence ecosystem integrity within forests that are increasingly shared among wildlife and humans (Harrison, Fuller and Proulx, 2005)."

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Webb, A. 2013. "Martes gwatkinsii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Martes_gwatkinsii.html
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Amanda Webb, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Laura Podzikowski, Special Projects
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Trophic Strategy ( 英語 )

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Martens are omnivorous. Nilgiri martens are partly frugivorous and insectivorous. They are believed to be good hunters and frequently kill and eat small mammals and birds. There have even been reports of Nilgiri martens hunting chevrotains, monitor lizards, crows, Indian giant squirrels, and cicadas. They have also been known to consume nectar in the form of honey.

Animal Foods: birds; mammals; insects

Plant Foods: fruit

Primary Diet: carnivore (Eats terrestrial vertebrates, Insectivore ); herbivore (Frugivore ); omnivore

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Amanda Webb, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Christopher Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Laura Podzikowski, Special Projects
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Distribution ( 英語 )

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Nilgiri martens (Martes gwatkinsii) are endemic to the western Ghats mountain range of southern India, which is found within the oriental geographic range.

Biogeographic Regions: oriental (Native )

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Webb, A. 2013. "Martes gwatkinsii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Martes_gwatkinsii.html
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Amanda Webb, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Christopher Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Laura Podzikowski, Special Projects
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Habitat ( 英語 )

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Nilgiri martens occur predominantly in the moist tropical rainforests of southern India at an altitudinal range of 300 to 1200 m. There have been reports of sightings in coffee, cardamom, wattle plantations, swamps, grasslands, deciduous forests, and montane-evergreen forests.

Range elevation: 300 to 1200 m.

Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest ; mountains

Wetlands: swamp

Other Habitat Features: agricultural

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Webb, A. 2013. "Martes gwatkinsii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Martes_gwatkinsii.html
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Amanda Webb, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Christopher Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Laura Podzikowski, Special Projects
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Life Expectancy ( 英語 )

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The lifespan of Nilgiri martens is currently unknown. However, a close relative, yellow-throated martens, has been known to live on average 14 years in captivity. Other martens have been known to live on average 10 to 18.1 years in captivity.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
14 years.

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Webb, A. 2013. "Martes gwatkinsii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Martes_gwatkinsii.html
作者
Amanda Webb, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Christopher Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Laura Podzikowski, Special Projects
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Morphology ( 英語 )

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Nilgiri martens average around 2.1 kg. Their body lengths are anywhere from 55 to 65 cm, with their tail length being anywhere from 40 to 45 cm. As a marten, they have a high basal metabolic rate. Their coat color is brown with a very distinct yellow or orange throat patch. Nilgiri martens are similiar in size and appearance to yellow-throated martens. Nilgiri martens are distinguished by their slightly larger size and by the structure of their skulls. Nilgiri marten braincases are flattened above with a prominent frontal concavity.

Average mass: 2.1 kg.

Range length: 55 to 65 mm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: male larger

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Webb, A. 2013. "Martes gwatkinsii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Martes_gwatkinsii.html
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Amanda Webb, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Christopher Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Laura Podzikowski, Special Projects
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Associations ( 英語 )

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Nilgiri martens have no known natural predators. However, as a small carnivore it could be vulnerable to predation by any larger predators in the area. Large predators in the Western Ghats region of southern India include leopards, sloth bears, dholes, and tigers.

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Webb, A. 2013. "Martes gwatkinsii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Martes_gwatkinsii.html
作者
Amanda Webb, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Christopher Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Laura Podzikowski, Special Projects
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Reproduction ( 英語 )

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The reproductive habits of the Nilgiri martens have not been studied. Many mustelids are polygynous, however, yellow-throated martens are known to be monogamous. As Nilgiri martens closest relatives they are presumed to share many biological and behavioral traits; therefore it is likely that Nilgiri martens are also monogamous.

Nilgiri martens reproductive habits have not been exclusively studied. However, we can presume similar reproductive behaviors to close relatives yellow-throated martens and other mustelids. Most mustelids breed seasonally. Yellow-throated martens breed between either February and March or between June and August; Nilgiri martens may follow a similar reproductive schedule. Other species of Martens undergo delayed implantation. Gestation typically lasts 30 to 65 days for mustelids. Gestation periods of yellow-throated martens last between 220 and 290 days. It is unknown whether Nilgiri martena have a similarly long gestation period as yellow-throated martens. Generally, mustelids are altricial, being born small and blind. Information on the growth and development of Nilgiri martens have not been documented. Yellow-throated martens have been recorded to have 2 to 6 kits per litter.

Breeding interval: Most mustelids breed seasonally.

Breeding season: Most mustelid breeding seasons lasts between 3 to 4 months.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous ; delayed implantation

No information is available regarding the parental investment of Nilgiri martens. Other mustelids are altricial, are weaned at 6 to 8 weeks and receive parental care until about 3 to 4 months.

Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)

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Webb, A. 2013. "Martes gwatkinsii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Martes_gwatkinsii.html
作者
Amanda Webb, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Christopher Yahnke, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point
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Laura Podzikowski, Special Projects
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Mart Nilgiri ( 布列塔尼語 )

由wikipedia BR提供

Mart Nilgiri (Martes gwatkinsii) a zo ur bronneg hag a vev e su India (en torgennoù Nilgiri hag e Ghat ar c'hornôg).

Doareoù pennañ

Heñvel ouzh ar mart gouzoug melen eo mart Nilgiri, nemet eo brasoc'h ha disheñvel framm e glopenn. Muzuliañ a ra etre 55 ha 65 cm gant ul lost 40 - 45 cm ha pouezañ a ra war-dro 2.1 kg.

Emzalc'h

Nebeut a dra a anavezer a-zivout mart Nilgiri. Un aneval-deiz eo hag er gwez e vev dreist-holl. Debriñ a ra evned, bronneged bihan hag amprevaned.

Liammoù diavaez


Commons
Muioc'h a restroù diwar-benn

a vo kavet e Wikimedia Commons.

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Mart Nilgiri: Brief Summary ( 布列塔尼語 )

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Mart Nilgiri (Martes gwatkinsii) a zo ur bronneg hag a vev e su India (en torgennoù Nilgiri hag e Ghat ar c'hornôg).

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Marta de les muntanyes Nilgiri ( 加泰隆語 )

由wikipedia CA提供

La marta de les muntanyes Nilgiri (Martes gwatkinsii) és l'única espècie de marta del sud de l'Índia. Viu als turons de les muntanyes Nilgiri i parts dels Ghats Occidentals. Se'n sap molt poca cosa. És un animal diürn i, tot i ser arborícola, a vegades baixa a terra. Es creu que caça ocells, petits mamífers i insectes com ara cicàdids.[1]

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Marta de les muntanyes Nilgiri Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
  1. Hutton, A.F. (1944) Feeding habits of the Nilgiri marten. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 48, 374-375 (anglès)


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Marta de les muntanyes Nilgiri: Brief Summary ( 加泰隆語 )

由wikipedia CA提供

La marta de les muntanyes Nilgiri (Martes gwatkinsii) és l'única espècie de marta del sud de l'Índia. Viu als turons de les muntanyes Nilgiri i parts dels Ghats Occidentals. Se'n sap molt poca cosa. És un animal diürn i, tot i ser arborícola, a vegades baixa a terra. Es creu que caça ocells, petits mamífers i insectes com ara cicàdids.

