Tamias canipes is mainly a terrestrial, forest-dwelling chipmunk found in coniferous forests, dense mixed oak/pine/fir forests, pinyon-juniper woodlands, and brushy hillsides with rocky crevices. These chimpmunks prefer areas with an abundance of oaks, pines, and firs, where fallen trees and rocks crevices provide a place for nesting and hiding from predators. Nests are usually formed in cavities of downed timber and even underground among the roots of decaying tree stumps.
The species is found mostly at elevations of 1600 m to 3600 m, but will descend to lower zones such as the lava flows of the Carrizozo Malpais in the Tularosa Valley of New Mexico.
Range elevation: 1600 to 3600 m.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; mountains
Diet varies and includes gooseberries and juniper berries, various acorns, seeds of the Douglas fir, currants, mushrooms, green vegetation, and insects. For the most part, acorns compose a significant portion of their diet, especially in the late summer and autumn. They hibernate, but usually do not gain extra weight. Instead, they subsist on cached supplies of acorns and other seeds.
Animal Foods: insects
Plant Foods: leaves; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit; flowers
Foraging Behavior: stores or caches food
Primary Diet: omnivore
Scattered acorn shells are the most common mark of feeding grounds, and cheek pouches often contain one large or several small acorns. Other wild seeds are also gathered, eaten, and stored. Tamias canipes's habit of gathering and storing seeds helps the progress of planting for many of the trees in their habitats. Tamias canipes serves as prey for carnivores. Chipmunks are also hosts to coccidian parasites Eimeria cohisensis and Eimeris dorsalis.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
Very little gray-footed chipmunk habitat is located in areas where humans reside, so there seems to be little positive or negative effect on human populations. Humans may receive an indirect benefit from these animals, in that their food caching behavior helps forests to regenerate. Humans do benefit from trees and other potential products of healthy forests.
There is no reported negative impact of these animals on humans.
Tamias canipes is listed by the IUCN Red list as LR/nt (lower risk/near threatened). The species has a patchy distribution, but there is nothing to suggest any immediate threat to its survival. The populations of T. canipes located in Texas occur in protected regions, whereas the populations in New Mexico and Sacramento mountains are not afforded any protection.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
Gray-footed chipmunks make chipping sounds, described as a light “chipper” or a lower “chuck-chuck-chuck”. When they sense danger they are quiet. However, they also have an alarm call, much like a shrill version of the “chipper” sound, due to the closer intervals of the vocalization peaks.
In addition to vocalizations, we can assume that these chipmunks are like other members of their genus, in that they also communicate with visual signals such as tail and body position. They are also likely to use tactile communication while rearing their young and mating. The role of chemical communication in these animals has not been investigated.
Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
The genus name Tamias is Greek word meaning "a storer or distributor." The specific epithet canipes is derived from the Latin cantitia, which means gray in color and pes meaning foot.
Gray-footed chipmunks, Tamias canipes, are found in the Sacramento, White, Gallinas, Jicarilla, Captain, and Guadalupe mountains of southeastern New Mexico. They also occur in Texas in the Guadalupe and Sierra Diablo mountains in the trans-Pecos region.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )
Adult size of T. canipes is reached by late summer/early autumn, which leaves little time for the year’s offspring to store food before winter weather approaches. This may contribute to high mortality of young each year.
Although data for T. canipes are not available, other species of chipmunk are not known to reach highly advanced ages. In captivity, some chipmunks may live as long as 10 years. Maximum lifespan in the wild is probably shorter, reaching about 8 years. Limits to longevity in T. canipes are probably similar.
The distinguishing character of T. canipes is the gray coloring on the dorsal surface of the hind feet, hence the origin of its common name-- gray-footed chipmunk. This small chipmunk is grayish in color overall, with four whitish stripes and five brownish stripes on the lateral sides of the head, as well as 2 white and 3 brown stripes on each side of the animal. The shoulders, nape of the neck, rump, and thighs often have a wash of smoke gray color. There are dorsal stripes of black or brown, but there are also lighter stripes, with the inner stripes being smoke gray and the outer stripes being grayish-white. The tail color is black dorsally and reddish brown underneath. The ventral portion of the pelage is creamy white. Winter pelage is similar to summer pelage, except with more gray color dorsally and paler on the sides.
