M. volans populations act to control insect populations, as do those of other bat species.
There are no known negative effects of M. volans, though bat populations do sometimes act as disease vectors.
Temperate North American bats are now threatened by a fungal disease called “white-nose syndrome.” This disease has devastated eastern North American bat populations at hibernation sites since 2007. The fungus, Geomyces destructans, grows best in cold, humid conditions that are typical of many bat hibernacula. The fungus grows on, and in some cases invades, the bodies of hibernating bats and seems to result in disturbance from hibernation, causing a debilitating loss of important metabolic resources and mass deaths. Mortality rates at some hibernation sites have been as high as 90%. While there are currently no reports of Myotis volans mortalities as a result of white-nose syndrome, the disease continues to expand its range in North America.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical
There are four subspecies of M. volans, M. volans amotus, occupying the Sierra Transvolcanica Transversal in Mexico, M. volans interior, occuring throughout the central United States and northern Mexico, M. volans longicrus, occuring from southeastern Alaska to western California, and M. volans volans, in peninsular Baja California.
Although this species is relatively widespread, little information exists regarding its biology.
M. volans is one of the largest Myotis species.
More knowledge is needed regarding M. volans' breeding biology, winter distribution, and population trends (Allen, 1974; Nagorsen and Brigham, 1993, Wilson and Ruff, 1999).
Emerging at dusk and staying active throughout the night, M. volans takes aerial prey 3 to 4 meters over water, forest clearings, and forest canopy. Their diet consists mostly of moths (75%), but they also feed on termites, spiders, flies, beetles, leafhoppers, and lacewings. The echolocation call consists of a shallow frequency modulated sweep. They are capable of detecting prey at a distance of 5 to 10m. When foraging they follow a repetitive circuit throughout the evening and on consecutive nights (Barbour and Davis, 1969; Nagorsen and Brigham, 1993; Wilson and Ruff, 1999; van Zyll de Jong, 1985).
Long-legged Myotis are distributed throughout much of western North America, from central Mexico to southeastern Alaska and western Canada (Keller, 1987; Nagorsen and Brigham, 1993).
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )
M. volans are found in forested regions. They establish roosts in trees, rock crevices, fissures in stream banks, and buildings. Caves and mines are not used in the day, but M. volans can be captured there at night (van Zyll de Jong, 1985).
Terrestrial Biomes: forest
Average lifespan
Sex: male
Status: wild: 2.1 years.
Myotis volans range from 83 to 100mm in total length with a wingspan from 215 to 272mm. Fur color varies from reddish-brown to nearly black with the ventral fur being relatively dark. The ventral fur extends onto the underside of the wing to a line joining the elbow and knee. The ears are relatively short (9 to 15mm) with rounded tips and barely extend to the nose when pushed forward. The tragus is long (5 to 7mm) and narrow. The calcar bears a prominent keel and the third metacarpal is longer than the fourth and fifth. The common name is derived from its relatively long tibia and the feet are relatively small. Characteristics of the skull include a short rostrum, steep forhead, broad interorbital region, and globose brain-case. Dental formula is 2/3 1/1 2/3 3/3.
Range mass: 5 to 10 g.
Range length: 83 to 100 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike
Large nursery colonies, which may number in the hundreds, are formed by this species. These colonies occur most commonly in trees. Mating occurs before the bats enter hibernation in late August or September. Mature females produce one offspring, although it is unknown at what age sexual maturity is reached. Time of parturition varies with latitude. Young are born in late June and July. It is speculated that most juvenile males are sexually active. Banded individuals have been recorded living to 21 years of age (Barbour and Davis, 1969; Nagorsen and Brigham, 1993; van Zyll de Jong, 1985).
Range number of offspring: 1 to 1.
Key Reproductive Features: seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous ; sperm-storing
Average number of offspring: 1.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female: 152 days.
Myotis volans és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels vespertiliònids. Viu al Canadà, Mèxic i els Estats Units. El seu hàbitat natural són els boscos, on nia a arbres, esquerdes de les roques, forats a les ribes de rius i edificis. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.[1]
Myotis volans és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels vespertiliònids. Viu al Canadà, Mèxic i els Estats Units. El seu hàbitat natural són els boscos, on nia a arbres, esquerdes de les roques, forats a les ribes de rius i edificis. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.