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Südindischer Buntmarder ( 德語 )

由wikipedia DE提供

Der Südindische Buntmarder (Martes gwatkinsii), auch als Indischer Charsa bezeichnet, ist eine wenig erforschte indische Marderart, die in den Westghats endemisch ist.

Merkmale

Der Südindische Buntmarder sieht dem Buntmarder sehr ähnlich. Die Männchen erreichen eine Kopf-Rumpflänge von 50 bis 70 Zentimetern, eine Schwanzlänge von 35 bis 50 Zentimetern und ein Gewicht von 1 bis 3 Kilogramm. Das Fell ist überwiegend dunkelbraun. Schultern und Torso sind rötlich braun. Die Kehle ist durch deutliche rostgelbe oder zitronengelbe Markierungen gekennzeichnet. Der Schädel ist niedrig und flach.

Lebensraum

Der Südindische Buntmarder bewohnt Wälder in Höhenlagen zwischen 120 und 2383 m.

Lebensweise

Über seine Lebensweise ist nur wenig bekannt. Er ist offenbar tagaktiv. Zu seiner Nahrung zählen Königsriesenhörnchen, Indien-Kantschile, Bengalenwarane sowie Honig und Nektar. Es wurden sowohl Einzeltiere als auch Paare beobachtet, die sich entweder auf dem Boden oder in Baumkronen aufhielten.

Status

Der Südindische Buntmarder ist durch Lebensraumzerstörung und Jagd gefährdet. Sein Lebensraum ist über das gesamte Verbreitungsgebiet hindurch fragmentiert.

Literatur

  • Serge Larivière & Andrew P. Jennings: Family Mustelidae (Weasels and relatives) In: Don E. Wilson & Russel Mittermeier (Hrsg.) Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Band 1: Carnivores. Lynx Edicions, 2009, S. 630, ISBN 978-84-96-553-49-1.
  • D. E. Wilson und D. M. Reeder: Mammal Species of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.

Weblinks

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Südindischer Buntmarder: Brief Summary ( 德語 )

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Der Südindische Buntmarder (Martes gwatkinsii), auch als Indischer Charsa bezeichnet, ist eine wenig erforschte indische Marderart, die in den Westghats endemisch ist.

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Martes gwatkinsii ( 因特語(國際輔助語言協會) )

由wikipedia emerging languages提供

Martes gwatkinsii es un specie de Martes.

Nota
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கரும்வெருகு ( 坦米爾語 )

由wikipedia emerging languages提供

கரும்வெருகு[2] அல்லது நீலகிரி மார்ட்டின் (Nilgiri marten, Martes gwatkinsii) என்பது தென்னிந்தியாவில் காணப்பபடும் ஒரேயொரு மார்ட்டின் இன விலங்கு. இது நீலகிரி மலையிலும் அதனை ஒட்டியுள்ள மேற்குத் தொடர்ச்சி மலைப்பகுதிகளிலும் காணப்படுகிறது. மார்ட்டின் எனப்படுவது முசுட்டெலிடே எனும் குடும்பத்தைச் சேர்ந்த ஊனுன்னி விலங்கு.

தோற்றக்குறிப்பு

இவ்விலங்கு மஞ்சள் கழுத்து மார்ட்டினை ஒத்திருந்தாலும் சற்றுப் பெரியது. மண்டையோட்டின் அமைப்பும் மாறுபட்டது. வால் தவிர உடல் 55 முதல் 65 செ.மீ நீளமும் வால் 40 முதல் 45 செ.மீ நீளமும் இருக்கும். எடை ஏறத்தாழ 2.1 கிலோ கொண்டது.

பரவல்

நீலகிரி மலைப்பகுதியிலும் குடகின் தென்பகுதியிலும் திருவிதாங்கூர் பகுதியிலும் காணப்படுகிறது.

பழக்கவழக்கங்கள்

இது பகலில் வேட்டையாடும் பகலாடி விலங்கு. மரத்தை வாழிடமாகக் கொண்டிருந்தாலும் அவ்வப்போது தரைக்கு வருகிறது. சிறு பாலூட்டிகள், பறவைகள், சிக்காடா பூச்சி முதலாவற்றை உணவாகக் கொள்கிறது.

உசாத்துணை

  1. "Martes gwatkinsii". பன்னாட்டு இயற்கைப் பாதுகாப்புச் சங்கத்தின் செம்பட்டியல் பதிப்பு 2008. பன்னாட்டு இயற்கைப் பாதுகாப்புச் சங்கம் (2008). Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of vulnerable
  2. சு. தியடோர் பாஸ்கரன் (2018 ஆகத்து 4). "வேட்டைக்காரன்". கட்டுரை. இந்து தமிழ். பார்த்த நாள் 5 ஆகத்து 2018.
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கரும்வெருகு: Brief Summary ( 坦米爾語 )

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கரும்வெருகு அல்லது நீலகிரி மார்ட்டின் (Nilgiri marten, Martes gwatkinsii) என்பது தென்னிந்தியாவில் காணப்பபடும் ஒரேயொரு மார்ட்டின் இன விலங்கு. இது நீலகிரி மலையிலும் அதனை ஒட்டியுள்ள மேற்குத் தொடர்ச்சி மலைப்பகுதிகளிலும் காணப்படுகிறது. மார்ட்டின் எனப்படுவது முசுட்டெலிடே எனும் குடும்பத்தைச் சேர்ந்த ஊனுன்னி விலங்கு.

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ಮರನಾಯಿ ( 康納達語 )

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ಮರನಾಯಿ ಅಥವಾ ನೀಲಗಿರಿ ಮಾರ್ಟಿನ್ (Martes gwatkinsii) ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿ ಕಂಡುಬರುವ ಮಾರ್ಟೆನ್ಗಳ ಏಕೈಕ ಜಾತಿಯಾಗಿದೆ. [ನೀಲಗಿರಿ ಬೆಟ್ಟ] ಮತ್ತು [ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಘಟ್ಟ]]ದ ​​ಭಾಗಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಇದು ಕಂಡುಬರುತ್ತದೆ.

