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Description ( 英語 )

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We need a species account! Contact us if you are interested in writing for AmphibiaWeb.This species was featured as News of the Week on 18 May 2020:The capacity of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) to negatively impact amphibian diversity at the species and population level has been clear for decades, yet our understanding of Bd’s impact on amphibian genetic diversity remains unresolved. Banks et al (2020) compare SNP diversity in Bd-naïve alpine tree frog populations (Litoria verreauxii alpina) with populations exposed since the 1980s to help illuminate whether we should be concerned about the genetic viability of species that underwent major Bd-associated declines. Although most breeding adults in exposed populations still succumb to disease each year, Banks et al did not find significant differences in the genetic diversity of exposed and naïve groups. The study was limited by the few available naïve populations, but many frogs do manage to breed before they die, and juveniles can escape infection and provide a reservoir of genetic diversity. Individuals’ heterozygosity correlated with infection likelihood in exposed populations, so the authors suggest that more heterozygous frogs may generally contribute more to the next generation. Finally, like many species heavily impacted by Bd, this alpine frog species occurs in isolated, low-density populations. They finds little genetic exchange between these remnants, concluding that sustained isolation will result in the further structuring of these populations into the future. (Emma Steigerwald)

參考資料

  • IUCN, Conservation International, and NatureServe. 2004. Global Amphibian Assessment. . Accessed on 14 February 2005.
  • Osborne, W. (1990). ''Declining frog populations and extinctions in the Canberra region.'' Bogong, 11(4), 4-7.

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J-M. Hero
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G. Hollis
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W. Osborne
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G. Gillespie
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L. Shoo
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Distribution and Habitat ( 英語 )

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Eastern Australia. From mid Southeast Queensland to the northern Tablelands of New South Wales and central and southern coast of New South Wales. Also in the eastern corner of Victoria.The extent of occurrence of the species is approximately 236400 km2. Locally abundant. Declines have been recorded in the Canberra region in the past 20 years.Two subspecies are recognized (Barker et al 1995): L. v. verreauxii is known from sea-level to ca. 800 m within the range, while L. v. alpina is found at higher elevations and has a much more reduced distribution, which Osborne et al (1999) estimated at ca. 3,200 km2.
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J-M. Hero
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G. Gillespie
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L. Shoo
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( 英語 )

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Common in a wide variety of habitats including coastal swamps and lagoons, wet and dry sclerophyll forest. Most often associated with permanent water, ie. ponds, dams, lakes, creeks and waterholes.Calls year round. Males call from ground up to several meters from water or on vegetation near water. About 500 – 1000 eggs are laid in jelly clumps attached to submerged vegetation in ponds.
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( 英語 )

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In 2004, IUCN Assessment annotated the species as remaining Least Concern due to its wide distribution, being locally abundant, and general habitat tolerance; however, it noted 'population trends' as declining. General threats include drought and loss of habitat.At the moment, this species range occurs in several protected areas and the high elevation subspecies L. v. alpina is listed as endangered by State and Nationally with many of its populations in National Parks.
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J-M. Hero
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W. Osborne
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Whistling tree frog ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

The whistling tree frog (Litoria verreauxii), or Verreaux's tree frog, is a species of frog found in Australia.[1][2] It has been divided into two subspecies, the nominate Verreaux's tree frog (L. v. verreauxii) and the Verreaux's alpine tree frog (L. v. alpina).[1] The alpine tree frog is restricted to the southern alps of New South Wales and Victoria. Verreaux's tree frog is widespread throughout south-eastern Queensland, coastal and highland regions of New South Wales, and south-eastern Victoria.

Conservation status

Litoria verreauxii verreauxii is widespread and common across eastern Australia. L. v. alpina, though, has a very restricted range and has suffered significant declines in population; it is currently listed as endangered.[1]

Evolution

L. verreauxii is one of the classic examples of speciation by reinforcement. Future research into congener hybridisation and gene flow may find such occurring, and may find countervailing reinforcement mechanisms at work.[3]

Description

L. v. verreauxii is light brown to red brown above, with an often indistinct, broad, darker patch starting between the eyes and continuing over the back. A dark band starting at the nostril runs across the eye and down to the shoulder, underlined by a white line starting at the mouth. The thighs and backs of the legs are red with small black spots, with some larger black spots present on the fronts of the thighs.