Das Langbeinige Mausohr (Myotis volans) ist eine Fledermausart aus der Familie der Glattnasen (Vespertilionidae), welche in Nordamerika beheimatet ist.
Der Artname leitet sich vom Lateinischen „volans“ (=fliegen) ab.
Die Gesamtlänge des Langbeinigen Mausohrs beträgt 83–106 mm, die Unterarmlänge 37–41,2 mm und die Flügelspannweite im Schnitt 267,4 mm. Der Tragus ist 6–8 mm lang und spitz zulaufend. Die Fellfarbe ist variabel grau-braun mit rötlicher oder schwarzer Tönung am Rücken und einem helleren Bauch. Flughaut und Ohren sind schwarz. Das Langbeinige Mausohr unterscheidet sich von allen anderen nordamerikanischen Fledermäusen durch die kurzen runden Ohren, die nach vorne gelegt nicht bis zu den Nasenlöchern reichen, die kleinen Füße (etwa 41 % der Tibialänge) und einem stark geschwungenen Calcar. Andere Arten mit einem geschwungenen Calcar (M. leibii und M. californicus), die im selben Gebiet vorkommen wie das Langbeinige Mausohr, sind wesentlich kleiner. Auf der Unterseite der Flughaut reicht die Behaarung bis zu einer imaginären Linie zwischen Ellbogen und Knie. Obwohl auch andere Mausohren eine behaarte Flughaut haben können, ist die des Langbeinigen Mausohrs besonders lang, dicht und stark ausgeprägt. Die Kleine Braune Fledermaus (M. lucifugus), M. velifer und M. yumanensis besitzen keinen geschwungenen Calcar und keine dichte Behaarung der Flügelunterseite.
Das Langbeinige Mausohr ist wie die meisten Fledermäuse nachtaktiv und ernährt sich von Insekten. Zu den bevorzugten Beutetieren gehören Motten, Fliegen (Diptera), Termiten (Isoptera), Netzflügler (Neuroptera), Wespen (Hymenoptera), Schnabelkerfen (Hemiptera), Gleichflügler (Homoptera) und kleine Käfer (Coleoptera). Auf Futtersuchflügen erreicht das Langbeinige Mausohr eine Geschwindigkeit von 15–17 km/h. Die dabei ausgestoßenen Echoortungsrufe bewegen sich zwischen 89 und 40 kHz und sind somit für das menschliche Ohr nicht wahrnehmbar.
Man findet das Langbeinige Mausohr vor allem in Nadelwäldern, jedoch auch in Flusslandschaften und sogar in wüstenartigen Gebieten. Tagsüber versteckt sich die Art in verlassenen Gebäuden, in Felsspalten und unter loser Baumrinde. Für den Winterschlaf werden Höhlen und Mienen genutzt. Das Langbeinige Mausohr ist bis zu einem Temperaturminimum von 12 °C aktiv und daher relativ kältetolerant.
Die Paarung findet im August und September statt, wobei das Weibchen die Spermien über den Winter einlagert. Nach dem Eisprung im Frühling zwischen März und Mai wird die Eizelle dann befruchtet. Die Jungen werden zwischen Mai und August geboren. Von Beringungsdaten weiß man, dass Vertreter dieser Art über 21 Jahre alt werden können.
Das Langbeinige Mausohr kommt im Osten Kanadas, der Vereinigten Staaten und in Mexiko vor. Im Westen reicht ihre Verbreitung bis Nord-Dakota, Süd-Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado und Texas. Ihr Bestand wird von der IUCN dank des weiten Verbreitungsgebiets als ungefährdet eingestuft[1].
Das Langbeinige Mausohr (Myotis volans) ist eine Fledermausart aus der Familie der Glattnasen (Vespertilionidae), welche in Nordamerika beheimatet ist.
Der Artname leitet sich vom Lateinischen „volans“ (=fliegen) ab.