There is geographical variation in T. canipes, with some populations being bigger in size or darker in color than other populations in different mountain ranges. Within the species, weights are commonly between 65 and 75 g. For the Sacramento Mountain populations, total length varies between 227 and 264 mm. Tail length comprises 91 to 108 mm of the total length. The hind foot length averages 34.6 mm, with individuals ranging between 34.0 and 36.0 mm. In the Texas Guadalupe Mountains and New Mexico White Mountains, individuals tend to be smaller. Total length ranges between 210 and 250 mm, with tails measuring 92 to 115 mm. Hind foot length is smaller in these populations as well, measuring 32 to 35 mm.
As is the case in many chipmunks, females are larger than males.
The dental formula is 1-0-2-3/ 1-0-1-3 for a total of 22 teeth.
Because they hibernate, these animals are heterothermic. Body temperature decreases during the winter months while an individual is torpid. However, body temperature remains relatively constant during this period. In the summer, when the animals are active, body temperature is higher. Again, the temperature remains constant. This constant body temperature, varying seasonally, makes these animals both heterothermic and homoiothermic endotherms.
Range mass: 65 to 75 g.
Range length: 210 to 264 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; heterothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: female larger
Gray-footed chipmunks are a common prey item for the carnivores of their forest habitat, including raptors like northern goshawks and other raptors. When aware of danger T. canipes hides in crevices or burrows, and pelage coloration helps themblend in with surrounding brush.
Known Predators:
Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic
The mating system of this species has not been described. However, most members of the genus Tamias breed polygynously. It is likely that these chipmunks are similar.
Female gray-footed chipmunks produce one litter of about 4 young each year, between mid-May through August. Not much else is known about the breeding habits of this species. However, we can generalize from other species in the genus, as most chipmunks follow similar patterns.
In most species of Tamias, females enter estrus shortly after they emerge from hibernation in the spring. Gestation lasts about one month. Lactation may occur for one to two months, depending upon the species. Young typically become independent in the season of their birth, and are capable of breeding the following spring. If this pattern holds for T. canipes, there is little time for young born in August to accumulate food caches to supply them through the winter months.
Breeding interval: These chipmunks breed once per year.
Breeding season: Assuming a gestation of 30 days, mating occurs between April and July.
Average number of offspring: 4.
Average gestation period: 30 days.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 10 months.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 10 months.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; viviparous
The parental habits of this species have not been reported. However, in chipmunks the female typically cares for her young in a burrow or nest until the young are able to fend for themselves. Males play no role in parental care.
Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Protecting: Female)
La esguil de pata gris (Tamias canipes) ye una especie de mamíferu rucador esciuromorfo de la familia Sciuridae. Ye endémica de los Estaos Xuníos.
El so hábitat natural son los montes templaos. Aliméntase principalmente d'abiyotes. Pesa de 65 a 75 g y tien un tamañu promediu de 23,7 cm de llargu, siendo'l machu llixeramente más grande que la fema. Son animales cobardes, polo qu'a la primer señal de peligru van afletar a una carba, van meter a un furu na tierra o van xubir a un árbol.
La esguil de pata gris (Tamias canipes) ye una especie de mamíferu rucador esciuromorfo de la familia Sciuridae. Ye endémica de los Estaos Xuníos.
El so hábitat natural son los montes templaos. Aliméntase principalmente d'abiyotes. Pesa de 65 a 75 g y tien un tamañu promediu de 23,7 cm de llargu, siendo'l machu llixeramente más grande que la fema. Son animales cobardes, polo qu'a la primer señal de peligru van afletar a una carba, van meter a un furu na tierra o van xubir a un árbol.
L'esquirol llistat de peus grisos (Neotamias canipes) és una espècie de rosegador de la família Sciuridae. És endèmica dels Estats Units, el seu hàbitat natural són els boscos temperats. S'alimenten principalment de gles, tenen una grandària mitjana, 65-75 g i 237 mm; sent el mascle lleugerament més gran que la femella. Són animals tímids, per la qual cosa al primer senyal de perill s'escapoliren a un matoll, es ficaren a un orifici a la terra o pujaren un arbre.
L'esquirol llistat de peus grisos (Neotamias canipes) és una espècie de rosegador de la família Sciuridae. És endèmica dels Estats Units, el seu hàbitat natural són els boscos temperats. S'alimenten principalment de gles, tenen una grandària mitjana, 65-75 g i 237 mm; sent el mascle lleugerament més gran que la femella. Són animals tímids, per la qual cosa al primer senyal de perill s'escapoliren a un matoll, es ficaren a un orifici a la terra o pujaren un arbre.
