Parsonsia is a genus of woody vines in the family Apocynaceae. Species occur throughout Indomalaya, Australasia and Melanesia.[1]
Description
The leaves are opposite, the shape and size of juvenile leaves often bearing little resemblance to the adult leaves.[2] The latex may be clear and colourless, pale yellow or milky white.[2] The flowers are green, white, cream, yellow, orange, red, pink or brown, sometimes with contrasting markings. These are followed by elongated pod-like capsules, the two follicles eventually separating to reveal numerous seeds with long, silky hairs.[2]
Taxonomy
The genus was named and described in 1810 by botanist Robert Brown in his paper On the Asclepiadeae published in Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society .[3] He named the genus in honour of James Parsons (1705–1770), an English physician and Fellow of the Royal Society.[4]
The generic name Parsonsia R.Br. (1810) is conserved against the earlier homonym Parsonsia P.Browne which was given to a genus in the family Lythraceae. The latter genus is now included in Cuphea.[5]
Parsonsia is closely related to Artia and Prestonia.[6][7]
Species
Accepted species[1]
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Parsonsia affinis Baill. – New Caledonia
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Parsonsia alboflavescens (Dennst.) Mabb. – China, Taiwan, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Australia.[3][8][9]
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Parsonsia apiculata D.J.Middleton
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Parsonsia aneityensis Guillaumin – Vanuatu
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Parsonsia apiculata (Bakh.f.) D.J.Middleton – Java, Bali
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Parsonsia appressa D.J.Middleton – Papua New Guinea[9]
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Parsonsia bartlensis J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
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Parsonsia blakeana J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
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Parsonsia brachiata Baillon ex Guillaumin – New Caledonia[10]
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Parsonsia brisbanensis J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
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Parsonsia brownii (Britten) Pichon – SE Australia[3]
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Parsonsia buruensis (Teijsm. & Binn.) Boerl. – Maluku, Papua New Guinea[9]
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Parsonsia capsularis (Forster f.) R. Br. – New Zealand[11]
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Parsonsia catalpicarpa – New Caledonia[10]
- Parsonsia celebica (Oliv.) Sleesen – W Malaysia, Borneo, Sulawesi
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Parsonsia constricta D.J.Middleton – W New Guinea
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Parsonsia crebriflora Baill. – New Caledonia[10]
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Parsonsia curvisepala K. Schum. – Perak, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Philippines[9][12]
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Parsonsia densiflora D.J.Middleton – Papua New Guinea [9]
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Parsonsia densivestita C.T.White – Queensland[3]
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Parsonsia diaphanophleba F.Muell. – Western Australia [3]
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Parsonsia dorrigoensis J.B.Williams – New South Wales[3]
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Parsonsia edulis (G. Benn.) Guillaumin – New Caledonia[10]
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Parsonsia effusa S. Moore – New Caledonia[10]
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Parsonsia eucalyptophylla F.Muell. – E Australia[3]
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Parsonsia ferruginea J.B.Williams – Queensland [3]
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Parsonsia flavescens Merr. & L.M. Perry – New Guinea [9][13]
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Parsonsia flexilis Baill. – New Caledonia[10]
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Parsonsia flexuosa Baill. – New Caledonia[10]
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Parsonsia franchetii Baill. ex Guillaumin – New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands[10]
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Parsonsia fulva S.T.Blake – Queensland, NSW[3]
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Parsonsia goniostemon Hand.-Mazz. – Guangxi[8]
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Parsonsia grandiflora D.J.Middleton[3] – Bacan I in Maluku[14]
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Parsonsia grayana J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
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Parsonsia hebetica Markgr. – Papua New Guinea [9]
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Parsonsia × heterocapsa Allan – New Zealand
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Parsonsia heterophylla A. Cunn. – New Zealand[11]
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Parsonsia howeana J.B.Williams – Lord Howe Island[3]
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Parsonsia inae Guillaumin – Vanuatu
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Parsonsia induplicata F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW[3]
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Parsonsia kimberleyensis J.B.Williams – Western Australia[3]
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Parsonsia kroombitensis J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
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Parsonsia laevis – Fiji, Vanuatu[13][15]
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Parsonsia lanceolata R.Br. – Queensland, NSW[3]
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Parsonsia langiana F.Muell. – Queensland[3]
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Parsonsia larcomensis J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
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Parsonsia largiflorens (F.Muell. ex Benth.) S.T.Blake – Queensland, NSW[3]
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Parsonsia lata Markgr.- Maluku, New Guinea, Solomon Is [16][9]
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Parsonsia latifolia (Benth.) S.T.Blake – Queensland[3]
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Parsonsia laxiflora Guillaumin – New Caledonia[10]
-
Parsonsia leichhardtii F.Muell. – Queensland[3]
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Parsonsia lenticellata C.T.White – Queensland[3]
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Parsonsia lilacina F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW
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Parsonsia longiflora Guillaumin – New Caledonia[10]
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Parsonsia longiloba D.J.Middleton – New Ireland
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Parsonsia longipetiolata J.B.Williams – Queensland, NSW[3]
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Parsonsia macrophylla Pichon ex Guillaumin. – New Caledonia[10]
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Parsonsia marginata Markgr. – New Guinea
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Parsonsia novoguinensis D.J.Middleton – New Guinea [9]
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Parsonsia oligantha (K.Schum.) D.J.Middleton – New Guinea [9]
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Parsonsia pachycarpa Guillaumin – New Caledonia[10]
-
Parsonsia paulforsteri J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
-
Parsonsia pedunculata Markgr. – Bismarck Archipelago[9]