ವಿವರಣೆ

ಮರನಾಯಿ (ನೀಲಗಿರಿ ಮಾರ್ಟೆನ್) ಹಳದಿ-ಗಂಟಲಿನ ಮಾರ್ಟೆನನ್ನು ಹೋಲುತ್ತದೆ, ಆದರೆ ತಲೆಬುರುಡೆಯು ದೊಡ್ಡ ಮತ್ತು ಮೂಲಭೂತವಾಗಿ ರಚನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಭಿನ್ನವಾಗಿದೆ. ಇದು ಸುಮಾರು ತಲೆಯಿಂದ ಮುಂದಕ್ಕೆ 55 ರಿಂದ 65 ಸೆಂ.ಮೀ ಉದ್ದವಿರುತ್ತದೆ, ಮತ್ತು ೪೦ ರಿಂದ ೪೫ ಸೆಂ.ಮೀ ಬಾಲವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿರುತ್ತದೆ. ಇದು ಸುಮಾರು ೨.೧ ಕೆಜಿ ತೂಗುತ್ತದೆ.

ಈ ಜಾತಿಯ ಮಾರ್ಟಿನ್ ಗಳು ನೀಲಗಿರಿ, ಕೊಡಗುದಿಂದ ಚಾರ್ಮಾಡಿ ಘಟ್ಟಗಳ (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ) ವರೆಗೆ ಮತ್ತು ಕೇರಳದ ಟ್ರಾವಂಕೂರನಲ್ಲಿ ವರದಿ ಮಾಡಲಾಗಿದೆ. ,[೨][೩][೪][೫][೬][೭]

ಉಲ್ಲೇಖಗಳು

  1. {{{assessors}}} (2008). Martes gwatkinsii. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 21 March 2009. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of vulnerable
  2. Christopher, G. & Jayson, E.A. (1996) Sightings of Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii Horsfield) at Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary and Silent Valley National Park, Kerala, India. Small Carnivore Conservation, 15, 3–4.
  3. Madhusudan, M.D. (1995) Sighting of the Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii) at Eravikulam National Park, Kerala, India. Small Carnivore Conservation, 13, 6–7.
  4. Gokula, V. & Ramachandran, N.K. (1996) A record of the Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii Horsfield). J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 93, 82.
  5. Mudappa, D. 1999 Lesser known carnivores of the Western Ghats IN ENVIS Bulletin : Wildlife, Protected areas: Mustelids, Viverrids and Herpestides of India 2(2): 65–70 Publisher: Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun, Editor: S. A. Hussain.
  6. Balakrishnan, P. (2005) Recent sightings and habitat characteristics of the endemic Nilgiri Marten Martes gwatkinsii in Western Ghats, India.
  7. Krishna, K. & Karnad, D. (2010) New records of the Nilgiri marten Martes gwatkinsii in the Western Ghats, India. Small Carnivore Conservation, 43, 23–27.
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ಮರನಾಯಿ: Brief Summary ( 康納達語 )

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ಮರನಾಯಿ ಅಥವಾ ನೀಲಗಿರಿ ಮಾರ್ಟಿನ್ (Martes gwatkinsii) ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿ ಕಂಡುಬರುವ ಮಾರ್ಟೆನ್ಗಳ ಏಕೈಕ ಜಾತಿಯಾಗಿದೆ. [ನೀಲಗಿರಿ ಬೆಟ್ಟ] ಮತ್ತು [ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಘಟ್ಟ]]ದ ​​ಭಾಗಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಇದು ಕಂಡುಬರುತ್ತದೆ.

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Nilgiri marten ( 英語 )

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The Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii) is the only marten species native to southern India. It lives in the hills of the Nilgiris and parts of the Western Ghats. With only around a thousand members left it is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.[1]

The Nilgiri marten is deep brown from head to rump, with the forequarters being almost reddish, with a bright throat ranging in colour from yellow to orange. It has a prominent frontal concavity and is larger than the yellow-throated marten.[2] It is about 55–65 cm (22–26 in) long from head to vent and has a tail of 40–45 cm (16–18 in). It weighs about 2.1 kg (4.6 lb).[3]: 6  The Nilgiri marten is diurnal. It is mainly arboreal, but descends to the ground occasionally. It is omnivorous and preys on birds, small mammals and insects such as cicadas.[4][2] It has also been observed feeding on a variety of fruits and seeds.[5]

Distribution and habitat

The Nilgiri marten mainly inhabits the shola grassland and high altitude evergreen forests, and occasionally the adjacent mid-altitude moist deciduous forests and commercial plantations, that span the Western Ghats in the South Indian states of Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. The marten's English common name is derived from the Nilgiri Hills that form the center of its range, but sightings have been reported as far north as Charmadi Ghat and as far south as the Neyyar and Peppara Wildlife Sanctuaries.[6][7][8][9][10][11]

The species is named after the collector Reynolds Gwatkins who gave a specimen to Colonel W.H. Sykes and was described by Thomas Horsfield from the skin in the museum of the East India Company.[12]

References

  1. ^ a b Mudappa, D.; Jathana, D. & Raman, T. R. S. (2016) [errata version of 2015 assessment]. "Martes gwatkinsii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12847A86161239. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T12847A45199025.en. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  2. ^ a b Prater, S. H. (2005) [1971]. The Book of Indian Animals (3rd ed.). Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford University Press.
  3. ^ Hussain, S. A. (1999). "Mustelids, Viverrids and Herpestids of India: Species Profile and Conservation Status". ENVIS Bulletin: Wildlife and Protected Areas. Dehradun: Wildlife Institute of India. 2 (2): 1–38. ISSN 0972-088X.
  4. ^ Hutton, A. F. (1948). "Feeding habits of the Nilgiri marten [Charronia gwatkinsii (Horsfield)]". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 48 (2): 355–356. ISSN 0006-6982.
  5. ^ Anil, G.; Kishor, N.; Gafoor, N.; Ommer, N. & Nameer, P. O. (2018). "Observations on the Nilgiri Marten Martes gwatkinsii (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mustelidae) from Pampadum Shola National Park, the southern Western Ghats, India". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 10 (1): 11226–11230. doi:10.11609/jott.3446.10.1.11226-11230.
  6. ^ Christopher, G. & Jayson, E. A. (1996). "Sightings of Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii Horsfield) at Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary and Silent Valley National Park, Kerala, India" (PDF). Small Carnivore Conservation. 15: 3–4. ISSN 1019-5041. Archived from the original on 19 April 2020.
  7. ^ Madhusudan, M. D. (1995). "Sighting of the Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii) at Eravikulam National Park, Kerala, India" (PDF). Small Carnivore Conservation. 13: 6–7. ISSN 1019-5041. Archived from the original on 19 April 2020.
  8. ^ Gokula, V. & Ramachandran, N. K. (1996). "A record of the Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii Horsfield) in Upper Bhavani". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 93 (1): 82. ISSN 0006-6982.
  9. ^ Mudappa, D. (1999). "Lesser Known Carnivores of the Western Ghats". ENVIS Bulletin: Wildlife and Protected Areas. Dehradun: Wildlife Institute of India. 2 (2): 65–70. ISSN 0972-088X.
  10. ^ Balakrishnan, P. (2005). "Recent sightings and habitat characteristics of the endemic Nilgiri Marten Martes gwatkinsii in Western Ghats, India" (PDF). Small Carnivore Conservation. 33: 14–16. ISSN 1019-5041. Archived from the original on 19 April 2020.
  11. ^ Krishna, K. & Karnad, D. (2010). "New records of the Nilgiri marten Martes gwatkinsii in the Western Ghats, India" (PDF). Small Carnivore Conservation. 43: 23–27. ISSN 1019-5041. Archived from the original on 19 April 2020.
  12. ^ A Catalogue of the Mammalia in the Museum of the Hon. East India Company. 1851. pp. 99–101.

