Delphinium denudatum is a species of wildflower in the genus Delphinium, native to Central Asia.
Distribution
Delphinium denudatum is found on the outer ranges of western Himalayas of Nepal[1] and in India from Kashmir to Kumaon at a height between 8000 and 12000 feet above sea level.
Medicinal properties
It is one of the important drugs used as indigenous medicine in India, especially in Unani medicine.[2][3] Its vernacular name is Jadwar.
The roots of the plant are reported to be useful in a variety of ailments such as aconite poisoning, brain diseases, fungal infection, piles and toothache as analgesic and astringent.[4][5][6] A number of studies have been done on its phytochemical and pharmacological properties.[7][8]
Its use in opium addiction is mentioned in some classical literature,[9][10] which has been verified and validated in morphine-induced physical dependent de-addiction studies.[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Some species are reported to have been poisonous.[21]
References
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^ "नेपालमा अधिक चोरी शिकारी र अवैध व्यापार हुने वन्यजन्तु तथा वनस्पतिहरूको जानकारी" (PDF). dnpwc.gov.np (in Nepali). Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
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^ Nizami, Qudsia; Jafri, MA (2006). "Unani drug, Jadwar (Delphinium denudatum Wall.) - A review". Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 5 (4): 463–467.
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^ Zafar S, Aftab MA, Siddiqui TA. Jadwar (Delphinium denudatum Wall.) Roots – A Boon in Unani Medicine, Hamdard Medicus, Vol. XLVI, No. 2, 2003: 9-14
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^ Baytar Ibn. Jame al Mufradat al advia wal aghzia. Cairo: Bulak Press; 1874: 159
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^ Khory RN, Katrak NN. Materia Medica of India and their therapeutics. Delhi: Neeraj Publishing House; 1985: 10–11
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^ Rahman A, Nasreen A, Akhtar F, Shekhani MS, Clardy J, Parvez M, Choudhary MI. Antifungal diterpenoid alkaloids from Delphinium denudatum. J Nat Prod. 1997;60:472–4
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^ Singh N, Singh A, Malik MS. Delphinium denudatum alkaloid, the structure of denudatine. Chem Ind. 1961: 1909-11
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^ Singh N, Chopra KL. Diterpine alkaloid isolation and study of two new alkaloids. J Pharma and Pharmaceutic. 1962;14:288–93
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^ Khan Najmul Ghani. Qarabadin-i Najmul Ghani (Urdu). 2nd ed. Lucknow: Naval Kishore Press; 1928: 621
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^ Shirazi IM. Treatise on Opium. A 16th Century Persian manuscript Aligarh: Zillur Rahman Library, Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine & Sciences; Scribed between 1737 and 1744. p. 28.
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^ Rahman, SZ (Syed Ziaur Rahman); Khan, RA; Kumar, A (May 2002). "Experimental study of the morphine de-addiction properties of Delphinium denudatum Wall". BMC Complement Altern Med. 2 (6): 6. doi:10.1186/1472-6882-2-6. PMC 116424. PMID 12036433.
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^ Chase, Christina (June 2003). "Study shows Delphinium denudatum aids in de-addiction of morphine (Review)". HerbClip, American Botanical Council, Austin, TX, USA: HC#010133–234.
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^ Rahman, SZ; Khan, RA; Kumar, A (December 2003). "CNS depressant effect of delphinium denudatum wall. with special reference to its role in morphine addiction". Journal of Neurochemistry. 87 (Suppl. 1): 68. doi:10.1046/j.1474-1644.2003.2175_4.x. ISI:000187240200233 IDS Number: 753PR.
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^ Rahman, SZ; Khan, RA; Kumar, A (February 2004). "Delphinium denudatum Wall and its CNS activities particularly in morphine addiction". Journal of Neurochemistry. 88 (Suppl. 1): 34. doi:10.1046/j.1474-1644.2003.2314p8_01.x. ISI:000189078700103 IDS Number: 775UH.
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^ Rahman, SZ; Khan, RA; Kumar, A (August 2004). "Delphinium denudatum Wall and its CNS depressant effect particularly in morphine addiction". Journal of Neurochemistry. 90 (Suppl. 1): 145. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02693P.x. ISI:000223760900456 IDS Number: 852NB.
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^ Rahman, SZ; Khan, RA; Kumar, A (August 2005). "Pharmacological studies of an indigenous CNS-active drug delphinium denudatum wall. in view of its role in morphine addiction". Journal of Neurochemistry. 94 (Suppl. 2): 95. doi:10.1111/j.1474-1644.2005.03323.x. ISI:000231673400258 IDS Number: 961PD.
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^ Rahman, SZ; Khan, RA; Kumar, A (August 2007). "Pharmacological study of delphinium denudatum wall. in morphine de-addiction". Journal of Neurochemistry. 102 (Suppl. 1): 142–143. doi:10.1111/j.0022-3042.2007.04727.x. ISI:000248991600345 IDS Number: 203RL.
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^ Rahman, S. Z., Khan R. A. & Kumar A. A Study of Delphinium denudatum Wall. in morphine dependence. In: Khan SS, editor. Vistas in Ethnobotany, Ind J Applied Pure Biol. Vol. 1. 2000: 111–125
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^ Rahman, S. Z., Khan R.A & Kumar A. Preclinical study of delphinium denudatum wall. in morphine de-addiction. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods September–October 2007, Volume 56 (2): e4
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^ Rahman, S. Z., Khan, R. A & Kumar, A. A Study of Delphinium denudatum in moderately induced morphine dependence, Proceedings, 6th Internet World Congress for Biomedical Sciences, Castilla La Mancha University, Spain, February 14–25, 2000
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^ Human Poisoning due to Delphinium Species in the Himalayan Region of Nepal: A Case Report. Santosh Adhikari et al. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2020.
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