Speyeria cybele pollinates different types of plants.
Ecosystem Impact: pollinates
As most butterflies do, great spangled fritillaries, while feeding on nectar, pollinate the flowers they visit. This promotes diversity by making self-fertilization less likely. This benefits humans in that it keeps these species of flowers viable and alive.
Great spangled fritillaries do not have a negative effect on humans.
After hatching from their eggs, Speyeria cybele caterpillars overwinter and do not become active until the spring. Unlike most butterfly larvae, which molt five times, great spangled fritillary caterpillars molt six times, becoming bigger each time they molt until it they reach the final larval stage.
Development - Life Cycle: metamorphosis
Great spangled fritillaries have an extremely large range. Some of the temperate forests and rainforests within its range are threatened, but that has not had an effect on their numbers.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
State of Michigan List: no special status
Males use pheromones to attract females. Visual cues are also used in mate recognition. Females use chemical cues to find a suitable host plant on which to lay eggs.
Communication Channels: visual ; chemical
Other Communication Modes: pheromones
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; chemical
Great spangled fritillaries are the most common fritillaries in the Eastern United States.
As mature butterflies, great spangled fritillaries, due to their large size, prefer large flowers including violets and thistles.
Similar to many other butterflies, great spangled fritillaries have chemoreceptors on the bottom surfaces of their four walking legs. These allow butterflies to find nectar with their feet. In females, these receptors are adapted to assist in reproduction.
As caterpillars, great spangled fritillaries eat the leaves of violets (Viola rotunidfolia). It does so only at night, spending the day hiding under leaves.
Plant Foods: leaves; nectar
Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore , Nectarivore )
Great spangled fritillaries live in the temperate forests of Northern America. Their range includes almost all of Canada and the United States north of Georgia.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )
Great spangled fritillaries live mostly in temperate climates but can be found in extremes from the arctic to the subtropical. They can be found in both open woodlands and prairies, preferring to be in moist climates.
Habitat Regions: temperate
Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; forest
Great spangled fritillaries are relatively large butterflies with a wingspan of 5.85 to 10.1 cm and a length of 9.1 to 9.9 cm. Speyeria cybele has scalloped forewings and hindwings. The sexes are colored differently. The females of the species are paler with a dark blackish concentration on the basal half of both their forewings and hindwings. This pattern is not seen as distincly in males. Both males and females have a pale orange color on the outside of their wings. This is where their fritillary spots, black spots near the edges of the wings from whence they get their name, are found. These are black on the forewings and silver on the hindwings. Both sexes also have a pale orange underside with black spots on the forewings and broad, tan bands on the hindwings.
In their larval stage, great spangled fritillaries' caterpillars have orange spines on a black body.
Range length: 9.1 to 9.9 cm.
Range wingspan: 5.85 to 10.1 cm.
Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes colored or patterned differently
During mating, males seek out females. A male will perch near a female and open and close his wings. This releases a "strong and spicy" scent from the male's scent scales. This aids in courtship due to recognition of and the female's attraction to this scent. Males are attracted to females based on size, color, and the frequency of the flapping of the female's wings. This allows the males to determine the females of their own species as well as the most attractive females of their species. The females have sensilla, chemoreceptors on the ventral surfaces of their forelegs. When looking for a place to lay her eggs, a female will land on a leaf and "drum" the leaf, which involves scraping the surface of the leaf. In doing this the chemoreceptors help the female to identify the plant. The sensilla occur in clusters of 4-12, and each pair of sensilla is located at the same place as a pair of spines. These spines are thought to scratch the leaf surface to allow the oils of the leaf to come into contact with the sensilla. The females lay their pale yellow eggs singly near food sources during their migration. These may be laid in late June and July, but the majority are laid in August or September.
Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (Internal ); oviparous
After laying eggs, butterflies exhibit no parental care.
Parental Investment: pre-fertilization (Provisioning)
The great spangled fritillary (Speyeria cybele) is a North American butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.
Its wingspan ranges from 62 to 88 mm (2.4 to 3.5 in).[2] It is characterized by its orange color above with five black dashes near forewing base and several irregular black dashes at the base of the hindwing. In addition, two rows of black crescents run along the edges of the wings. Below, the forewing is yellowish orange with black marks similar to the upperside, with a few silver spots on the tip of the wing. The hindwing is reddish brown with silver spots on the base and middle of the wing. A broad yellow band and silver triangles are the most notable qualities on the wing, next to the brown margin. Females tend to be darker than males and individuals from the western reaches of this species range tend to be brighter orange. Similar species include the Aphrodite fritillary (Speyeria aphrodite), the Atlantis fritillary (Speyeria atlantis) and the northwestern fritillary (Speyeria hesperis). It is distinguished from the Aphrodite and Atlantis fritillaries by a wide light submarginal band on the hindwing and instead of black spots, black dashes form on the margins of the forewing.