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Nilgiri marten: Brief Summary ( 英語 )

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The Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii) is the only marten species native to southern India. It lives in the hills of the Nilgiris and parts of the Western Ghats. With only around a thousand members left it is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.

The Nilgiri marten is deep brown from head to rump, with the forequarters being almost reddish, with a bright throat ranging in colour from yellow to orange. It has a prominent frontal concavity and is larger than the yellow-throated marten. It is about 55–65 cm (22–26 in) long from head to vent and has a tail of 40–45 cm (16–18 in). It weighs about 2.1 kg (4.6 lb).: 6  The Nilgiri marten is diurnal. It is mainly arboreal, but descends to the ground occasionally. It is omnivorous and preys on birds, small mammals and insects such as cicadas. It has also been observed feeding on a variety of fruits and seeds.

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Martes gwatkinsii ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

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La marta de Nilgiri (Martes gwatkinsii) es una especie de mamífero carnívoro de la familia Mustelidae. Habita al sudeste de India y se encuentra en las colinas de Nilgiri y parte de los Ghats occidentales.

Descripción

 src=
Una marta de Nilgiri en los ghats occidentales

La marta de Nilgiri es similar a la marta de garganta amarilla (Martes flavigula), pero es más larga y diferente en la estructura de su cráneo, pues esta tiene una concavidad frontal prominente. Tiene un aspecto inconfundible, el cuello tiene una coloración que varía de amarillo a naranja que destaca sobre el cuerpo marrón.[2]​ Tiene un cuerpo de aproximadamente de 55 a 65 cm de longitud u una cola de 40 a 45 cm. Pesa cerca de 2,1 kg.[2]

Los nombres locales incluyen el nombre genérico en tamil, Maranai y en Malayalam, Karumvernku y Koduvalli.[2]

Distribución

La especie se ha reportado en las montañas de Nilgiri, sectores del sur de Kodagu y norte de Kerala.[3][4][5][6]

Ecología y comportamiento

Se conoce muy poco acerca de la marta de Nilgiri. Es un animal diurno y a pesar de ser arbóreo desciende al suelo ocasionalmente. Se ha reportado alimentándose de aves, tales como faisanes y hay testigos que vieron a una marta a la caza de un cuervo (Esto ocurrió en una zona montañosa del estado indio de Kerala), mamíferos pequeños (ardillas y ratas), lagartos e insectos como las cicadas. Hasta la fecha, la única información disponible de este depredador.[7][8]​ A partir del 2019/2020 se observó depredaciones a ardilla malabar y ataques a nido de cálao gris indio, Ashwin informó la depredación de una marta a un nido de ardillas de las palmeras.

Referencias

  1. Choudhury, A., Wozencraft, C., Muddapa, D. & Yonzon, P. (2008). «Martes gwatkinsii». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2008 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 21 de marzo de 2009. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of vulnerable
  2. a b c Zoological Survey of India, Pune [1] Accessed September 2006
  3. Christopher, G. & Jayson, E.A. (1996) Sightings of Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii Horsfield) at Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary and Silent Valley National Park, Kerala, India. Small Carnivore Conservation, 15, 3-4.
  4. Madhusudan, M.D. (1995) Sighting of the Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii) at Eravikulam National Park, Kerala, India. Small Carnivore Conservation, 13, 6-7.
  5. Gokula, V. & Ramachandran, N.K. (1996) A record of the Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii Horsfield). J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 93, 82.
  6. Muduppa, D. 1999 Lesser known carnivores of the Western Ghats IN ENVIS Bulletin : Wildlife, Protected areas: Mustelids, Viverrids and Herpestides of India 2(2): 65-70 Publisher: Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun, Editor: S. A. Hussain.
  7. Hutton, A.F. (1944) Feeding habits of the Nilgiri marten. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 48, 374-375
  8. ENVIS website [2] Accessed September 2006

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Martes gwatkinsii: Brief Summary ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

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La marta de Nilgiri (Martes gwatkinsii) es una especie de mamífero carnívoro de la familia Mustelidae. Habita al sudeste de India y se encuentra en las colinas de Nilgiri y parte de los Ghats occidentales.

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Martes gwatkinsii ( 巴斯克語 )

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Martes gwatkinsii Martes generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Mustelinae azpifamilia eta Mustelidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. Horsfield (1851) Cat. Mamm. Mus. E. India Co. 90. or..
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Martes gwatkinsii: Brief Summary ( 巴斯克語 )

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Martes gwatkinsii Martes generoko animalia da. Artiodaktiloen barruko Mustelinae azpifamilia eta Mustelidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Martes gwatkinsii ( 法語 )

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Martre de l'Inde du Sud, Marte de l'Inde du Sud, Martre des Nilgiri

La Martre de l'Inde du Sud (Martes gwatkinsii) est une espèce de mammifères terrestres de la famille des Mustélidés. Cette martre se rencontre uniquement au sud de l'Inde où elle est menacée de disparition. C'est un animal rare et farouche, par conséquent rarement observé par l'Homme.

Cette espèce a été décrite pour la première fois en 1851 par le naturaliste américain Thomas Horsfield (1773-1859). Souvent incluse par les auteurs dans l'espèce voisine, la Martre à gorge jaune (Martes flavigula), en 1995 Rozhnov conclut dans cette dernière étude qu'elle doit être considérée de préférence comme une espèce à part entière[1].

Dénominations

Habitat et répartition

Carte de l'Inde avec quelques petits points au sud
Carte de répartition de Martes gwatkinsii en Inde

L'espèce est endémique des Ghats occidentaux, situés au sud de l'Inde. On la rencontre principalement loin de la présence humaine, dans les forêts, à diverses altitudes, mais elle fréquente aussi parfois les plantations[5].

Statut de protection

L'espèce est déclarée vulnérable depuis 1994 par l'Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature (IUCN) et les populations étaient encore en régression en 2008 à cause de la dégradation d'un habitat restreint et de la fragmentation des populations restantes[5].