The long-legged myotis (Myotis volans) is a species of vesper bat that can be found in western Canada, Mexico, and the western United States.[2]
Myotis volans is a species of bat found in Order Chiroptera, Family Vespertillionidae. They are closely related to Myotis lucifugus (little brown bat) and Myotis thysanodes (fringe-tailed bat).[3] Three sub-species have been identified.[3]
They are the second largest myotis species found in the western United States. They have a wingspan of 10-12 inches and an average body mass of 7.5 grams.[4] Myotis volans is also known as the long-legged myotis due to their longer tibia length compared to other myotis species. Their pelage is light brown to chocolate brown or reddish brown and they have short, rounded ears.[5] When their ears are pushed toward their nose, the tips of their ears just reach their nostrils.[3] Their most distinguishing characteristic is that they have fur on the underside of the wings that extends from their body to their elbows and knees.[3][5] They have a keel on their calcar.[4] This species does show sexual dimorphism such that females tend to be slightly bigger than males.[3]
The range of Myotis volans spans from Alaska in the north, through the western United States, and into Mexico.[6] They have been recorded as far east as North and South Dakota, Nebraska and western Texas.[1] Their range extends southward to Mexico City.[3][1]
They live in various habitats which include: ponderosa pine woodlands, coniferous forests, pinyon-juniper woodlands, oak woodlands, mountain meadows and riparian zones.[4] They have been captured in desert habitats as well.[3] In mountainous areas, they prefer mid-slope elevations where there is an abundance of food.[7][8]
Myotis volans are insectivorous and their diet consists mainly of moths.[7] They will eat other insects such as flies and lacewings or some smaller sized beetles.[3] They will leave their day roosts to forage just before sunset and peak foraging takes place in the first four hours after emergence.[3][1] They have been known to forage all hours of the night.[3][4]
These bats prefer to roost under the bark of trees, but will also use crevices in rocks, caves, or buildings.[3][4][9] They will migrate elevation-wise by moving to higher elevations in mountainous areas during the summer.[4] They use caves and mines for hibernation.[3]
Mating takes place in late summer to early fall.[3] Females will delay fertilization by holding the sperm in their reproductive tract until spring.[3] The young are born between June and August.[3][4] Each female will bear only one pup per litter.[4] The females will form large nursery colonies that can number up to hundreds of individuals.[1] Females will leave their pups with the colony while they feed and return to the colony multiple times during the night to nurse their young.
The long-legged myotis has been known to remain active in temperatures down to 15 °C.[3] Since these bats hibernate during the winter months, they use torpor. The bat's feet are specialized to allow the bats to hang upside down without expending energy. The feet do this by locking the toes in place with the help of scaly tendons when the bat is hanging.[4] They also have cavities in their head that pool blood away from their brains while they hang upside down.[4]
The long-legged myotis (Myotis volans) is a species of vesper bat that can be found in western Canada, Mexico, and the western United States.
Myotis volans es una especie de murciélago de la familia Vespertilionidae.
Se encuentra en Alberta y Columbia Británica en Canadá, México, y al oeste de Estados Unidos.
Datos: Q2753100
Multimedia:
Especies: Myotis volans
Myotis volans es una especie de murciélago de la familia Vespertilionidae.
Myotis volans Myotis generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Myotinae azpifamilia eta Vespertilionidae familian sailkatuta dago
Myotis volans Myotis generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Myotinae azpifamilia eta Vespertilionidae familian sailkatuta dago
Myotis volans
La chauve-souris à longues pattes (Myotis volans) ou Vespertilion à longues pattes est une espèce de chauve-souris de la famille des vespertilionidés. On peut l'observer au Canada, au Mexique et aux États-Unis. Elle vit principalement dans des zones boisées et trouve refuge dans des fissures et failles rocheuses ou des trous dans les troncs d'arbres. Elle peut vivre jusqu'à 21 ans.
Myotis volans
La chauve-souris à longues pattes (Myotis volans) ou Vespertilion à longues pattes est une espèce de chauve-souris de la famille des vespertilionidés. On peut l'observer au Canada, au Mexique et aux États-Unis. Elle vit principalement dans des zones boisées et trouve refuge dans des fissures et failles rocheuses ou des trous dans les troncs d'arbres. Elle peut vivre jusqu'à 21 ans.