L. v. alpina

L. v. alpina is mostly green on the dorsal surface with two brown bands running parallel to each other down the back. These bands start at the eye and are separated by a narrow band of green. The thighs and backs of the legs are the same as above. The belly of both subspecies is white. Both reach a maximum size of about 35 mm (1.4 in).

Ecology and behaviour

Verreaux's tree frog inhabits swamps, dam impoundments, and creeks in woodland, farmland, forest and cleared land. Males call from pond-side vegetation or from the ground all year round, but calling intensifies during autumn and spring and after rain. As its name implies, this frog makes a whistling noise.

The alpine tree frog inhabits alpine ponds and pools of creeks in moorland, alpine forest and partly cleared land. Males have a similar call as above and call from beside the breeding sites during spring and summer.

Chytrid fungus is believed to be partly responsible for the decline of the alpine subspecies.

As a pet

It is kept as a pet; in Australia and New Zealand, this animal may be kept in captivity with the appropriate permit.

References

  1. ^ a b c d Jean-Marc Hero, Peter Robertson, Frank Lemckert, Graeme Gillespie, Murray Littlejohn, Peter Robertson, John Clarke (2004). "Litoria verreauxii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T12155A3328276. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T12155A3328276.en.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  2. ^ a b Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Litoria verreauxii (Duméril, 1853)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  3. ^ Noor, Mohamed A F (1999). "Reinforcement and other consequences of sympatry". Heredity. The Genetics Society (Nature). 83 (5): 503–508. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6886320. ISSN 0018-067X. PMID 10620021.
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Whistling tree frog: Brief Summary ( 英語 )

由wikipedia EN提供

The whistling tree frog (Litoria verreauxii), or Verreaux's tree frog, is a species of frog found in Australia. It has been divided into two subspecies, the nominate Verreaux's tree frog (L. v. verreauxii) and the Verreaux's alpine tree frog (L. v. alpina). The alpine tree frog is restricted to the southern alps of New South Wales and Victoria. Verreaux's tree frog is widespread throughout south-eastern Queensland, coastal and highland regions of New South Wales, and south-eastern Victoria.

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Litoria verreauxii ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

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Litoria verreauxii[1][2][3]​ es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia Pelodryadidae.

Distribución geográfica

 src=
Rango de Litoria verreauxii. En azul Litoria verreauxii verreauxii, en rojo Litoria verreauxii alpina.

Esta especie es endémica del este de Australia. Su rango varía según la subespecie en cuestión.[4]

Lista de subespecies

Según Watson, Loftus-Hills & Littlejohn, 1971, se pueden reconocer dos subespecies:

  • Litoria verreauxii verreauxii (Dumeril, 1853), habita en el sureste de Queensland, en el medio de las mesetas septentrionales de Nueva Gales del Sur y las costas centrales y meridionales de Nueva Gales del Sur. También está presente en el este de Victoria. El área de distribución de esta subespecie es de aproximadamente 236,400 km². Está presente hasta 800 m de altitud;
  • Litoria verreauxii alpina (Fry, 1915) habita solo en los Alpes australianos en el sureste de Australia, cubriendo un área de alrededor de 3,200 km².

Descripción

Los machos de Litoria verreauxii verreauxii miden de 27 a 36 mm y las hembras de 32 a 36 mm. Los machos de Litoria verreauxii alpina miden de 31 a 33 mm y las hembras de 31 a 34 mm.

Etimología

Esta especie lleva el nombre en honor a Jules Verreaux. La subespecie se nombra en referencia al lugar de su descubrimiento, los Alpes Australianos.

Publicaciones originales

  • Duméril, 1853 : Mémoire sur les Batraciens anoures de la famille des Hylaeformes ou Rainettes, comprenant la description d'un genre nouveau et de onze espèces nouvelles. Annales Des Sciences Naturelles, sér. 3, vol. 19, p. 135-179[5]
  • Fry, 1915 : Herpetological notes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, vol. 27, p. 60–95

Referencias

  1. Catalogue of Life : Litoria verreauxii (Duméril, 1853) Consultado el 14 de septiembre de 2018
  2. Animal Diversity Web : Litoria verreauxii especie de anfibio anuro Consultado el 14 de septiembre de 2018
  3. ITIS : Litoria verreauxii especie de anfibio anuro Consultado el 14 de septiembre de 2018
  4. AmphibiaWeb : Litoria verreauxii (Duméril, 1853) Consultado el 14 de septiembre de 2018
  5. Amphibian Species of the World: Litoria verreauxii (Duméril, 1853) Consultado el 14 de septiembre de 2018

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Litoria verreauxii: Brief Summary ( 西班牙、卡斯蒂利亞西班牙語 )

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Litoria verreauxii​​​ es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia Pelodryadidae.