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Parsonsia penangiana King & Gamble – Penang, Thailand
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Parsonsia philippinensis Merr. – Philippines, Java, Borneo, W Malaysia, Thailand
-
Parsonsia plaesiophylla S.T.Blake – Queensland[3]
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Parsonsia populifolia Baill. – New Caledonia[10]
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Parsonsia praeruptis Heads & P.J.de Lange – North I of New Zealand
-
Parsonsia purpurascens J.B.Williams – New South Wales[3]
-
Parsonsia rotata Maiden & Betche – Queensland, NSW[3]
-
Parsonsia rubra Kaneh. & Hatus. J. – Maluku, New Guinea [9][13]
-
Parsonsia sanguinea Markgr. – New Guinea[3][9][13]
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Parsonsia sankowskyana J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
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Parsonsia scabra (Labill.) Markgr. – New Caledonia[10]
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Parsonsia schoddei D.J.Middleton – Papua New Guinea [9]
-
Parsonsia smithii Markgr. – Vanua Levu in Fiji
-
Parsonsia straminea (R.Br.) F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW[3]
-
Parsonsia sundensis D.J.Middleton[3] – East Timor[17]
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Parsonsia tenuiflora D.J.Middleton[3] – W New Guinea
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Parsonsia tenuis S.T.Blake – Queensland, NSW[3]
-
Parsonsia terminaliifolia Guillaumin – New Caledonia[10]
-
Parsonsia vaccinoides Markgr. – W New Guinea [9]
-
Parsonsia velutina R.Br. – Timor, Maluku, Australia, New Guinea[3][9]
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Parsonsia ventricosa F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW[3]
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Parsonsia warenensis Kanehira & Hatusima – Papua New Guinea [9]
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Parsonsia wildensis J.B.Williams – Queensland[3]
-
Parsonsia wongabelensis J.B.Williams- Queensland[3]
- formerly included[1]
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Parsonsia balansae Baill. = Artia balansae (Baill.) Pichon ex Guillaumin
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Parsonsia barbata Blume = Parameria laevigata (Juss.) Moldenke
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Parsonsia brachycarpa Baill. = Artia brachycarpa (Baill.) Boiteau
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Parsonsia bracteata Hook. & Arn. = Mandevilla pentlandiana (DC.) Woodson
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Parsonsia corymbosa (Jacq.) R.Br. ex Steud. = Pinochia corymbosa (Jacq.) M.E.Endress & B.F.Hansen
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Parsonsia diversifolia (Warb.) Markgr. = Lyonsia diversifolia Warb.
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Parsonsia floribunda (Sw.) R.Br. ex Steud. = Pinochia floribunda (Sw.) M.E.Endress & B.F.Hansen
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Parsonsia francii Guillaumin = Artia francii (Guillaumin) Pichon
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Parsonsia galeottiana Baill. = Thenardia galeottiana Baill.
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Parsonsia javanica Blume 1826 not (Blume) K. Schum 1895 = Urceola javanica (Blume) Boerl.
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Parsonsia leptocarpa Hook. & Arn. = Forsteronia leptocarpa (Hook. & Arn.) A.DC.
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Parsonsia lifuana Baill. = Artia lifuana (Baill.) Pichon ex Guillaumin
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Parsonsia myrtifolia (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. = Landolphia myrtifolia (Poir.) Markgr.
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Parsonsia ovata Wall. ex G.Don = Pottsia laxiflora (Blume) Kuntze
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Parsonsia spicata (Jacq.) R.Br. ex Steud. = Forsteronia spicata (Jacq.) G.Mey.
Cultivation
A species from New Zealand, Parsonsia variablis (Variable-leaved Parsonsia), was introduced into cultivation in England in 1847 as a greenhouse plant and was noted to have a sweet scent, however the flowers were regarded as "not very showy".[18] This species is thought to be a form of Parsonsia heterophylla.[11]
References
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^ a b c d "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". Retrieved May 18, 2014.
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^ a b c "Genus Parsonsia". PlantNET – New South Wales Flora Online. Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney Australia. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
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^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an "Parsonsia". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
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^ Bennett, John J. (1850). The Miscellaneous Botanical Works of Robert Brown: Vol.II. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
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^ "Genus: Parsonsia P. Browne". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
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^ Livshultz, T., D. J. Middleton, M. E. Endress, and J. K. Williams.(2007) Phylogeny of Apocynoideae and the APSA Clade (Apocynaceae S.l.). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 94, no. 2: 324–59.
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^ Morales, J.F.; Endress, M.E.; Liede-Schumann, S. (2017) Sex, drugs and pupusas: Disentangling relationships in Echiteae (Apocynaceae). Taxon 66 (3): 623–644. https://doi.org/10.12705/663.7
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^ a b "Parsonsia". Flora of China. efloras.org. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
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^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Conn, Barry J. "Census of Vascular Plants of Papua New Guinea". Plants of Papua New Guinea. Papua New Guinea National Herbarium and the National Herbarium of New South Wales #. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
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^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Genre Parsonsia R.Br". Endémía – Faune & Flore de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
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^ a b c "Flora of New Zealand: PARSONSIA R. Br., 1809". Retrieved 2009-05-19.
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^ "Parsonsia curvisepala". Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard University Herbaria. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
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^ a b c d "Indonesian Biodiversity Information System (IBIS) online". Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
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^ "Parsonsia grandiflora D.J. Middleton". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Gardens. Retrieved 2009-05-31.
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^ "Parsonsia laevis". Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard University Herbaria. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
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^ "Parsonsia lata". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2009-05-19.
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^ "Parsonsia curvisepala". Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard University Herbaria. Retrieved 2009-05-31.
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^ Moore, Thomas; William P. Ayres (1850). Gardeners' Magazine of Botany, Horticulture, Floriculture, and Natural Science. William S. Orr and Co. 1: 120.
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