Notes et références

  1. Mammal Species of the World (version 3, 2005), consulté le 16 juillet 2013
  2. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), www.itis.gov, CC0 https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK, consulté le 16 juillet 2013
  3. a et b (en) Murray Wrobel, 2007. Elsevier's dictionary of mammals: in Latin, English, German, French and Italian. Elsevier, 2007. (ISBN 0444518770), 9780444518774. 857 pageRechercher dans le document numérisé
  4. Page 194 dans Luc Chazel, Muriel Chazel, Le loup hurle-t-il à la lune ?: 180 clés pour comprendre les carnivores, Editions Quae, 2011. (ISBN 2759216721), 9782759216727
  5. a et b UICN, consulté le 16 juillet 2013

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Martes gwatkinsii: Brief Summary ( 法語 )

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Martre de l'Inde du Sud, Marte de l'Inde du Sud, Martre des Nilgiri

La Martre de l'Inde du Sud (Martes gwatkinsii) est une espèce de mammifères terrestres de la famille des Mustélidés. Cette martre se rencontre uniquement au sud de l'Inde où elle est menacée de disparition. C'est un animal rare et farouche, par conséquent rarement observé par l'Homme.

Cette espèce a été décrite pour la première fois en 1851 par le naturaliste américain Thomas Horsfield (1773-1859). Souvent incluse par les auteurs dans l'espèce voisine, la Martre à gorge jaune (Martes flavigula), en 1995 Rozhnov conclut dans cette dernière étude qu'elle doit être considérée de préférence comme une espèce à part entière.

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Cat crainn Nilgiri ( 愛爾蘭語 )

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Ainmhí is ea an cat crainn Nilgiri.


Ainmhí
Is síol ainmhí é an t-alt seo. Cuir leis, chun cuidiú leis an Vicipéid.
Má tá alt níos forbartha le fáil i dteanga eile, is féidir leat aistriúchán Gaeilge a dhéanamh.


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Istočna kuna ( 克羅埃西亞語 )

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Istočna kuna (Martes gwatkinsii) član je roda Martes unutar potporodice Mustelinae svrstane u porodicu Mustelidae. Jedina je vrsta iz roda Martes koju pronalazimo u južnoj Indiji. Nastanjuje brda Nilgiri i dijelove Zapadnih Gata.

Obilježja

Istočna je kuna slična žutogrloj kuni, no veća je i ima ramjerno drugačiju strukturu lubanje – njena je frontalna šupljina istaknutija od one u žutogrle kune. Njeno krzno odozgo je tamnije boje sa svijetlijim vratom čija boja varira o žute do narančaste.[1]

Dugačka je od 55 – 65 centimetara od glave go početka repa, dok duljina repa iznosi 40 – 45 centimetara. Prosječna težina istočne kune iznosi 2,1 kilogram.[1]

Vrsta je navodno rasprostranjena kroz Nilgiri brda, dijelove južnog Kodagua i sjeverne Kerale.[2][3][4][5]

Malo je toga poznato o istočnoj kuni. Dnevna je životinja te, iako je aborealna, povremeno silazi na tlo. Prehranjuje se pticama, malenim sisavcima i kukcima poput cikada.[6][7]

Izvori

  1. 1,0 1,1 Zoological Survey of India, Pune [1] (Arhivirano 11 Ožujak 2007) Rujan, 2008
  2. Christopher, G. & Jayson, E.A. (1996) Sightings of Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii Horsfield) at Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary and Silent Valley National Park, Kerala, India. Small Carnivore Conservation, 15, 3-4.
  3. Madhusudan, M.D. (1995) Sighting of the Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii) at Eravikulam National Park, Kerala, India. Small Carnivore Conservation, 13, 6-7.
  4. Gokula, V. & Ramachandran, N.K. (1996) A record of the Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii Horsfield). J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 93, 82.
  5. Muduppa, D. 1999 Lesser known carnivores of the Western Ghats IN ENVIS Bulletin : Wildlife, Protected areas: Mustelids, Viverrids and Herpestides of India 2(2): 65-70 Publisher: Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun, Editor: S. A. Hussain.
  6. Hutton, A.F. (1944) Feeding habits of the Nilgiri marten. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 48, 374-375
  7. ENVIS website [2] (Arhivirano 4 Srpanj 2008) Accessed September 2006

Drugi projekti

Commons-logo.svgU Wikimedijinu spremniku nalazi se članak na temu: Martes americanaWikispecies-logo.svgWikivrste imaju podatke o: istočnoj kuni
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Istočna kuna: Brief Summary ( 克羅埃西亞語 )

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Istočna kuna (Martes gwatkinsii) član je roda Martes unutar potporodice Mustelinae svrstane u porodicu Mustelidae. Jedina je vrsta iz roda Martes koju pronalazimo u južnoj Indiji. Nastanjuje brda Nilgiri i dijelove Zapadnih Gata.

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Martes gwatkinsii ( 義大利語 )

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La martora del Nilgiri (Martes gwatkinsii) è l'unica specie di martora che si trova in India meridionale. Vive nelle colline dei Nilgiri e in alcune regioni dei Ghati occidentali.

Descrizione

La martora del Nilgiri è simile alla martora dalla gola gialla, ma è più grande ed essenzialmente differente nella struttura del cranio - ha una concavità frontale prominente. In natura è inconfondibile, dal momento che ha il dorso scuro con una gola brillante che varia di colore dal giallo all'arancio[2].

Dalla testa al posteriore è lunga circa 55-65 cm ed ha una coda di 40-45 cm. Pesa circa 2,1 kg[2].

Tra i nomi locali ricordiamo il tamil Maranai e i malayalam Karumvernku e Koduvalli[2].

Distribuzione

Questa specie è stata registrata solo sui Nilgiri, in alcune regioni del Kodagu meridionale e del Kerala settentrionale[3][4][5][6].

Ecologia e comportamento

Conosciamo molto poco sulla martora del Nilgiri. È diurna e, sebbene sia arboricola, scende occasionalmente sul terreno. È stato registrato che cacci uccelli, piccoli mammiferi e insetti, come le cicale[7][8].

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Martes gwatkinsii, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ a b c Zoological Survey of India, Pune Copia archiviata, su stp.unipune.ernet.in. URL consultato il 26 agosto 2011 (archiviato dall'url originale l'11 marzo 2007). Accessed September 2006
  3. ^ Christopher, G. & Jayson, E.A. (1996) Sightings of Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii Horsfield) at Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary and Silent Valley National Park, Kerala, India. Small Carnivore Conservation, 15, 3-4.
  4. ^ Madhusudan, M.D. (1995) Sighting of the Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii) at Eravikulam National Park, Kerala, India. Small Carnivore Conservation, 13, 6-7.
  5. ^ Gokula, V. & Ramachandran, N.K. (1996) A record of the Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii Horsfield). J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 93, 82.
  6. ^ Muduppa, D. 1999 Lesser known carnivores of the Western Ghats IN ENVIS Bulletin : Wildlife, Protected areas: Mustelids, Viverrids and Herpestides of India 2(2): 65-70 Publisher: Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun, Editor: S. A. Hussain.
  7. ^ Hutton, A.F. (1944) Feeding habits of the Nilgiri marten. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 48, 374-375
  8. ^ ENVIS website Copia archiviata, su wii.gov.in. URL consultato il 26 agosto 2011 (archiviato dall'url originale il 15 settembre 2007). Accessed September 2006

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Martes gwatkinsii: Brief Summary ( 義大利語 )

由wikipedia IT提供

La martora del Nilgiri (Martes gwatkinsii) è l'unica specie di martora che si trova in India meridionale. Vive nelle colline dei Nilgiri e in alcune regioni dei Ghati occidentali.