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Litoria verreauxii ( 巴斯克語 )

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Litoria verreauxii Litoria generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Hylidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Litoria verreauxii: Brief Summary ( 巴斯克語 )

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Litoria verreauxii Litoria generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Hylidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

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Litoria verreauxii ( 法語 )

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Litoria verreauxii est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Pelodryadidae[1].

Répartition

 src=
Aire de répartition de Litoria verreauxii.
En bleu Litoria verreauxii verreauxii,
en rouge Litoria verreauxii alpina.

Cette espèce est endémique de l'Est de Australie. Son aire de répartition varie selon la sous-espèce concernée.

Liste des sous-espèces

Selon Watson, Loftus-Hills & Littlejohn, 1971 deux sous-espèces peuvent être reconnues[2],[1],[3] :

  • Litoria verreauxii verreauxii (Duméril, 1853), se rencontre du Sud-Est du Queensland au milieu des plateaux Nord de la Nouvelle-Galles du Sud et les côtes centrale et Sud de la Nouvelle-Galles du Sud. Elle est également présente dans l'est de l'État de Victoria. La zone de répartition de cette sous-espèce est d'environ 236 400 km2. Elle est présente jusqu'à 800 m d'altitude ;
  • Litoria verreauxii alpina (Fry, 1915) ne se rencontre que dans les Alpes australiennes dans le sud-est de l'Australie, sur un territoire d'environ 3 200 km2.

Description

 src=
Litoria verreauxii verreauxii.
 src=
Litoria verreauxii verreauxii.

Les mâles de Litoria verreauxii verreauxii mesurent de 27 à 36 mm et les femelles de 32 à 36 mm[4]. Les mâles de Litoria verreauxii alpina mesurent de 31 à 33 mm et les femelles de 31 à 34 mm[4].

Étymologie

Cette espèce est nommée en l'honneur de Jules Verreaux[5]. La sous-espèce est nommée en référence au lieu de sa découverte, les Alpes australiennes.

Publications originales

  • Duméril, 1853 : Mémoire sur les Batraciens anoures de la famille des Hylaeformes ou Rainettes, comprenant la description d'un genre nouveau et de onze espèces nouvelles. Annales Des Sciences Naturelles, sér. 3, vol. 19, p. 135-179 (texte intégral).
  • Fry, 1915 : Herpetological notes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, vol. 27, p. 60–95 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

  1. a et b Amphibian Species of the World, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  2. Watson, Loftus-Hills & Littlejohn, 1971 : The Litoria ewingi complex (Anura: Hylidae) in south-eastern Australia. I. A new species from Victoria. Australian Journal of Zoology, vol. 19, no 4, p. 401-416.
  3. UICN, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  4. a et b Tyler & Knight, 2011 : Field Guide to the Frogs of Australia: Revised Edition. Csiro Publishing, p. 1-188.
  5. Beolens, Watkins & Grayson, 2013 : The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Pelagic Publishing Ltd, p. 1-262
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Litoria verreauxii: Brief Summary ( 法語 )

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Litoria verreauxii est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Pelodryadidae.

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Litoria verreauxii ( 波蘭語 )

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Litoria verreauxiigatunek płazów z rodzaju Litoria, należący do rodziny rzekotkowatych.

Żaby znaleziono na południowo-wschodnim wybrzeżu Australii.

Przypisy

  1. Litoria verreauxii. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).

Bibliografia

p d e
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Litoria verreauxii: Brief Summary ( 波蘭語 )

由wikipedia POL提供

Litoria verreauxii – gatunek płazów z rodzaju Litoria, należący do rodziny rzekotkowatych.

Żaby znaleziono na południowo-wschodnim wybrzeżu Australii.

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