Das Graufuß-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias canipes, Syn.: Neotamias canipes) ist eine Hörnchenart aus der Gattung der Streifenhörnchen (Tamias). Sie kommt in Teilen von New Mexico und Texas in den Vereinigten Staaten vor.
Das Graufuß-Streifenhörnchen erreicht eine durchschnittliche Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von etwa 13 Zentimetern, der Schwanz ist mit 9,8 bis 10,8 Zentimetern deutlich kürzer und das Gewicht beträgt etwa 70 Gramm. Das Fell der Tiere ist blass-orangebraun bis zimtfarben, auf dem Rücken befinden sich – wie für die Gattung typisch – fünf dunkle Rückenstreifen, die durch hellere Streifen getrennt sind. Von anderen Arten unterscheidet es sich durch die graue Färbung der Oberseite der Hinterfüße, im Vergleich zum Kleinen Streifenhörnchen (Tamias minimus) ist es etwas größer.[1]
Das Graufuß-Streifenhörnchen kommt in Teilen von New Mexico und Texas in den Vereinigten Staaten vor. Dabei ist es in New Mexico auf den Südosten des Bundesstaates in den Capitan, Jicarilla, Gallinas und den Sacramento Mountains mit der Sierra Blanca in Höhen von 1600 bis 3600 Metern begrenzt, in Texas kommt es nur im westlichen Teil in den Guadalupe Mountains und der Sierra Diablo in Höhen von 1800 bis 2500 Metern vor.[1][2]
Das Graufuß-Streifenhörnchen ist eine Waldart der höheren Gebirgslagen, die vor allem am Waldrand lebt und Bereiche mit vergleichsweise großen Mengen von abgefallenen Holz- und Laubresten am Boden bevorzugt. Es kommt in verschiedenen Wald- und Gebüschlebensräumen sowie auf Lavafeldern und Geröllflächen vor. Die Lebensräume sind häufig geprägt durch das Vorkommen von Douglasfichten (Pseudotsuga menziesii) und Gelb-Kiefern (Pinus ponderosa). In ausgedünnten Forstbeständen und jungen Waldbeständen kommt die Art zudem häufiger vor als in älteren, dichten Waldteilen.[1]
Die Art ist tagaktiv und primär bodenlebend, können als gute Kletterer jedoch auch Bäume und Gebüsche besteigen und im Geäst nach Nahrung suchen. Die Tiere ernähren sich vor allem herbivor von Samen von den Zapfen der Nadelbäume, Wacholderfrüchten, Pilzen und Eicheln, wobei letztere vor allem vom Spätsommer bis in den Winter den Hauptteil der Nahrung ausmachen. Auch Insekten können Bestandteil der Nahrung sein.[2] Sie sind vor allem am frühen Morgen aktiv, wenn sie nach Nahrung suchen. Die Tiere überwintern vor allem im Oktober und halten über den Winter eine Winterruhe, wobei sie den gesamten Winter über im Nest bleiben und dort Nahrungsreserven anlegen. Die Nester werden unter Holzstapeln, in Baumstümpfen und Wurzeln sowie in Erdhöhlen angelegt.[1]
Die Fortpflanzungszeit liegt im späten Frühjahr bis Frühsommer und die Jungtiere werden vom späten Mai und Juni bis in den August geboren und sie verlassen die Muttertiere im Herbst.[1] Bei Gefahr stoßen sie einen schrillen und abgehackten Schrei aus, der dem des Grauhals-Streifenhörnchens (Tamias cinereicollis) und des Colorado-Streifenhörnchens (Tamias quadrivittatus) entspricht. Über potenzielle Fressfeinde liegen keine Informationen vor, als Parasiten sind Eimeria cochisensis und Eimeria dorsalis dokumentiert.[1]
Das Graufuß-Streifenhörnchen wird als eigenständige Art innerhalb der Gattung der Streifenhörnchen (Tamias) eingeordnet, die aus 25 Arten besteht.[3] Die wissenschaftliche Erstbeschreibung stammt von dem amerikanischen Naturforscher Vernon Orlando Bailey aus dem Jahr 1902, der die Art als Eutamias cinereicollis canipes anhand von Individuen aus den Guadalupe Mountains im Culberson County, Texas, einführte.[4] Der Fundort wurde später von Arthur Holmes Howell auf den Dog Canyon eingegrenzt.[3][5] Innerhalb der Streifenhörnchen wird das Graufuß-Streifenhörnchen gemeinsam mit den meisten anderen Arten der Untergattung Neotamias zugeordnet, die auch als eigenständige Gattung diskutiert wird.[6] Ursprünglich wurde es als Unterart des Grauhals-Streifenhörnchens (Tamias cinereicollis) betrachtet und gilt seit dem Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts als eigenständige Art.[5]