Listed alphabetically:[3]
The great spangled fritillary covers a wide range of North America stretching from southern Canada to northern California on the west to North Carolina on the east. Prime habitat for this species includes moist meadows and woodland edges.
Various species of native violets have reported to serve as a larval host plant for the great spangled fritillary, including the native round-leaf violet (Viola rotundifolia), the arrow-leaf violet (Viola fimbriatula) and the common blue violet (Viola sororia).[4][5]
The great spangled fritillary (Speyeria cybele) is a North American butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.
Speyeria cybele
L'Argynne cybèle (Speyeria cybele) est une espèce nord-américaine de lépidoptères de la famille des Nymphalidae et de la sous-famille des Heliconiinae.
Speyeria cybele a été nommé par Johan Christian Fabricius en 1775.
Synonymes : Papilio cybele Fabricius, 1775; Papilio daphnis Cramer, 1775 [1].
L'Argyne cybèle se nomme Great Spangled Fritillary en anglais.
La chenille, de couleur noire est ornée d'épines noires à base rouge[2]. La chrysalide est brune tachetée.
Au stade adulte, l'Argynne cybèle est un grand papillon de couleur jaune orange brillant ornementé de marron. Son envergure varie de 63 à 101 mm. La face supérieure des ailes est marron près du corps, et orange vers l'extérieur. Des taches noires en forme de croissant, de rond et de damier les ornent. La face intérieure des ailes antérieures est plus claire avec une ornementation semblable. Celle des postérieures est orné de taches ovales blanc argenté, et d'une ligne submarginale de taches en demi-cercle blanc nacré[3],[2].
L'Argyne cybèle vole en une génération de mi-juin et septembre[4]..
Il hiverne au stade de jeune chenille[3].
Le chenille se nourrit de feuilles de violettes, dont Viola rotundifolia[1]. L'adulte se nourrit du nectar de différentes fleurs, dont le chardon (Cirsium spp.).
L'Argyne cybèle est présent en Amérique du Nord dans tout le Canada au sud de la limite boréale, de la Colombie-Britannique à la Nouvelle-Écosse et la majorité des états des USA, la limite sud étant le centre de la Californie, l'Utah, le Colorado, le Kansas, l'Oklahoma, l'Arkansas, le Mississippi, l'Alabama, le nord de la Géorgie et la Caroline du Nord[1],[2],[3].
Cette espèce préfère les lieux relativement humides, comme les prairies, les forêts clairsemées, les vallées et au bord des routes[3].
Pas de statut de protection particulier aux USA[3]. La sous-espèce Speyeria cybele pseudocarpenteri est considérée comme menacée au Canada[2].
Un morceau du groupe Cocteau Twins de 1985 porte le nom anglais de cette espèce, Great Spangled Fritillary, présent sur le EP Echoes in a Shallow Bay.
Speyeria cybele
L'Argynne cybèle (Speyeria cybele) est une espèce nord-américaine de lépidoptères de la famille des Nymphalidae et de la sous-famille des Heliconiinae.
Speyeria cybele (Anglice great spangled fritillary) est papilio familiae Nymphalidarum, in multo Americae Septentrionalis endemicus.
Latitudo alarum est 2 1/8 ad 3 unciae. Feminae maribus maiores, et singuli ex occidentalibus huius speciei regionibus aurantiores esse solent. Inter species simillimas sunt Speyeria aphrodite, Speyeria atlantis, et Speyeria hesperis.
Adulti ova fusca mensibus autumni pariunt. Larvae ex ovis exclusae in solo hiemant. Martio eae Viola rotundiflora vesci incipiunt.
Speyeria cybele (Anglice great spangled fritillary) est papilio familiae Nymphalidarum, in multo Americae Septentrionalis endemicus.
Latitudo alarum est 2 1/8 ad 3 unciae. Feminae maribus maiores, et singuli ex occidentalibus huius speciei regionibus aurantiores esse solent. Inter species simillimas sunt Speyeria aphrodite, Speyeria atlantis, et Speyeria hesperis.
Speyeria cybele is een vlinder uit de familie van de Nymphalidae.[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1775 door Johann Christian Fabricius.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesSpeyeria cybele là một loài bướm ngày thuộc họ Nymphalidae. Nó bắt đầu bay trước khi bình minh và trở lại nghỉ vào giữa trưa (Fullard & Napoleone, 2001).
Speyeria cybele là một loài bướm ngày thuộc họ Nymphalidae. Nó bắt đầu bay trước khi bình minh và trở lại nghỉ vào giữa trưa (Fullard & Napoleone, 2001).