Myotis volans (H. Allen, 1866) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Vespertilionidi diffuso nell'America Settentrionale.[1][2]
Pipistrello di piccole dimensioni, con la lunghezza totale tra 83 e 106 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 37 e 41,2 mm, la lunghezza della coda tra 32 e 49 mm, la lunghezza del piede tra 5 e 9 mm, la lunghezza delle orecchie tra 10 e 15 mm, un'apertura alare fino a 28,6 cm e un peso fino a 10 g.[3]
La pelliccia è lunga e densa. Le parti dorsali sono bruno-rossastre, più chiare sulla testa ed il collo, mentre le parti ventrali sono biancastre, con dei riflessi giallastri. Le orecchie sono relativamente corte, strette ed arrotondate. Il trago è corto, diritto e con un piccolo lobo rotondo alla base. Le membrane alari sono bruno-nerastre e attaccate posteriormente alla base delle dita dei piedi, i quali sono piccoli. Gli arti inferiori sono relativamente allungati. L'estremità della lunga coda si estende leggermente oltre l'ampio uropatagio. Il calcar ha una carenatura ben sviluppata. Il cranio ha un rostro corto e una fronte relativamente alta. Il cariotipo è 2n=44 FNa=50.
Emette ultrasuoni a basso ciclo di lavoro attraverso impulsi di breve o media durata a frequenza modulata iniziale di 89 kHz, finale di 40 kHz e massima energia a 46 kHz.
Si rifugia in edifici abbandonati, crepacci e fessure nelle rocce, sotto cortecce staccate di alberi. In inverno si rifugia in grotte e tunnel minerari dove entra in ibernazione. L'attività predatoria inizia 3-4 ore dopo il tramonto. Tollera le basse temperature esterne, essendo molto attivo tra i 12 e 18 °C.
Si nutre principalmente di falene e in misura minore di ditteri, isotteri, neurotteri, imenotteri, emitteri, omotteri e piccoli coleotteri catturati in volo sia sopra che all'interno della volta forestale.
Questa specie è diffusa nella parte occidentale dell'America Settentrionale dall'Alaska meridionale a nord fino alla penisola della Bassa California e Città del Messico a sud e il Texas centrale ad est.
Vive nelle foreste di conifere, foreste ripariali e anche in ambienti desertici fino a 3.770 metri di altitudine.
Sono state riconosciute 4 sottospecie:
La Lista rossa IUCN, considerato il vasto areale e la presenza in diverse aree protette, classifica M.volans come specie a rischio minimo (LC).[1]
Myotis volans (H. Allen, 1866) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Vespertilionidi diffuso nell'America Settentrionale.
Myotis volans is een zoogdier uit de familie van de gladneuzen (Vespertilionidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door H. Allen in 1866.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Myotis volans[2][3][4][5][6] är en fladdermusart som först beskrevs av Harrison Allen 1866. Den ingår i släktet Myotis och familjen läderlappar.[7][8] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1]
Catalogue of Life samt Wilson & Reeder (2005) skiljer mellan fyra underarter:[7][4]
Myotis volans har en päls som varierar från rödbrun till nästan svart, med en undersida som inte är mycket ljusare än ovansidan. Öronen är ganska små och rundade. Kroppslängden är 8 till 10 cm, och vikten varierar mellan 5 och 10 g.[9]
Denna fladdermus förekommer i västra Nordamerika från södra Alaska (USA) i norr till delstaterna Jalisco och Veracruz (Mexiko) i syd. Arten når österut till Alberta i Kanada, till South Dakota i USA och till Nuevo León i Mexiko.[1]
Myotis volans förekommer framför allt i skogsområden, och mera sällan i torra områden. Arten kan påträffas mellan 60 och 3 770 meter över havet, vanligen mellan 2 000 och 3 000 meter. Underarten M. volans volans är dock främst en låglandsart som kan förekomma i Baja Californias ökenområden.[10] Arten kan även påträffas i kanjonernas klippor samt i grottsystemen i Texas och Kansas.[1]
Arten är aktiv under större delen av natten, med en topp under de 3 till 4 timmarna efter solnedgången. Individerna sover under dagen i bergssprickor, under lösa barkskivor, i övergivna byggnader eller i sprickor i bankar intill vattendrag.[10] Kolonierna kan bli mycket stora, mellan 2 000 och 5 000 medlemmar.[1] Arten utnyttjar inte grottor och gruvor för dagsömn, men de används för vinterdvalan[10] och som viloplatser under natten[1].