Innerhalb der Art werden mit der Nominatform zwei Unterarten unterschieden:[1]
Das Graufuß-Streifenhörnchen wird von der International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) als „nicht gefährdet“ (least concern) eingeordnet.[2] Obwohl es auf ein sehr begrenztes Verbreitungsgebiet von weniger als 20.000 km2 begrenzt ist, wird es als relativ häufig eingestuft und es sind keine bestandsgefährdenden Risiken bekannt. Kleinere Populationen sind allerdings anfällig für Waldbrände.[2]
Das Graufuß-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias canipes, Syn.: Neotamias canipes) ist eine Hörnchenart aus der Gattung der Streifenhörnchen (Tamias). Sie kommt in Teilen von New Mexico und Texas in den Vereinigten Staaten vor.
The gray-footed chipmunk (Neotamias canipes) is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is endemic to New Mexico and in the Sierra Diablo and Guadalupe Mountains in the Trans-Pecos region of Texas in the United States.[3] Its natural habitat is temperate forests.
The preferred habitat of the gray-footed chipmunk is down logs at the edge of clearings. They occur also in dense stands of mixed timber (oaks, pines, firs) and on brushy hillsides, particularly where crevices in rocks offer retreats. When alarmed, they usually seek seclusion in crevices or burrows; occasionally they take to the trees.
Their food consists of a variety of items such as acorns, seeds of Douglas fir, currants, gooseberries, mushrooms, green vegetation, and insects.
Little is known of their breeding habits. The young are about half-grown in mid-summer and almost full-grown in September and October, but one female taken in August in the Guadalupe Mountains contained four embryos. One litter a year is normal.
The gray-footed chipmunk (Neotamias canipes) is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is endemic to New Mexico and in the Sierra Diablo and Guadalupe Mountains in the Trans-Pecos region of Texas in the United States. Its natural habitat is temperate forests.
La ardilla de pata gris (Tamias canipes) es una especie de mamífero roedor esciuromorfo de la familia Sciuridae. Es endémica de los Estados Unidos. Su hábitat natural son los bosques templados. Se alimenta principalmente de bellotas. Pesa de 65 a 75 g y tiene un tamaño promedio de 23,7 cm de largo, siendo el macho ligeramente más grande que la hembra. Son animales tímidos, por lo que a la primera señal de peligro se escabullirán a un matorral, se meterán a un orificio en la tierra o subirán a un árbol.
Datos: Q1765246
Especies: Tamias canipes
La ardilla de pata gris (Tamias canipes) es una especie de mamífero roedor esciuromorfo de la familia Sciuridae. Es endémica de los Estados Unidos. Su hábitat natural son los bosques templados. Se alimenta principalmente de bellotas. Pesa de 65 a 75 g y tiene un tamaño promedio de 23,7 cm de largo, siendo el macho ligeramente más grande que la hembra. Son animales tímidos, por lo que a la primera señal de peligro se escabullirán a un matorral, se meterán a un orificio en la tierra o subirán a un árbol.
Tamias canipes Tamias generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Xerinae azpifamilia eta Sciuridae familian sailkatuta dago.
Tamias canipes eli Neotamias canipes on maaoravien sukuun kuuluva jyrsijä. Se on kotoperäinen New Mexicon ja Texasin osavaltiossa, Yhdysvalloissa. Sen luonnollinenmukainen elinympäristö on lauhkeat metsät.[1] Nisäkäsnimistötoimikunta ehdotti lajin suomenkieliseksi nimeksi "harmaajalkatikutakua".[2]
Tamias canipes eli Neotamias canipes on maaoravien sukuun kuuluva jyrsijä. Se on kotoperäinen New Mexicon ja Texasin osavaltiossa, Yhdysvalloissa. Sen luonnollinenmukainen elinympäristö on lauhkeat metsät. Nisäkäsnimistötoimikunta ehdotti lajin suomenkieliseksi nimeksi "harmaajalkatikutakua".