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Nilgiri cauna ( 拉脫維亞語 )

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Nilgiri cauna (Martes gwatkinsii) ir vidēja auguma sermuļu dzimtas (Mustelidae) plēsējs, kas pieder caunu ģintij (Martes). Nilgiri cauna ir vienīgā caunu suga, kas sastopama Indijas dienvidos. Tā dzīvo tikai Nilgiri un Rietumghatu kalnos 300—1400 metrus virs jūras līmeņa. Nilgiri cauna ir lietus mežu iemītniece un galvenokārt uzturas kokos.[1]

Izskats un īpašības

Nilgiri ārēji ir līdzīga dzeltenkakla caunai, bet ir par to lielāka un tās galvaskausa morfoloģija ir atšķirīga. Tās deguna kauls ir ievērojami izliekts. Nilgiri caunas kažoks ir tumši brūns vai melns ar koši dzeltenu vai oranžu pakakli, pazode gandrīz balta. Aste gara, gandrīz tikpat gara kā ķermenis. Nilgiri cauna ir 55—65 cm gara bez astes, astes garums 40—45 cm. Tā sver apmēram 2,1 kg.[2]

Kopumā par Nilgiri caunu ir ļoti maz zināmu faktu. Tā medīt dodas dienā, ļoti reti nokāpj no kokiem lejā uz zemes. Ir zināms, ka tā medī putnus, mazus dzīvniekus un kukaiņus, piemēram, cikādes.[3]

Atsauces

  1. Martes gwatkinsii (Nilgiri Marten)
  2. Zoological Survey of India, Pune Accessed September 2006
  3. Hutton, A.F. (1944) Feeding habits of the Nilgiri marten. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 48, 374-375

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Nilgiri cauna: Brief Summary ( 拉脫維亞語 )

由wikipedia LV提供

Nilgiri cauna (Martes gwatkinsii) ir vidēja auguma sermuļu dzimtas (Mustelidae) plēsējs, kas pieder caunu ģintij (Martes). Nilgiri cauna ir vienīgā caunu suga, kas sastopama Indijas dienvidos. Tā dzīvo tikai Nilgiri un Rietumghatu kalnos 300—1400 metrus virs jūras līmeņa. Nilgiri cauna ir lietus mežu iemītniece un galvenokārt uzturas kokos.

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Nilgirimarter ( 荷蘭、佛萊明語 )

由wikipedia NL提供

De nilgirimarter (Martes gwatkinsii) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de marterachtigen (Mustelidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Horsfield in 1851.

Voorkomen

De soort komt voor in het zuiden van India.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Nilgirimarter: Brief Summary ( 荷蘭、佛萊明語 )

由wikipedia NL提供

De nilgirimarter (Martes gwatkinsii) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de marterachtigen (Mustelidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Horsfield in 1851.

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Kuna tamilska ( 波蘭語 )

由wikipedia POL提供
Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Kuna tamilska[3] (Martes gwatkinsii) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny łasicowatych (Mustelidae). Gatunek słabo poznany, występujący w południowych Indiach, narażony na wyginięcie.

Zasięg występowania

Kuna tamilska zamieszkuje Ghaty Zachodnie w południowych Indiach, na południe od 13° szerokości geograficznej północnej (pomiędzy Charmad a Kanapadi)[2][4].

Taksonomia

Gatunek po raz pierwszy opisał w 1851 roku amerykański przyrodnik Thomas Horsfield w książce A catalogue of the mammalia in the Museum of the Hon. East-India Company[5]. Jako miejsce typowe autor wskazał Madras w Indiach[5]. Niektórzy autorzy traktują kunę tamilską jako podgatunek kuny żółtogradłej (M. flavigula)[6][7][8]. Takson monotypowy[9][4].

Etymologia

Nazwa rodzajowa Martes oznacza w łacinie kunę[10]. Epitet gatunkowy honoruje Reynoldsa Gwatkinsa, kolekcjonera, który dostarczył okaz typowy do Museum of the East-India Company[5].

Morfologia

Długość ciała samców 50–70 cm, ogona 35–50 cm; masa ciała samców 1–3 kg[4]. Kuna tamilska jest bardzo podobna do kuny żółtogardłej. Sierść koloru przeważnie ciemnobrązowego; ramiona i tułów są koloru ryżobrązowego. Na gardle występuje wyraźna plama koloru od rdzawożółtego do żółtocytrynowego. Czaszka jest niska i płaska[4].

Ekologia

Kuna tamilska zamieszkuje wilgotne lasy tropikalne na wysokości od 120 do 2383 m n.p.m.[4][11]; obserwowana również na plantacjach herbaty, kawy i akacji oraz na łąkach i bagnach[11][2]. Prowadzi prawdopodobnie dzienny tryb życia; najczęściej przebywa na ziemi, ale obserwowana również w baldachimie oraz w dziuplach drzew z rodzaju mala (Elaeocarpus)[4]. Obserwowana samotnie lub w parach[4].

Skład diety kuny tamilskiej jest bardzo słabo poznany, ale istnieją doniesienia o polowaniach na wrony, wiewiórę dekańską (Ratufa indica), kanczylka indyjskiego (Moschiola indica) i warana bengalskiego (Varanus bengalensis); spożywa również owady, miód oraz nektar[4][11].

Nie ma żadnych informacji na temat rozrodu i wychowu młodych[4][11].

Status i zagrożenia

W Czerwonej księdze gatunków zagrożonych Międzynarodowej Unii Ochrony Przyrody i Jej Zasobów gatunek ten został zaliczony do kategorii VU (ang. Vulnerable – narażony na wyginięcie)[2]. Bardzo niewiele wiadomo na temat tego gatunku; priorytetem są badania terenowe, aby dowiedzieć się więcej o jego historii naturalnej, ekologii i stanie populacji[4]. Zasięg występowania kuny tamilskiej ocenia się jako mniejszy niż 20000 km²[2].