Fladdermusen kan bli åtminstone 21 år gammal.[9]
Individerna parar sig just innan de går i vintersömn på hösten (slutet av augusti till september).[9] Honorna sparar sperman i sin kropp under vintersömnen, varför den egentliga befruktningen sker först från maj och framåt.[10] Dräktiga honor och honor med ungar bildar särskilda yngelkolonier som kan uppgå till flera hundra individer. Honan föder en unge i slutet av juni till juli.[9]
Myotis volans, som är nattaktiv, börjar sin jakt i skymningen[9] med en topp 3 till 4 timmar efter solnedgången[11]. Den flyger i en snabb, rak flykt[11] på 3 till 4 meters höjd över vattenytor, trädkronor och skogsgläntor. Födan består till största delen av nattfjärilar (75 %), men arten tar även termiter, flugor, skalbaggar, nätvingar, dvärgstritar och spindlar.[9]
Som andra insektsätande fladdermöss har arten ett högfrekvent ekolokalisationsläte som hjälper den att finna föda. Denna art har dessutom ett lågfrekventare varningsläte, som den använder för att avvärja en hotande kollision om en annan individ av samma art skulle komma för nära.[12]
IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig, och populationen är stabil. Man har inte registrerat några egentliga hot, men konstaterar att stängning av övergivna gruvor, vissa typer av skogsavverkning kan vara potertiella hot. I delstaten Oregon har man funnit rester av DDT i kroppen på denna art.[1] Dessutom har man sedan 2007 kunnat konstatera kraftiga utbrott hos andra fladdermöss i samband med övervintringen av en dödlig svampsjukdom, White nose syndrome. Ännu (2016[13]) har inga utbrott av denna sjukdom drabbat Myotis volans, men farhågor finns för att även denna art skall drabbas.[9]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Myotis volans.
Wikispecies har information om Myotis volans.
Myotis volans är en fladdermusart som först beskrevs av Harrison Allen 1866. Den ingår i släktet Myotis och familjen läderlappar. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.
Myotis volans là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi muỗi, bộ Dơi. Loài này được H. Allen mô tả năm 1866.[2]
Phương tiện liên quan tới Myotis volans tại Wikimedia Commons
Bài viết họ Dơi muỗi này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Myotis volans là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi muỗi, bộ Dơi. Loài này được H. Allen mô tả năm 1866.
긴발윗수염박쥐(Myotis volans)는 애기박쥐과 윗수염박쥐속에 속하는 박쥐이다. 캐나다 서부와 멕시코, 미국 서부에서 발견된다.[2]
긴발윗수염박쥐의 근연종은 작은갈색박쥐(Myotis lucifigus)와 술꼬리박쥐(Myotis thysanodes)이다.[3] 세 종의 아종이 알려져 있다.[3] 미국 서부에서 발견되는 두번째로 큰 윗수염박쥐속 종으로, 날개 폭이 25~30cm이고 평균 몸무게는 7.5g이다.[4] 다른 윗수염박쥐류와 비교하여 긴 정강이뼈 때문에 긴발윗수염박쥐로 불린다. 털은 초콜릿 갈색 또는 불그스레한 갈색의 연한 갈색을 띠며, 짧고 둥근 귀를 갖고 있다.[5] 코 쪽으로 귀를 밀면 귀 끝이 콧수염에 닿는다.[3] 가장 구별되는 특징은 몸부터 팔꿈치와 무릎까지 뻗어 있는 날개 아랫쪽의 털이다.[3][5] 며느리밭톱에 용골 돌기가 있다.[4] 암컷이 수컷보다 약간 커서 암수가 성적 이형성을 보인다.[3]
다음은 윗수염박쥐속의 계통 분류이다.[6]
윗수염박쥐속구대륙 분류군
신대륙 분류군 신북구작은갈색박쥐, 술꼬리박쥐, 킨윗수염박쥐, 긴귀윗수염박쥐
구북구붉은윗수염박쥐, 벨벳윗수염박쥐, 물가윗수염박쥐, 엘리겐트윗수염박쥐
슈바르츠윗수염박쥐, 도미니카윗수염박쥐, 아타카마윗수염박쥐
은색작은박쥐, 산지윗수염박쥐, 검은윗수염박쥐, 노랑윗수염박쥐