De grijsvoetchipmunk (Tamias canipes) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de eekhoorns (Sciuridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door V. Bailey in 1902.
De soort komt voor in de Verenigde Staten.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesDe grijsvoetchipmunk (Tamias canipes) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de eekhoorns (Sciuridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door V. Bailey in 1902.
Tamias canipes[2][3][4][5][6] är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av V. Bailey 1902. Den ingår i släktet jordekorrar och familjen ekorrar.[7][8] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1]
Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life,[7] medan Wilson & Reeder skiljer mellan två underarter:[4]
Arten har gråaktig grundfärg, med tre bruna strimmor längs rygg och sidor, med vita mellanrum. Svansen har svart ovansida och rödbrun undersida. skuldror, nacke, bakdel och lår är ofta rökgrå. På huvudets sidor har den fem brunaktiga och fyra vitaktiga strimmor. Tandantalet är 22. Underarten Tamias canipes sacramentoensis har en total kroppslängd mellan 22,7 och 26,4 cm, varav svansen utgör 9,1 till 10,8 cm. Tamias canipes canipes är mindre, med en total kroppslängd mellan 21 och 25 cm, varav svansen utgör 9,2 till 11,5 mm. Vikten varierar mellan 65 och 75 g. Som hos de flesta jordekorrar är honan något större än hanen.[10]
Arten vistas i bergstrakter. I New Mexico mellan 1 600 och 3 600 meter över havet, i Textas mellan 1 800 och 2 500 meter över havet. Habitatet utgörs av skogar på klippig mark som barrskogar med gran, tall och douglasgran, blandskogar med ek och buskskogar med pinje och en. De söker gärna skydd under timmerstockar och bland klippor. Boet skapas oftast i håligheter under omkullkastade träd eller under rötter.[1]
Födan utgörs av ekollon, frön, svampar, gröna växtdelar och insekter. Individerna blir inaktiva under vintern men de håller ingen egentlig vinterdvala.[1] Honor föder omkring 4 ungar mellan maj och augusti, efter omkring 30 dagars dräktighet. De blir könsmogna vid 10 månaders ålder.[10]
Denna jordekorre förekommer i södra USA i sydöstra delen av New Mexico och sydvästra delen av Texas.[1]
Wikispecies har information om Tamias canipes.
Tamias canipes är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av V. Bailey 1902. Den ingår i släktet jordekorrar och familjen ekorrar. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.
Sóc chuột chân xám, tên khoa học Tamias canipes, là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Sóc, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được V. Bailey mô tả năm 1902.[2] Chúng là loài đặc hữu của tiểu bang New Mexico và Texas (Mỹ).
Sóc chuột chân xám, tên khoa học Tamias canipes, là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Sóc, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được V. Bailey mô tả năm 1902. Chúng là loài đặc hữu của tiểu bang New Mexico và Texas (Mỹ).
회색발다람쥐(Neotamias canipes)는 다람쥐과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다.[3] 미국 뉴멕시코주와 텍사스주 트란스페코스 지역의 시에라 미아블로, 과달루페 산맥의 토착종이다.[1] 자연 서식지는 온대 기후 지역 숲이다.
회색발다람쥐가 좋아하는 장소는 개간지 가장자리의 낮은 통나무이다. 여러 나무(참나무와 소나무, 전나무)가 혼합된 울창한 입목 지대와 덤불이 무성한 산허리, 특히 숨기 좋은 바위 틈에서도 발견된다. 위험이 닥치면 보통 바위 틈이나 땅 아래 굴 속, 또는 나무 속으로 숨을 곳을 찾는다.
먹이는 도토리와 더글라스전나무 씨, 건포도, 구스베리, 버섯, 녹색 식물, 곤충과 같은 다양하게 이루어져 있다. 번식을 하는 장소는 거의 알려져 있지 않다. 새끼는 한여름에 거의 절반 정도 자라며, 9월과 10월에 거의 완전히 자라지만 8월에 과달루페 산맥에서 4마리의 새끼를 밴 암컷이 포획된 기록이 있다. 보통 1년에 한 번 새끼를 낳는다.
2종의 아종이 알려져 있다.[3]