Przypisy

  1. Martes gwatkinsii, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. a b c d e D. Mudappa, D. Jathana, T.R.S. Raman 2008, Martes gwatkinsii [w:] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 [online], wersja 2015-4 [dostęp 2016-06-10] (ang.).
  3. W. Cichocki, A. Ważna, J. Cichocki, E. Rajska-Jurgiel, A. Jasiński, W. Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, 2015, s. 157. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9. (pol.)
  4. a b c d e f g h i j S. Larivière, A.P. Jennings: Family Mustelidae (Weasels and relatives). W: D.E. Wilson, R.A. Mittermeier: Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Cz. 1: Carnivores. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 2009, s. 630. ISBN 978-84-96553-49-1. (ang.)
  5. a b c T. Horsfield: A catalogue of the mammalia in the Museum of the Hon. East-India Company. London: Printed by J. & H. Cox, 1851, s. 99. (ang.)
  6. G.B. Corbet: The Mammals of the Palaearctic Region: a taxonomic review. London: British Museum (Natural History), 1978, s. 1–314. ISBN 978-0801411717. (ang.)
  7. J.H. Honacki, K.E. Kinman, J.W. Koeppl: Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Press, Inc. and The Association of Systematics Collections, 1982, s. 1–694. ISBN 978-0-942924-00-8. (ang.)
  8. G.B. Corbet, J.E. Hill: Mammals of the Indomalayan region. A systematic review. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992, s. 1–488. ISBN 978-0198546931. (ang.)
  9. Wilson Don E. & Reeder DeeAnn M. (red.) Martes gwatkinsii. w: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Wyd. 3.) [on-line]. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. (ang.) [dostęp 2016-06-10]
  10. T.S. Palmer: Index Generum Mammalium: a List of the Genera and Families of Mammals. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904, s. 400–401, seria: North American Fauna. (ang.)
  11. a b c d A. Webb: Martes gwatkinsii Nilgiri marten (ang.). W: Animal Diversity Web [on-line]. Museum of Zoology University of Michigan. [dostęp 2016-06-11].
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Kuna tamilska: Brief Summary ( 波蘭語 )

由wikipedia POL提供

Kuna tamilska (Martes gwatkinsii) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny łasicowatych (Mustelidae). Gatunek słabo poznany, występujący w południowych Indiach, narażony na wyginięcie.

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Nilgirimård ( 瑞典語 )

由wikipedia SV提供

Nilgirimård[2] (Martes gwatkinsii) är ett rovdjur i familjen mårddjur som förekommer i södra Indien.

Utseende och anatomi

Arten liknar gulstrupig mård (Martes flavigula) i utseende men är större och dessutom finns tydliga skillnader i skallens byggnad mellan de båda arterna. Nilgirimården igenkänns lätt i naturen med sin mörka päls vid bakkroppen och sin rödbruna päls vid halsen och skuldran. Underkäken har en mer eller mindre ljusgul färg.[3]

Kroppslängden ligger mellan 55 och 65 cm och därtill kommer en 40 till 45 cm lång svans. Vikten ligger i genomsnitt vid 2,1 kg.[3]

Utbredning och habitat

Mårddjuret förekommer endemiskt i Nilgiribergen och andra bergstrakter i sydvästra Indien. Bergsområdena ligger vanligen 300 till 1 400 meter över havet. Habitatet utgörs av tropiska regnskogar och andra städsegröna skogar.[1]

Ekologi

Födan utgörs främst av frukter och insekter men arten äter även små däggdjur (till storleken av mushjortar), fåglar, ödlor, mindre varaner och i viss mån nektar.[1]

Nilgirimården är främst aktiv på dagen och vistas oftast i träd.[4]

Hot

Arten jagas i viss mån men det största hotet utgörs av habitatförstörelse. Därför förekommer nilgirimården i många från varandra skilda regioner. IUCN listar arten därför som sårbar (VU).[1]

Referenser

Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från engelskspråkiga Wikipedia, 28 december 2011.

Noter

  1. ^ [a b c d] Choudhury, A., Wozencraft, C., Muddapa, D. & Yonzon, P. 2008 Martes gwatkinsii Från: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 4 januari 2012.
  2. ^ Kommissionens förordning (EU) 2017/160 om skyddet av vilda djur (PDF), Europeiska unionen, sid.16, läst 2018-09-01.
  3. ^ [a b] ”Zoological Survey of India, Pune”. Arkiverad från originalet den 11 mars 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070311083339/http://stp.unipune.ernet.in/zsi/. Läst 26 augusti 2011.
  4. ^ ”Nilgiri marten Martes gwatkinsii Horsfield, 1851”. Arkiverad från originalet den 15 september 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070915235328/http://www.wii.gov.in/envis/envisdec99/nilgirimartin.htm. Läst 26 augusti 2011.

Tryckta källor

  • Serge Larivière & Andrew P. Jennings: Family Mustelidae (Weasels and relatives) In: Don E. Wilson & Russel Mittermeier (red.) Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 1: Carnivores. Lynx Edicions. 2009. p. 630. ISBN 978-84-96-553-49-1

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Nilgirimård: Brief Summary ( 瑞典語 )

由wikipedia SV提供

Nilgirimård (Martes gwatkinsii) är ett rovdjur i familjen mårddjur som förekommer i södra Indien.

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Martes gwatkinsii ( 烏克蘭語 )

由wikipedia UK提供

Етимологія

Ця тварина була названа на честь пана Р. Ґваткінс (англ. R. Gwatkins), але так дійсно не повинно було бути. Всьому виною поспішність висновків Хорсфілда. Уолтер Елліот зібрав зразки куни в Мадрасі (нині Ченнаї) в 1850 році. Вони привернули увагу Хорсфілда, а він знав, що аналогічні тварини були застрелені в Гімалаях паном Ґваткінсом. Припускаючи, що це один і той же вид, він дав мадраському зразку назву gwatkinsii. Однак, гімалайський зразок належав виду Martes flavigula. Ось так прізвище Ґваткінса увіковічилося в назві виду, до відкриття якого він не мав ніякого відношення.

Зовнішність

M. gwatkinsii майже аналогічна до Martes flavigula за розмірами, однак може бути трохи більша. Хутро M. gwatkinsii також схоже на хутро M. flavigula за винятком того, що вся спина M. gwatkinsii темна. Загальне забарвлення темно-коричневе, є жовтуватий клапоть від підборіддя до грудей. Голова і тіло довжиною від 550 до 650 мм, довжина хвоста 400–450 мм, а вага близько 2,1 кг.

Природне середовище

Мешкає в горах Нілґірі і частині Західних Гат. Є записи присутності M. gwatkinsii у вічнозелених лісах на середніх (700-1,400 м) і високих (1,300-1,800 м) висотах, гірських лісах (шоли), і, рідко, вологих листяних лісах і на плантаціях.

Стиль життя

Вважається денною і деревною, як і інші види кун вона, можливо, спускається на землю для полювання. Дуже мало відомо про поведінку та екологію цієї куни. Вважається опортуністичним у їжі, харчуючись різноманітними тваринами, а також рослинами. Є доповіді, що вона полювала на ворон, Ratufa indica, Moschiola memmina, Varanus bengalensis, і комах (цикади).

Загрози та охорона

M. gwatkinsii загрожує втрата середовища проживання і фрагментація по всьому ареалу. Вид включений в Додаток III CITES (Індія). Зустрічається в кількох природоохоронних територіях.

Джерела


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Chồn ngực vàng Nilgiri ( 越南語 )

由wikipedia VI提供

Martes gwatkinsii là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Chồn, bộ Ăn thịt. Loài này được Horsfield mô tả năm 1851.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Choudhury, A., Wozencraft, C., Muddapa, D. & Yonzon, P. (2008). Martes gwatkinsii. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 21 tháng 3 năm 2009. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of vulnerable
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Martes gwatkinsii”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết về các loài trong bộ thú ăn thịt này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Chồn ngực vàng Nilgiri: Brief Summary ( 越南語 )

由wikipedia VI提供

Martes gwatkinsii là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Chồn, bộ Ăn thịt. Loài này được Horsfield mô tả năm 1851.

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Нилгирская харза ( 俄語 )

由wikipedia русскую Википедию提供
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Звери
Инфракласс: Плацентарные
Надотряд: Лавразиотерии
Отряд: Хищные
Подотряд: Собакообразные
Семейство: Куньи
Подсемейство: Собственно куньи
Род: Куницы
Вид: Нилгирская харза
Международное научное название

Martes gwatkinsii Horsfield, 1851

Ареал

изображение

Охранный статус Wikispecies-logo.svg
Систематика
на Викивидах
Commons-logo.svg
Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 621942EOL 328017

Нилгирская харза[1] (лат. Martes gwatkinsii) — хищное млекопитающее семейства куньих (Mustelidae). Один из самых крупных и ярко окрашенных представителей рода куниц, вместе с харзой (Martes flavigula).

Описание

Это довольно крупная куница, в длину от 55 до 70 см. Длина хвоста составляет от 40 до 45 см, а вес от 2 до 2,5 кг. Нилгирская харза похожа на харзу, только чуть меньше, а также отличается в структуре черепа с выступающей выгнутой поверхностью лобной кости.

Спутать нилгирскую харзу с другими представителями рода практически невозможно. Будучи тёмно-коричневой сверху и с жёлто-апельсиновой раскраской на груди и шее, она является одной из самых красочных представителей из рода куниц.

Распространение

Единственный вид куницы, встречающийся в Южной Индии. Проживает на возвышенностях Нилгири и в Западных Гхатах.

Поведение

О поведении и экологии этой куницы известно очень немного. Есть сведения, что это дневной, обитающий на деревьях хищник. По всей вероятности, нилгирская харза, также как многие другие куницы, спускается и охотится на земле. Есть свидетельства очевидцев, видевших охоту харзы на ворон (1949 г.). Это происходило в горной местности индийского штата Керала. До этого были свидетельства из Малабара о охоте куницы на Индийскую гигантскую белку (Ratufa indica) (1944 г.) и на цикад (1941 г.). На сегодняшний день это единственная имеющаяся информация об этом хищнике.

Примечания

  1. Полная иллюстрированная энциклопедия. «Млекопитающие» Кн. 2 = The New Encyclopedia of Mammals / под ред. Д. Макдональда. — М.: Омега, 2007. — С. 467. — 3000 экз.ISBN 978-5-465-01346-8.
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Нилгирская харза: Brief Summary ( 俄語 )

由wikipedia русскую Википедию提供

Нилгирская харза (лат. Martes gwatkinsii) — хищное млекопитающее семейства куньих (Mustelidae). Один из самых крупных и ярко окрашенных представителей рода куниц, вместе с харзой (Martes flavigula).

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格氏貂 ( 漢語 )

由wikipedia 中文维基百科提供
二名法 Martes gwatkinsii
(Horsfield, 1851)

格氏貂Martes gwatkinsii)是唯一生活在南印度。牠們分佈在尼爾吉里丘陵西高止山脈

特徵

格氏貂與黃喉貂相似,但體型較大,其前額亦明顯凹陷。牠們背部深色,喉嚨呈黃色至橙色。牠們體長55-65厘米,尾巴長40-45厘米,重2.1公斤。

分佈

格氏貂分佈在尼爾吉里丘陵果達古南部及喀拉拉邦北部。[2][3][4][5]

生態及行為

對於格氏貂所知很少。牠們是日間活動的,棲於樹上,有時也會落到地下。有指牠們吃鳥類、細小的哺乳動物昆蟲[6]

參考

  1. ^ Martes gwatkinsii. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2008.
  2. ^ Christopher, G. & Jayson, E.A. Sightings of Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii Horsfield) at Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary and Silent Valley National Park, Kerala, India. Small Carnivore Conservation. 1996, 15: 3–4.
  3. ^ Madhusudan, M.D. Sighting of the Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii) at Eravikulam National Park, Kerala, India. Small Carnivore Conservation. 1995, 13: 6–7.
  4. ^ Gokula, V. & Ramachandran, N.K. A record of the Nilgiri marten (Martes gwatkinsii Horsfield). J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 1996, 93: 82.
  5. ^ Muduppa, D. Lesser known carnivores of the Western Ghats IN ENVIS Bulletin : Wildlife, Protected areas: Mustelids, Viverrids and Herpestides of India. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun. 1999, 2 (2): 65–70.
  6. ^ Hutton, A.F. Feeding habits of the Nilgiri marten. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 1944, 48: 374–375.
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格氏貂: Brief Summary ( 漢語 )

由wikipedia 中文维基百科提供

格氏貂(Martes gwatkinsii)是唯一生活在南印度。牠們分佈在尼爾吉里丘陵西高止山脈

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닐기리담비 ( 韓語 )

由wikipedia 한국어 위키백과提供

닐기리담비(Martes gwatkinsii)는 인도 남부에서 발견되는 담비류의 일종이다. 닐기리 산맥 구릉 지대와 서가츠 산맥의 일부 지역에서 서식한다.

특징

닐기리담비는 담비와 겉모습이 비슷하지만, 담비보다 크고 특히 두개골 구조 이마뼈 함몰부가 현저히 다르다. 노랑과 오렌지색의 밝은 목 부위 색깔 위로 검은 색을 띠기때문에 눈에 잘 띈다. 머리부터 궁둥이까지는 진한 갈색을 띠며, 궁둥이 아래쪽은 거의 불그레한 갈색을 띤다.[2][3] 몸길이는 55~65cm, 꼬리는 40~45cm 정도이다. 몸무게는 약 2.1kg이다.[3]

각주

  1. “Martes gwatkinsii”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2009년 3월 21일에 확인함. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of vulnerable
  2. “The Book Of Indian Animals, S.H.PRATER Bombay Natural History Society, Oxford University Press, 2005”.
  3. “Zoological Survey of India, Pune”. 2007년 3월 11일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2011년 8월 26일에 확인함.
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